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oai:ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:ebyu/119122026-10-18T21:13:16Zopenairedrivercom_ebyu_10000col_ebyu_10001

The Protective Effect of Gallic Acid Against Bisphenol A-Induced Ovarian Toxicity and Endocrine Disruption in Female RatsGezer, ArzuÜstündag, HilalKılıç Baygutalp, NurcanErbaş, ElifÖzkaraca, Mustafabisphenol A toxicityendocrine disruptiongallic acidinflammatory markersovarian histopathologyoxidativestress parameters8-Hydroxy-2'-DeoxyguanosineAnimalsAntioxidantsApoptosisBenzhydryl CompoundsCyclooxygenase 2DNA DamageEndocrine DisruptorsFemaleFollicle Stimulating HormoneHumansInterleukin-1betaLuteinizing HormoneMalondialdehydeOvaryOxidative StressPhenolsProgesteroneProtective AgentsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySuperoxide DismutaseTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of gallic acid (GA) against ovarian damage induced by bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in female rats. We evaluated whether GA can mitigate the adverse effects of BPA on ovarian structure, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reproductive hormone levels. Methods: Thirty-two female rats were categorized into four groups: control, GA, BPA, and GA+BPA. Histopathological evaluations of ovarian tissue were performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The immunohistochemical analysis was conducted for inflammatory, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptotic markers (Tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFa], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX2], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1b], 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and caspase 3). Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels. Furthermore, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Histopathological outcomes revealed that BPA significantly induced follicular degeneration, which was effectively mitigated by GA treatment (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis highlighted the exacerbation of inflammatory responses and oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis (TNFa, COX-2, IL-1b, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3) in BPA-exposed tissues, which were reduced in the presence of GA (P < 0.05). The assessment of oxidative stress demonstrated that GA could significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and partially restore antioxidant defense mechanisms disrupted by BPA (P < 0.05). Hormonal profiling indicated that BPA exposure altered the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone, with GA treatment showing a capacity to modulate these changes, especially in progesterone levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that GA exhibits protective properties against BPA-induced ovarian damage through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, alongside its ability to modulate hormonal imbalances. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of GA in safeguarding reproductive health against environmental toxicants. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., and Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.Mary Ann Liebert Inc.2024Articlehttps://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/ebyu/11912https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2024.00881096-620XenJournal of Medicinal Foodinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/ebyu/11912