Kara, Ali Veysel; Şahin, Hilal; Doğan Akagündüz, Diğdem

Objective: Sarcopenia represents a frequent clinical condition in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis and is linked to adverse functional and health-related outcomes. Owing to its multifactorial nature, early identification of patients at risk remains challenging in routine practice. This study evaluated nutritional and inflammatory indicators associated with sarcopenia and their ability to identify patients with sarcopenia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 72 clinically stable adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis between August and September 2024. Sarcopenia was defined according to European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria, requiring low muscle strength and reduced muscle mass assessed by handgrip dynamometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and dietary energy and protein intake were assessed using 2 non-consecutive 24-hour recalls analyzed with BEBİS software. Serum albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were measured. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed. Results: Sarcopenia was identified in 18 patients (25%). Sarcopenic individuals had significantly lower protein and energy intake, lower serum albumin levels, and higher CRP concentrations than non-sarcopenic patients. In multivariable analyses, low protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day), inadequate energy intake (<25 kcal/kg/day), hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 g/dL), elevated CRP (>5 mg/L), and SGA category B/C were independently associated with sarcopenia, whereas adequate energy intake was inversely associated. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed acceptable discrimination for individual indicators, with the highest accuracy for serum albumin (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.77). A combined nutritional–inflammatory model integrating dietary intake, albumin, and CRP demonstrated the greatest discriminatory ability (AUC = 0.83). Conclusion: Routinely available nutritional and inflammatory indicators are closely associated with sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients. Their combined assessment may facilitate early identification of individuals with sarcopenia and support timely nutritional evaluation and intervention.

Mertoglu, Cuma; Kara, İlknur Sürücü; Dolğun, Ilke

Objective: This study aimed to examine and compare the data on nutritional parameters in children with specific language impairments. Methods: Children under 5 years of age who presented to the outpatient clinic with isolated speech delay and were diagnosed with a specific language disorder, along with a healthy control group, were evaluated. The hemoglobin, iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin D levels of the patients were recorded after normal values and deficiency limits were determined for each age group. Results: Of the 188 children, 94 were in the control group and 94 were in the patient group. The control group was the same age and gender as the patients. Seventy-one (75.5%) of the patients were male and 23 (24.5%) were female. The mean age was 2.70 ± 0.65; the median age was 2.66 (min-max: 1.50-3.92) years. The mean serum iron levels in the patient group (67.95 ± 41.86 μg/dL) were significantly lower than in the control group (81.59 ± 37.34 μg/dL) (P = .008). B12 deficiency was significantly higher in the patient group (30%) than in the control group (16%) (P = .037). Other nutritional parameters of the patient and control groups were similar Conclusion: Low iron levels and vitamin B12 deficiency may be effective factors in speech delay. It is impor- tant to the nutritional parameters for speech delay and to treat vitamin deficiencies if present.

Uğurlu, Adem; İçel, Erel; Taşlı, Nurdan Gamze

Amaç: Demir eksikliği anemisi (DEA) olan kadınlarda retina ve koroid kalınlıklarını artmış derinlikli optik koherens tomografi (EDI-OKT)\rile değerlendirmek ve sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır.\rYöntemler: DEA olan üreme çağındaki 40 kadın hasta ve 40 sağlıklı kadın kontrol grubu olarak çalışmaya alındı. Serum hemoglobini\r(Hb), serum demiri, ferritin ve ortalama korpüsküler hacmi (OKH) içeren laboratuvar verileri kaydedildi. Tüm çalışma katılımcıları için\rortalama peripapiller retina sinir lifi tabakası (pRSLT) kalınlıkları, merkezi retina kalınlığı (MRK) ve EDI-OKT ile foveal bölgede, 500 µm\rnazal ve temporal yönlerde koroid kalınlığı (KK) analiz edildi.\rBulgular: Yaş, göz içi basıncı (GİB), santral kornea kalınlığı (SKK) ve aksiyel uzunluk (AU) açısından hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında\ranlamlı fark izlenmedi. (P > ,05) Ortalama MRK sırasıyla kontrol ve hasta gruplarında 238,4 ± 32,1 µm [201-276] ve 233,9 ± 29,9 µm idi\r[203-268] (P = ,259). Sağlıklı kontrollerde ortalama KK 295,5 ± 45,9 µm [245-339] iken DEA’li hastalarda 271.9 ± 41.3 µm [230-319]\ridi (P < ,001). Hasta grubunda ortalama pRNFL kalınlığı anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (P < ,001, 128,4 ± 12,5 µm vs. 107,8 ± 13,9 µm).\rSerum Hgb, demir, MCV, ferritin değerleri ile pRSLT ve KK arasında pozitif korelasyon bulundu (P < ,001). Hematolojik sonuçlar ile\rortalama yaş, MRK, GİB, SKK ve AU ölçümleri arasında korelasyon bulunmadı.\rSonuç: DEA’lı kadınlarda koroid kalınlığı sağlıklı kontrollere kıyasla önemli ölçüde daha inceydi. DEA’li hastalarda önemli oküler bozukluklar, özellikle iskemik değişiklikler meydana gelmeden önce koroid kalınlığı değişiklikleri görülebilir.