Yazici, Gülce Naz; Gürgen, Seren Gülsen; Sunar, Mukadder; Elmas, Çiǧdem

Objectives: This study uses transmission electron microscopy technique to investigate the efficacy of different antioxidants (such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and selenium) in repairing or reversing lung damage caused by the possible adverse effects of the chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide) application on the lung tissue of the subjects. Materials and Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each: (I) control, (II) cyclophosphamide only (75 μg/kg), (III) cyclophosphamide (75 μg/kg) + ascorbic acid (200 μg/kg/day), (IV) cyclophosphamide (75 μg/kg) + α-tocopherol (150 μg/kg/day) and (V) cyclophosphamide (75 μg/kg) + selenium (40 ppm/kg/day). At the end of the experimental period the rats were sacrificed and the left lung of the subjects was removed and placed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution in a 1/15 μ phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). The tissues were then stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate to enhance the contrast, and examined and photographed with an electron microscope (Carl Zeiss 900 EM). Results: Alveolar type II cells were found to have degenerated in the cyclophosphamide-treated lung tissues. Vacuolization and crystolisis of mitochondria, disruption of the lamellar order and indications of apoptosis were observed. In the α-tocopherol group, mitochondria were normal and fibrosis was reduced. In this group, damage to the cell membrane and defects of lamellar bodies were present. Other groups produced similar results to the cyclophosphamide group. Conclusion: The results of our study showed that from all the antioxidants administered to rats during chemotherapy, only α-tocopherol was efficient in healing the tissue damage caused by cyclophosphamide.

Özçelik, Kazim Caglar; Pülat, Huseyin; Zihni, Ismail; Eken, Huseyin; Karaköse, Oktay; Eroglu, Hasan Erol

Bilateral non-synchronization cancer is a rare condition among breast cancers. However, due to the advances in breast imaging techniques, the incidence of synchron bilateral breast cancer increases. Generally, the histopathological types of both tumors are generally the same. Today, bilateral synchronous breast cancer is treated by accepting both tumors as a separate primary, and the most common surgical procedure is bilateralmodified radical mastectomy. and a biopsy taken from this lesion was reported as invasive-ductal carcinoma, and a right modified radical mastectomy, a breast-conserving surgery on the left breast, and a left axillary syntheal lymph node sampling.

Korkut, Sabriye; Ozdemir, Ahmet; Korkmaz, Levent; Bastug, Osman; Halis, Hulya; Günes, Tamer; Orturk, Mehmet Adnan; Kurtoglu, Selim

Aim: To compare serial tibial speed of sound (SOS) values of small-for-gestational age (SGA) versus appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) preterm infants. Material and methods: Clinical and laboratory data of preterm newborns born at 24-35 gestation week and assessed by serial tibial SOS from postnatal week 1 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 67 preterm infants, of which 44 were AGA and 23 were SGA, were included in the study. There were also serial tibial SOS measurements of the third week of 50 of these newborns and of the sixth week of 31. The mean birth weights of SGA and AGA groups were similar (1341 +/- 299 g and 1359 +/- 457 g, respectively, p = 0.59); however the mean gestational ages of SGA group were higher (33.8 +/- 2.6 weeks and 29.8 +/- 3.weeks, respectively, (p<0.001). The effects of being SGA-AGA and gestation week on tibial SOS values were calculated by univariate analysis. The tibial SOS values in the SGA and AGA groups were found to be the first week of (3051 +/- 169 m/s and 2915 +/- 116 m/s, respectively, p = 0.09), the third week of (3017 +/- 180 m/s and 2906 +/- 124 m/s, respectively, p = 0.57) and the sixth week of (2977 +/- 152 m/s and 2882 +/- 103 m/s, respectively, p = 0.38). Conclusion: Tibial SOS values at postnatal first, third and sixth week were similar in AGA and SGA preterm newborns. In order to obtain a clear conclusion about this issue, there is a need for prospective studies in which the number of samples is appropriate and serial tibial SOS measurements were compared between preterm SGA and AGA neonates matched in terms of prenatal risk factors.

