2026-10-19T04:50:33Zhttps://ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/oai/requestoai:ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:ebyu/100742026-10-18T21:13:09Zopenairedrivercom_ebyu_10000col_ebyu_10001A Novel Protective Strategy Against Metformin-Induced Renal Injury Involving Adenosine Triphosphate and Thiamine PyrophosphateKocaturk, HuseyinBedir, FevziYavuzer, BulentSezgin, Esra TubaMammadov, RenadSuleyman, BahadirSarigul, CengizCimen, Ferda KeskinAltay, Mehmet SefaSuleyman, HalisATPinflammationmetforminoxidative stressrenal injuryTPPAcute Kidney InjuryAdenosine TriphosphateAnimalsHypoglycemic AgentsKidneyMaleProtective AgentsRatsRats, WistarThiamine Pyrophosphatecatalasecocarboxylasecocarboxylase hydrochloridecytokineglutathioneinterleukin 1betalactate dehydrogenaselactic acidmalonaldehydesuperoxide dismutasetumor necrosis factorantidiabetic agentprotective agentanimal experimentMetformin is widely used in type 2 diabetes, but its effects on oxidative and inflammatory pathways remain controversial. Beyond glycemic control, it may promote lactic acidosis by impairing mitochondrial metabolism and pyruvate flux. The potential renoprotective roles of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) remain poorly defined. This study aimed to evaluate whether ATP and TPP mitigate metformin-induced renal injury through biochemical and histopathological assessments. Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, ATP, TPP, metformin, ATP + metformin, and TPP + metformin. Metformin (50 mg/kg, oral), ATP (4 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), or TPP (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered daily for 10 days. Oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, renal histopathology, and serum creatinine, BUN, lactate, and LDH levels were evaluated. Metformin induced significant oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disturbance, and renal injury. ATP provided partial protection, whereas TPP markedly restored redox balance, reduced inflammation, and preserved renal histology. TPP confers superior protection against metformin-induced renal injury compared with ATP by modulating oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways, highlighting its therapeutic potential in preventing metformin-related nephrotoxicity. © 2026 by the authors.Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)2026Articlehttps://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/ebyu/10074https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms270418251661-6596enInternational Journal of Molecular Sciencesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/ebyu/10074