Issin, Gizem; Demir, Fatih; Guvendir Bakkaloglu, Irem; Cagatay, Diren Vuslat; Aktug Simsek, Hasan; Yilmaz, Ismail; Zemheri, Ebru

Objective: Appendiceal neoplasms (ANs) are rare tumors that are often discovered incidentally during histopathological examinations. The increasing incidence of ANs is a critical issue in the non-operative management of acute appendicitis. This study aimed to document the temporal trends over a 12-year period by analyzing the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and histopathological features of ANs. Subjects and Methods: Health records of patients who underwent appendectomy from 2011 to 2022 were examined. Demographic and clinical data, laboratory results, imaging findings, and histopathological features were documented. The characteristics of both ANs and non-neoplastic cases were evaluated. Results: A total of 22,304 cases were identified, of which 330 (1.5%) were diagnosed with ANs. The odds ratio for ANs increased with age, with the highest odds ratio observed in patients aged 70 or older. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis showed that age and appendiceal diameter were significant predictors of ANs. An optimal age cut-off point of 28.5 years was determined, yielding a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 64%. For appendiceal diameter, the optimal cut-off was found to be 9.5 mm, exhibiting a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 56%. Conclusion: Although the incidence of ANs remains relatively low, a steady increase has been observed over the past decade. The increasing rate of ANs raises concerns regarding non-surgical management options. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering ANs as a potential diagnosis in older patients and in patients with an appendix diameter greater than 9.5 mm. These findings may have implications for treatment and management.

Pazarci, Özhan; Dogan, Halef Okan; Kilinc, Seyran; Çamurcu, Yalkin

Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between levels of serum vitamin D and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in elderly patients with bone fractures. Materials and Methods: This study included 56 patients and 31 control subjects. The patients included were those aged ≥65 years who were admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of bone fracture. The control group comprised age-matched, healthy individuals. Levels of serum vitamin D and GLP-1 were measured and compared between the 2 groups. Results: Significant differences were noted between the groups in terms of serum levels of vitamin D (p < 0.001) and serum levels of GLP-1 (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between serum levels of vitamin D and GLP-1. Conclusion: Serum levels of GLP-1 were found to be significantly lower in elderly patients with bone fracture compared to healthy adults. In addition, a significant correlation was found between decreased vitamin D and GLP-1 levels. These results may therefore demonstrate the protective effects of GLP-1 on bone structure and metabolism, similar to those of vitamin D.

Ozcicek, Adalet; Cetin, Nihal; Keskin Cimen, Ferda; Tumkaya, Levent; Malkoc, Ismail; Gulaboglu, Mine; Yarali, Oguzhan; Suleyman, Bahadir

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of resveratrol (RST) on oxidative stress induced by methotrexate in rat ileum tissue. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into 4 groups with 6 in each group. Each rat was orally administered the following every day for 30 days: group 1 (MTXG), methotrexate (MTX; 5 mg/kg); group 2 (RMTXG), MTX (5 mg/kg) plus RST (25 mg/kg/day); group 3 (RSTG), RST alone (25 mg/kg/day), and group 4 (controls), distilled water. After the rats had been sacrified, the ilea were removed for the assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Gene expression analyses for interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also performed. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin-embedded sections of the ileum were analyzed under a light microscope and the findings were recorded. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The administration of MTX in group 1 yielded a higher level of MDA (8.33 ± 2.5 μmol/g protein, p < 0.001) and lower levels of tGSH (0.97 ± 0.29 nmol/g protein) and GSH-Px (5.22 ± 0.35 U/g protein, p < 0.001) compared to the other groups. MTX also increased IL-1β (40.33 ± 5.43 gene expression levels), TNF-α (6.08 ± 0.59) and MPO gene expression (9 ± 1.41) in group 1 compared to the controls (11.33 ± 2.07, 2.15 ± 0.33 and 3.43 ± 0.48, respectively, p < 0.001). The impact of RST on IL-1β, TNF-α and MPO gene expression induced by MTX was observed as a reversal of these findings (p < 0.05). Severe inflammation, damage to the villus epithelium and crypt necrosis was observed histopathologically in the MTXG group, whereas only mild inflammation was seen in the RMTXG group. Conclusion: In this study, ileal damage caused by MTX was inhibited by RST.