Yıldırım, Malik Ejder; Berk, Serdar; Kurtulgan, Hande Küçük; Tekin, Gülaçan; Tekin, Yusuf Kenan; Başer, Burak; Bağcı, Gökhan; Erşan, Serpil; Kılıçgün, Hasan

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by obstructed airflow in the lungs. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of COPD and it is associated with pulmonary vascular remodelling. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines associated with migration of monocytes and macrophages. Both MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 have been declared to be involved in various diseases. We aimed to research a possible association of MCP-1 level, MCP-1 -2518 A/G and CCR2 190 A/G polymorphisms with COPD and pulmonary hypertension in this study. Material and methods: Eighty patients and eighty controls were included in the study. Serum MCP-1 levels were measured by ELISA method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) procedure was used to detect the genotypes of patients and control group. Results: MCP-1 levels were found to be significantly higher in COPD patients than in healthy controls (P=0.001) and patients with COPD + PH had higher serum MCP-1 levels than COPD patients (P=0.005). No association was found between MCP-1/CCR2 gene polymorphisms and patient groups (COPD and COPD + PH). Conclusion: MCP-1 level seems to be associated with both COPD and pulmonary hypertension. Increased MCP-1 expression may most likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Çinar, Hamza; Akalin, Cagri; Kaya, Yasemin; Büyükakincak, Sercan; Eken, Huseyin

Background: It was aimed to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in patients who were made upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy and antrum biopsy due to dyspeptic complaints and to investigate the relation of Sydney classification criteria with Hp. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and taking antrum biopsy for dyspeptic complaints were included in the study between January 2015 and May 2017 at Ordu University Medical Faculty and Ordu State Hospital Endoscopy Units. Biopsy results of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The number of the patients was 526. 47.7% (n = 251) of the patients were female and 52.3% (n = 275) were male. The mean age of the cases was 53.65 +/- 16.44 years (min 17 -max 93). 68.1% (n: 358) of the patients were Hp positive and 31.9% (n = 168) were Hp negative. In patients; the results of activation (+) in 75.9% (n: 399), intestinal metaplasia in 15.2% (n = 80) (+), glandular atrophy (+) in 8.6% (n = 45) were observed. All biopsies had inflammation. The severity of Inflammation in cases was 47.53% (n = 250) mild, 41.45% (n = 218) moderate, and 11.02% (n = 58) severe. When we evaluate the relationship between inflammation, activation, intestinal metaplasia and glandular atrophy with Hp, it was observed that all the criteria were significantly higher in patients with Hp (+) than Hp (-). There were severe inflammation in 3 (1.78%) of 168 patients with Hp (-) and 55 (15.4%) of 358 patients with Hp (+) (p:0,000). 320 (89.4%) of the 358 patients with Hp (+) and 79 (47%) of the 168 patients with Hp (-) had activation (p:0,000). Intestinal metaplasia was observed in 63 (17.6%) of the 358 patients with Hp (+) and 17 (10.1%) of 168 patients with Hp(-)(p:0,015). Glandular atrophy was observed in 41 (11.45%) of 358 patients with Hp(+) and in 4 (2.38%) of the 168 patients with Hp (-) (p: 0,000). Conclusion: The prevalence of Hp in the community is still high. In patients with Hp (+), activation, inflammation severity, intestinal metaplasia and glandular atrophy rates are higher than those with Hp (-). Intestinal metaplasia and glandular atrophy are precancerous lesions. Early diagnosis and eradication of Hp may prevent the formation of precancerous lesions. Hp eradication can prevent not only stomach cancer but also many stomach diseases at the same time. Early diagnosis and eradication of Hp is important.

Özçelik, Kazim Caglar; Karaköse, Oktay; Zihni, Ismail; Pülat, Huseyin; Eken, Huseyin; Erol, Hasan

Aim: In the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes in early stage breast cancer, routine axillary dissection has been left to the sentinel lymph node dissection. When sentinel lymph node biopsy is performed with high accuracy of the axillary region, complications due to axillary dissection do not develop. We also examined our sentinel lymph node biopsy in early stage breast cancer in our study. Material and Methods: Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 22 patients with early stage breast cancer diagnosed at Suleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty Hospital in 2014. The files of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A 81.2% of 22 patients who received sentinel lymph node biopsy underwent breast conserving surgery and 18.2% had simple mastectomy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy revealed a median of 1.9 lymph nodes (min: 1-max: 3). As a result of the frozen examination, 81.8% of the lymph nodes were benign and 18.2% were malignant. In all of the axillary lymph node malignancies, the tumor showed upper external quadrant placement and 75% had lymphovascular invasion. This disease was supplemented by axillary dissection. Metastatic lymph nodes were not detected in one patient except sentinel lymph node. Conclusion: In our study, sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed for all early stage breast cancer negative for axilla diagnosed in our clinic.

