<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-10-19T01:06:10Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:ebyu/14336" metadataPrefix="oai_dc">https://ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net:ebyu/14336</identifier><datestamp>2026-10-18T21:14:21Z</datestamp><setSpec>openaire</setSpec><setSpec>driver</setSpec><setSpec>com_ebyu_10000</setSpec><setSpec>col_ebyu_10001</setSpec></header><metadata><oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"><dc:title>The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in tic disorders</dc:title><dc:creator>Karayagmurlu, Ali</dc:creator><dc:creator>Ogutlu, Hakan</dc:creator><dc:creator>Esin, Ibrahim Selcuk</dc:creator><dc:creator>Dursun, Onur Burak</dc:creator><dc:creator>Kiziltunc, Ahmet</dc:creator><dc:subject>Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)</dc:subject><dc:subject>Nerve growth factor (NGF)</dc:subject><dc:subject>Neurotrophic factor</dc:subject><dc:subject>Tic disorder</dc:subject><dc:subject>glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor</dc:subject><dc:subject>nerve growth factor</dc:subject><dc:subject>Article</dc:subject><dc:subject>case control study</dc:subject><dc:subject>child</dc:subject><dc:subject>clinical article</dc:subject><dc:subject>controlled study</dc:subject><dc:subject>correlational study</dc:subject><dc:subject>cross-sectional study</dc:subject><dc:subject>development and well being assessment</dc:subject><dc:subject>disease severity assessment</dc:subject><dc:subject>enzyme linked immunosorbent assay</dc:subject><dc:subject>female</dc:subject><dc:subject>general health status assessment</dc:subject><dc:subject>human</dc:subject><dc:subject>male</dc:subject><dc:subject>pathogenesis</dc:subject><dc:subject>protein blood level</dc:subject><dc:subject>protein function</dc:subject><dc:subject>structured interview</dc:subject><dc:subject>tic</dc:subject><dc:subject>Yale Global Tic Severity Rating Scale</dc:subject><dc:description>Objectives: Tic disorders are associated with neurodevelopmental origin, changes in dopaminergic neurons, and the formation of immunoreactivity, it is thought that neurotrophic factors may be crucial in the emergence of tic disorders. In this study, we targeted to explore role of neurotrophic factors in tic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate serum Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) levels in patients with tic disorder and healthy controls. Methods: Thirty-four children, constituted the case group, were diagnosed with tic disorder. The control group included 34 healthy children. Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) (structured interview) and Yale Global Tic Severity Rating Scale (YGTSRS) was applied to the patients. NGF and GDNF levels were measured with ELISA kit. Results: In case group, serum NGF and GDNF levels were found to be significantly higher in females than males (p = 0.042, p = 0.031). It was determined that serum NGF and GDNF levels were correlated with each other (r = 0.803, p &lt;0.001) and there were no correlations between other parameters. There was no significant difference in NGF and GDNF in patients with tic disorder, compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: The absence of this relationship does not exclude the hypothesis that neurotrophic factors may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of tic disorders. © 2018, Professional Medical Publications. All rights reserved.</dc:description><dc:publisher>Professional Medical Publications</dc:publisher><dc:date>2018</dc:date><dc:type>Article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/ebyu/14336</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.344.15555</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>1682-024X</dc:identifier><dc:language>en</dc:language><dc:relation>Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences</dc:relation><dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights><dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type><dc:identifier>https://ebyu-rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/tr/items/ebyu/14336</dc:identifier></oai_dc:dc></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>