Balli, Esra; Çatik, Abdurrahman Nazif; Uğur, Mehmet Sedat; Sigeze, Ciler

This paper investigates the relationship among CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, financial development, and trade in APEC countries based on quarterly data from 1985:Q4 to 2020:Q4 utilizing the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). The results demonstrate that both GDP and energy consumption have a positive and statistically significant effect on CO2 emissions. However, this effect diminishes as the conditional quantile of CO2 increases. Additionally, the study reveals that financial development has a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions, with its influence increasing at higher quantiles. The MMQR estimates suggest that increasing trade openness has led to improvements in environmental quality. Based on these findings, it is recommended that APEC countries implement environmentally friendly policies to achieve sustainable economic development in the region. Hence, it is essential for financial development, energy consumption, and trade openness policies to align with strategies aimed at reducing environmental degradation.

Abu Eleyan, Mohammed I.; Nazif Çatık, Abdurrahman; Ballı, Esra

This study investigates the effects of oil price shocks on five Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN-5) trade balances by employing a time-varying parameter vector autoregression model with stochastic volatility (TVP-VAR). The time-varying responses derived from this model indicate that the impacts of oil price shocks vary significantly across economies due to their distinct characteristics in the oil market. The results also demonstrate the significant time-varying impact of economic activity and the real exchange rate on the trade balances of the five countries. The time-varying responses show that the effects of oil prices on trade balances are more pronounced during global and local economic events. Our findings have important policy implications for each country to avoid the risks associated with fluctuations in oil prices.