Şişman, Turgay; Keskin, Muhammet Çağrı; Dane, Hatice; Adil, Şeymanur; Geyikoğlu, Fatime; Çolak, Suat; Canpolat, Esra

In order to determine the effects of environmental contamination, nuclear abnormalities of peripheral erythrocytes and lung, liver, and kidney histopathologies were evaluated in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in agricultural areas. The most prominent histopathological alterations observed in lung tissue were noted as epithelial hyperplasia, thickness of alveolar septa, dilatations and congestions of blood capillaries, and melanomacrophage accumulation. An increase in the number and widening of melanomacrophage centers were also noted for liver, in parallel with hepatocyte degeneration and heterogenic vascular construction originating from congestion, deformation and dilatation. In kidney, degeneration, congestion, dilatation, and necrosis in proximal and distal tubules were recorded; moreover, expansions of Bowman's space, infiltrations of lymphocytes, and glomerulonephritis were observed. Also, the frequency of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes showed significant differences between the sites. Quantitative analyzes of histopathological and nuclear alterations indicated that the highest effects of pollutants in frogs were at the agricultural sites in June.

Türkyilmaz, Doǧan; Özyürek, Selçuk; Esenbuǧa, Nurinisa; Yaprak, Mustafa

In this study, it was aimed that to identify components of milk and udder type and to correlations between udder measurements and milk components in Morkaraman, Tuj and Awassi sheep. Milk components are investigated in order to determination of milk quality. The main components of milk are fat, solid nonfat, density, protein, lactose and ash. Density of the milk is expressed in kg/m3 and the other components are in percent. Fat, solid non-fat, density, protein, lactose and ash percentages of the milk in this study were respectively 7.19%, 9.67%, 1030.78 kg/m3, 3.18%, 5.55%, 0.93% in Morkaraman; 7.20%, 9.95%, 1031.78 kg/m3, 3.29%, 5.70%, 0.96% in Tuj; 6.79%, 9.60%, 1030.77 kg/m3, 3.18%, 5.49% 0.93% in Awassi. There isn't any significant difference between the breed for milk components (p>0.05). Between udder width and non-fat dry matter content, high positive correlation was determined. The ideal and most suitable udder type for machine milking is pear-shaped and oblique teat (Type III). So this result can help us for selection of milking ability in Morkaraman and Tuj breeds.

Kocyigit, Ridvan; Aydin, Recep; Yanar, Mete; Diler, Abdulkerim; Avci, Mehmet; Ozyurek, Selcuk

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of the combination of direct-fed microbials (DFM) with exogenous feed enzymes (EFE) on the growth performance, feed efficiency ratio as well as some behavioural traits of Brown Swiss x Eastern Anatolian Red F1 calves reared in Eastern Region of Turkey. Twenty crossbred calves (10 males and 10 females) were assigned to treatment (DFM plus EFE additive) and control groups. Calves in DFM plus EFE group had 3.05 kg and 5.11 kg higher (p<0.05) weights at weaning and 3 months of ages than these in control group. Growth rate of the DFM plus EFE supplemented calves was significantly greater (p<0.05) than calves in control group in pre-weaning as well as between birth and 3 months of age. The feeding of DFM plus EFE additives to crossbred calves resulted in beneficial effect on the feed efficiency ratio in the pre-weaning period, and amount of dry matter of feed consumed per kg weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the calves in the treatment group. Gains in front shank circumferences from body measurements was also significantly higher (p<0.05) in the calves fed DFM plus EFE supplement compared to these in the control group. Behavioural activities of the calves were not significantly affected by DFM plus EFE additives. In conclusion, feeding combination of DFM and EFE to the crossbred calves resulted in significant beneficial effect on the growth performance and feed efficiency ratio of the young animals.