Öner Gürsoy, Şule; Ceritli, Murat; Ünüvar, Songül; Aktay, Göknur

Objective: To evaluate the effects of captopril (CAP), an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), on oxidative stress, liver enzymes, cardiovascular damage, and micronucleus (MN) frequency in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (STZ-DM). Material and Methods: A total of 24 young Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups as control, STZ, and STZ+CAP. The rats with DM, induced by way of a single dose injection of STZ (45 mg/kg), received CAP 50 mg/L/day for eight weeks. At the end of this period, liver and cardiovascular damage was evaluated from the level of creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the level of lipid peroxidation was evaluated using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glu-tathione (GSH), and total thiol content (T-SH). The MN frequency was also examined. Results: STZ was found to cause significant increases in the TBARS and LDH levels, ALT and AST activity, and MN frequency and a decrease in the GSH levels, while CAP increased T-SH production and decreased LDH activity and MN frequency. However, CAP increased the activities of ALT and AST. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that CAP produces antioxidant effects in rats with STZ-induced DM and long-term use of CAP can correct the complications of diabetes at the cellular level, such as cell and tissue damage, as well as causing liver damage. Based on these results, diabetes seems to affect the liver, kidneys, and heart to varying degrees, although the liver is the most extensively affected organ.

Dane, Arif; Dogar, Cetin; Dane, Senol

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the relations between the hearing duration of the right and left ears, the sum of the monocular shifts of two eyes and non-verbal intelligence. Material and Methods: The study group included 36 male and 34 female students of the Ataturk University, Faculty of Erzincan Education, Department of Mathematics. The hearing duration of the left ear was higher among left-handed students than in the right handed ones, and as the left ear hearing duration increased the non-verbal intelligence point increased also. Results: A significant negative relationship was found between the sum of the monocular shifts of the two eyes and non-verbal intelligence point. Non-verbal intelligence point was higher in the left-handed subjects than in the right-handed ones. Conclusion: In the light of these results, we may suggest that nonverbal intelligence is associated with hearing duration and the sum of the monocular shifts of the two eyes.