Aslan, Rahmi; Huyut, Zübeyir; Keleş, Muhammed Fatih; Bedir, Nedim; Eryılmaz, Recep; Huyut, Mehmet Tahir; Saygın, Murat; Demir, Murat; Taken, Kerem

Objective: The limited specificity of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increases the risk of unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum S100A4, along with CA-9, CA-12, Annexin A1/A2, and Galectin-3, in prostate cancer. Methods: This prospective case-control study, conducted between July 2024 and September 2025, included 80 patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Patients were stratified into low-risk (ISUP grades 1-2) and high-risk (ISUP ≥ 3) groups. Serum biomarker levels were measured using ELISA. Diagnostic and prognostic performance was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, with cut-off values determined using the Youden index. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent biomarkers. Results: Serum CA-12 and CA-9 levels were significantly higher in prostate cancer patients than in controls (p = 0.004 and p = 0.032, respectively). Although S100A4 levels were lower in prostate cancer patients compared with controls, they were significantly higher in high-risk patients within the cancer cohort (p = 0.002). Logistic regression identified S100A4 (p = 0.032) and CA-12 (p = 0.004) as independent predictors of prostate cancer diagnosis. ROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy for CA-12 (>52.9 ng/mL; AUC = 0.99) and S100A4 (<9.96 ng/mL; AUC = 0.98). For prognostic stratification, S100A4 (>8.27 ng/mL; AUC = 0.97) and CA-12 (>72.8 ng/mL; AUC = 0.91) effectively distinguished high-risk from low-risk disease. Conclusion: S100A4 and CA-12 exhibit strong diagnostic and prognostic performance in prostate cancer. When used alongside PSA, S100A4 and CA-12 may improve risk stratification in patients with suspected prostate cancer and help reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License.

Ozer, Mehmet; Ince, Sefa; Altuner, Durdu; Suleyman, Zeynep; Cicek, Betul; Gulaboglu, Mine; Mokhtare, Behzad; Gursul, Cebrail; Suleyman, Halis

Objective: The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of ATP on possible ovarian damage of 5-FU in rats. Methods: The animals were divided to three groups; healthy group (HG), 5-FU alone group (FUG) and ATP+5-FU administered group (AFU). The ATP 4 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) into the AFU group. The same volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) as the solvent was administered intraperitoneally to the HG and FUG groups. One hour after administering ATP and solvent, 5-FU 100 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally to the animals in the AFU and FUG groups. ATP was administered to the animals once a day for 10 days. On the 1st, 3rd and 5th days of 5-FU, one dose (total of 3 doses) was administered. On day 10, the animals were euthanasia with high-dose anaesthesia and ovarian tissues were removed. The removed ovaries were analyzed biochemically andhistopathological. Result: ATP significantly suppressed both the increase in MDA and IL-6 levels, and the decrease in tGSH, SOD and CAT levels. Treatment with ATP significantly suppressed the severe vacuolization and primordial follicle degeneration induced by 5-FU in our study. Conclusion: ATP was possible to be useful for the treatment of 5-FU-induced ovarian damage.

Donertas, Ayla; Nayki, Umit; Nayki, Cenk; Ulug, Pasa; Gultekin, Emre; Yildirim, Yusuf

Purpose: To analyze treatment modalities and prognostic factors in patients with Stage I-II endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS). Materials and Methods: Twenty four patients (nineteen with low-grade ESS [LGESS] and five with high-grade ESS [HGESS]) were assessed retrospectively in terms of general characteristics, prognostic factors, treatment methods and survival. Results: Twenty patients were at Stage I and three were at Stage II. The stage of one patient could not be determined. With respect to age and comorbidity, no statistically significant difference was found among disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.990; p=0.995). However, DFS was significantly shorter in Stage II than Stage I patients (p=0.002). It was also significantly shorter in HGESS patients than in LGESS patients (p=0.000). There was no statistically significant differences among the overall survival (OVS) times of patients with respect to age at diagnosis and comorbid disease (p=0.905; p=0.979) but OVS was significantly shorter in patients with HGESS (p=0.00) and Stage II disease (p=0.001). No statistically significant difference was found with respect to OVS between patients who received radiotherapy (RT) and those who did not receive RT (p=0.055). It was not statistically possible to include other treatment modalities in the analysis because of the small sample size. Conclusions: Grade and stage of a tumour were found to be the most important prognostic factors. It was not possible to determine the optimal surgical method and the effect of adjuvant treatment since the number of cases was insufficient.

Reis, Nesrin; Bebis, Hatice; Kose, Sevinc; Sis, Asli; Engin, Raziye; Yavan, Tulay

Objective: The aims of this study were to explore Turkish women's knowledge, behavior and beliefs related to cervical cancer and screening. Methods: The study was performed in two cities in the East of Turkey between September 2009 and April 2010, with a sampling group of 387 women. Data were collected by means of an interview form with the Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test - Turkish Version. Results: Women in the research group were found to have poor knowledge, inadequate health behavior and low/medium level false beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening. There was relation between health beliefs and characteristics of women and particularly education (F = 10.80, p = 0.01). Similarly, it was found that Pap smear barriers were influenced by demographic characteristics and that women with low-level education (p = 0.001), divorced women (p = 0.05), women with low-income(p = 0.05), women who gave their first birth when they were 18 or younger (p = 0.05) and women not applying any contraceptive method at all (p = 0.01) were determined to have negative Pap smear barriers. Conclusions: Primarily the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of women in the target group should be evaluated to increase their participation in cervical cancer screening and to prepare effective education strategies.