Yazici, Mehmet; Öz, Recep; Bahar, Hüseyin Hüsnü

Indoor football (astroturf football) is a popular sport, particularly among men. This study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to assess the attitudes of individuals playing indoor football. For this purpose, an item pool was initially created. During the development process, relevant literature was reviewed, observations were made of individuals playing indoor football, and expert opinions were consulted to formulate the statements. Based on expert feedback, necessary eliminations, mergers, and revisions were made to the item pool. The final 36-item form was administered to 491 participants, and the data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Based on the EFA results, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on the resulting structure. EFA results indicated a two-factor structure consisting of 18 items. The first factor, labeled "Interest," included 11 items, while the second factor, labeled "Discipline," comprised 7 items. These two factors together explained 59.139% of the total variance. The two-factor structure derived from the EFA was confirmed by the CFA. The CFA results indicated that the model met good and acceptable fit indices. Reliability analyses of the scale and its subdimensions were performed, and the stability coefficient was calculated. The internal consistency coefficients of the scale were.941 for the Interest dimension,.825 for the Discipline dimension, and.921 for the overall scale. The stability coefficients were.913 for Interest,.782 for Discipline, and.921 for the total score. As a result, a valid and reliable two-dimensional measurement tool was developed to assess the attitudes of individuals playing indoor football.

Koç, Yakup; Ekinci, Hasan Bugra

The aim of the study was to analyze the perceptions of professional football team fans toward fair play. In the study, phenomenology, one of the qualitative research designs, was used. The research group consisted of 107 adult male fans who voluntarily participated in the research, who went to Erzincan 2nd League football team 24 Anagold Erzincanspor matches in the 2022-2023 season. Personal information form and worksheet created for the participants were used as data collection tools in the study. In the worksheet, the participants were asked to fill in the phrase Fair play is like ............ . Because ........... The collected data were analyzed and interpreted by the content analysis method. The metaphors most frequently used by professional football team fans regarding the concept of fair play are sportsmanship, brotherhood, justice, friendship, and humanity, respectively. When the conceptual categories they belong to are examined based on the reasons for the metaphors produced, it has been determined that the participants produced metaphors in six categories for fair play: Fair play as an expression of wisdom, Fair play as an expression of human qualities, Fair play as an expression of nature, Fair play as a must, Fair play regarding objects, and Fair play as a guide. It was noted that the participants used a large number of different metaphors and that there was no high consensus on a particular metaphor. In addition, it was determined that the participants mostly had perceptions of the structure of fair play integrating with high human values.

Dündar, Sibel Tetik; Akcan, I. Orkun; Aggön, Eser

Mountain skiing, which is a competitive sport and has just developed in our country, combines high-level skiing technique and winter mountaineering. It is an endurance sport that provides more comfortable and long skiing with the possibility of climbing on difficult slopes. This research was carried out to examine some physical skill levels and aerobic and anaerobic power levels of athletes who are interested in mountain skiing. A total of 13 mountain skiers, 2 women and 11 men, with a mean age of 20.31 +/- 3.449 (years) participated in the study. Participants' age, height, and body mass information were determined by standard methods. Hand grip strength was measured with a digital hand dynamometer, joint range was measured with a reach -reach test, vertical jump height was measured with a Jumpmeter, and back and leg strength were measured with a digital dynamometer. Electronic hand spirometry was used for respiratory function test, Wingate anaerobic power test was used to determine anaerobic power level, and Bruce treadmill test protocol was used to determine aerobic power level. Shapiro-wilk analysis was used for the distribution of the data, and descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were used for the means. Results are presented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation (X +/- Ss). As a result, considering the studies on branches with the same and/or similar characteristics, it was determined that mountain skiers had good flexibility, moderate respiratory functions and strength characteristics, and high aerobic and anaerobic power.