Eken, Hüseyin; Pülat, Hüseyin; Damar, Sedat; Zihni, Ismail; Karaköse, Oktay; Özçelik, Kazım Çağlar

Genellikle zeka geriliği ve psikiyatrik bozukluğu olanlarda ratlanılan yabancı cisim yutma, sık görülen; fakat nadiren cerrahi müdahale gerektiren bir durumdur. Sıklıkla yutulan cisimlerin gayta yoluyla atılması ile sonlanmaktadır. Yutulan cismin sayısı, şekli, boyutu ve yutulma zamanı tedavi şeklini belirlemektedir. Acil kliniğimize başvurusundan 4 gün önce en büyüğü 6 cm'lik yaklaşık 80 tane çivi yutan 19 yaşındaki erkek hasta konservatif izlem amacıyla kliniğimize yatırıldı. Yazımızda iki günlük konservatif izlemden sonra intestinal obstrüksiyon gelişmesi üzerine operasyona alınan hastanın akıbeti sunulmuştur.

Özçelik, Kazim; Karaköse, Oktay; Zihni, Ismail; Pülat, Huseyin; Eken, Hsueyin; Erol, Hasan

Aim: Early stage breast cancer is being determined at increasing rates associated with an increase in the application of breast cancer screening programs. There is no consensus as to the surgical technique to be applied to these patients. In this study, the surgical techniques applied in our practice were examined together with the clinical characteristics of patients determined with early stage breast cancer. Patients and Methods: A retrospective examination was made of the records of 95 patients diagnosed with early stage breast cancer in our clinic at Suleyman Demirel University Medical Faculty Hospital in 2013-2015. Results: All the patients diagnosed and treated in our clinic for early stage invasive ductal carcinoma were female. Patients were diagnosed at a median age of 57 years. The treatment applied was breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node sampling in 32,6%, breast-conserving surgery and axillary dissection in 8,4%, simple mastectomy and sentinel lymph node sampling in 4,2% and modified radical mastectomy in 54,7%. Within the surgical procedures applied for early stage breast cancer, breast-conserving surgery was applied at the rate of 41,4% and sentinel lymph node sampling at 36,8%. Conclusion: No difference was determined between the patients with early stage breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery and those who underwent mastectomy in terms of general survival and disease-free survival periods. From a cosmetic aspect, the breast-conserving surgery was without doubt more successful and is being increasingly used in our clinical practice.

Pulat, Huseyin; Damar, Sedat; Zihni, Ismail; Özçelik, Kazim Caglar; Eken, Huseyin; Karakose, Oktay

Swallowing of foreign bodies, usually caused by mental retardation and psychiatric disturbances, is common; But it is rarely a condition that requires surgical intervention. It is often terminated by the swallowing of swallowed objects. The number of cigarettes that are ingested determines the shape, shape, and timing of the ingestion. A 19-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic for conservative follow-up 4 days before admission to our emergency clinic, who swallowed about 80 nails of the largest 6 cm. We present a 2-day conservative follow-up followed by the operation of the intestinal obstruction.

Zihni, Ismail; Karakose, Oktay; Caglar, Kazim; Pülat, Huseyin; Duran, Ali; Eken, Huseyin

Objective: Totally placed venous catheters for long-term chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition and fluid replacement in oncologic patients improve quality of life. However, despite their usefulness, serious complications such as thrombosis, infection, perforation, pneumothorax, rupture, displacement and fistulization may occur in the placement and management of these catheters. The aim of our retrospective study was to share our clinical experience with the readers and to evaluate the early and late complications in the light of the literature. Material and Methods: Between February 2008 and December 2014, clinical and demographic data of 130 cancer patients with total implantable permanent venous port catheter in Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital 3rd General Surgery Clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 130 patients had a port catheter for chemotherapy. The average age of the patients is 54.1 years, 75 is female and 55 is female. All patients had malignancy. Port catheters were placed for disease chemotherapy. Complications included pneumothorax in one patient, malposition in one patient, infection at the port site in 8 patients, skin necrosis in one patient, and venous thrombosis in one patient. Conclusion: The use of central venules with percutaneous technique for permanent venous port catheter insertion is a technique that can be applied safely in experienced hands, has low complication rate, high success rate and is very comfortable for patients.