Achite, M.; Toubal, K.A.; Katipoğlu, O.M.; Elshaboury, N.

The lack of sediment transport concentration measurements at the hydrometric stations justifies the choice of the methodological approach adopted. This is based essentially on statistical models for the homogenization of data and their extension to quantify the water erosion of the basin area. The Oued Abtal and Sidi Abdelkader Djillali hydrometric stations, each controlling the wadi Mina and wadi Haddad sub-basins upstream of the Sidi M’hamed Ben Aouda dam, were the subject of this evaluation methodology. This article aims to find the best approach among the seven proposed. Model results were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient, root mean square error, index of agreement, and mean absolute error. Based on the comparison of statistical metrics, it is evident that the 6th and 7th approaches stand out as the top performers, providing results that closely resemble reality. The approach that employs homogenization and extension of data from instantaneous water level measurements to liquid flows, utilizing the solid flow-liquid flow relationship developed at flood scale, seems to outperform the alternative approaches. Moreover, we found that these approaches fall into three categories: one that gives values close to the reference approach and two others that underestimate and overestimate the suspended solids transport values. The difference between approaches is strongly related to the variation of the flood ratio (FR), the ratio of observed (gauged) floods to recorded floods.

Karabulut, Turgut; Manga, Müge

This study aims to determine the ranking of criteria contributing to environmental pollution for Brazil-Russia-India-China-South Africa-Turkiye countries using multi-criteria decision-making methods based on average data for 2023. It also aims to rank the selected countries according to their performance. Environmental pollution criteria include carbon dioxide emissions, ecological footprint, per capita national income, renewable energy in primary energy consumption, trade, net foreign direct investment inflows, population, environmental policy stringency index and environmentally related technologies. The findings were determined according to the expert opinion-based method as follows: fossil energy use (0.123), carbon dioxide emissions (0.118), population (0.108), per capita national income (0.104), trade (0.099), environmental technologies (0.095), net foreign direct investment inflows (0.094), ecological footprint (0.093), environmental policy stringency index (0.090) and renewable energy in primary energy consumption (0.075). Accordingly, the ranking of the countries—from best to worst—was Turkiye, India, Brazil, South Africa, China and Russia. However, according to the objective method, the variable weights were determined as population (0.152), net foreign direct investment inflows (0.121), environmental technologies (0.118), national income per capita (0.108), fossil energy use (0.101), trade (0.095), ecological footprint (0.094), renewable energy in primary energy consumption (0.089), carbon dioxide emissions (0.062), environmental policy stringency index (0.055). Accordingly, the ranking of the countries—from best to worst—was Turkiye, India, South Africa, Brazil, China and Russia.