Eroğlu, Hüseyin Avni; Beytut, Ebru

In this study, the effects of exogenic application of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia was determined in diabetics rats. The study included 60 Wistar albino rats aged 4-5 months. Rats were divided into 6 equal groups. The groups were control, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, diabetic, diabetic+60 mg/kg polysaccharides, diabetic+120 mg/kg polysaccharides and diabetic+10 mg/kg polysaccharide. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocine at the dose rate of 50 mg/kg. The rats were fed ad-libitum throughout the experiment. At the end of the study, we took some samples out of total oxidant and total antioxidant levels and measured them with the spectrophotometer; thereafter we used the auto-analyser to measure the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL cholesterol and pancreatic amylase. We examined the blood of diabetic fasting rats and the effect was that their glucose level was increased significantly. (p<0.05), nonetheless the dose of 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides did not reduce the blood glucose level (p>0.05). With the diabetic rats, the dose of 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides rides effected in the increase of serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and HDL cholesterol levels, although it was not a significant change (p>0.05), instead, we observed a statistically significant decrease of LDL cholesterol level (p<0.05). According to this study we concluded that polysaccharides effects in the decrease of hyperlipidaemia with regard to diabetes. During the study we applied Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides exogenously (60, 120, 180 mg/kg) and it did not affect the level of total antioxidant in diabetes significantly (p>0.05), however with a dose of 180 mg/kg the total oxidant level in pancreas and liver tissues was reduced significantly and has been considered as crucial fact. The collected data supported our view on histopathologic examination. Based on all the information, we used one type of fungus Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides which did not influence the blood glucose level in diabetes, whereas with regard to LDL and total oxidants it played a significant role in reducing its levels.

Arslan, Aynur; Ozcicek, Fatih; Cimen, Ferda Keskin; Nalkiran, Hatice Sevim; Gulaboglu, Mine; Cetin, Nihal; Coban, Taha Abdulkadir; Kuzucu, Mehmet

Objectives: We aimed to assess the effect of Hippophae rhamnoides extract (HR) on oxidative stress induced by cisplatin (Cis) in rat small intestine tissue by evaluating the biochemical and gene expression levels and histopathological changes. Materials and methods: The control group and Cis group received distilled water, while the HR25+cisplatin (HR25+Cis) group and the HR50+cisplatin (HR50+Cis) group were given HR 25 and 50 mg/kg, respectively, orally for seven days. HR25+Cis, HR50+Cis, Cis groups were injected with a single dose of intraperitoneal cisplatin on the first day. After sacrifice, the jejunum of each rat was removed for the assessment of oxidants and antioxidants. Analyses of the gene expression (for IL-1ß and TNF-α) and histopathological changes evaluated. Results: HR significantly inhibited the increase of oxidants and the decrease of antioxidants caused by cisplatin in the jejunal tissue. IL-1β and TNF-α gene expression levels were almost the same in both the HR50+Cis and the control groups. HR better prevented increase of the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in animals at 50 mg/kg dose compared to 25 mg/kg dose. We confirmed that HR prevented the histopathological changes caused by cisplatin. Conclusions: It was concluded that oxidative stress caused by cisplatin may be preventable by co-administered HR.

Ozer, Erdal; Taycan, Serap Erdoğan; Yildirim, Ali; Çelikel, Feryal Çam; Tetikçok, Ramazan; Gümüş, Burak

Objectives: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the data of the cases subjected to the sexual abuse/ assault and to compare various characteristics according to the age. Method: Information of the sexual abuse cases examined by the Psychiatry Department between September 2010-2011 was obtained retrospectively. Descriptive analysis was done and independent group’s rates were compared with chi-square test. Results: Fifty (62.5%) of the cases were under 18 and 30 (37.5%) of them were over 18 years old. The youngest case was 15 years old. In the group aged below 18 years the female: male ratio was 96%:4% and in the group aged over 18 years, it was 89.3%:10.7%. Under 18 years, 4 (8%) cases were married by religious ceremony only, 1 (2%) case had separated from the spouse of a religious marriage and 45 (90%) cases were single. Over 18 years, 9 cases (30%) were married, 15 (50%) were single and 4 (13.3%) were divorced. In both groups, the proportions of women were significantly higher than men. In both groups it was determined that the majority of the abusers were familiar persons. There was not any difference between the groups by means of the familiarity of the abuser, place where the incident occurred, type of the abuse and the diagnosis determined by the psychiatric examination after sexual abuse. Conclusion: It is important to determine that the women composed of the majority of the cases in both groups, abusers were generally familiar persons, boyfriend abuses were more prevalent in the adolescent group and there were several cases that had religious marriages in the adolescent group. More studies are needed in this field in order to maintain a standard evaluation of the sexual abuse cases and minimize the understanding and language differences between law enforcement and health care providers.