The Investigation of Batteries and Thermal Management Systems Used in Electric Vehicles

Nowadays, electric vehicles come to the fore more than vehicles with internal combustion engines since electric vehicles are environmentally friendly and highly more efficient. Selection and thermal management of the battery, which is one of the most important equipment that constitutes electric vehicles, is important. In this study, the general view (history, classification, sales numbers, market shares) of electric vehicles, battery types that can be used in electric vehicles and battery thermal management systems were investigated. Different types of batteries commonly used in applications are compared according to their characteristics, and among these batteries, it has been observed that the type of battery that can be used in electric vehicles is lithium-ion batteries which have high specific energy (118-250 Wh/kg), high energy density (200-400 Wh/L), high specific power (200-430 W/kg), high cycle life (2000) and ideal operating temperature (-20oC-60oC). The thermal management systems, which can be used to obtain maximum performance from these batteries, are investigated and advantages and disadvantages of these methods are investigated. While it has been seen that air cooling is sufficient in vehicles with low thermal load (hybrid electric vehicles, etc.), it is observed that the use of liquid and hybrid cooling methods is appropriate in vehicles with high thermal load (full electric vehicles).