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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026What Changed in Post-Earthquake Reinforced Concrete Damage in Türkiye? A Comparative Study from 1992 (Erzincan) to 2023 (Malatya)
Turan, Ahmet İhsan; Çelik, Alper
This study presents a damage-based comparative assessment of reinforced concrete buildings affected by the 1992 Erzincan earthquake (Mw 6.8) and the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake sequence (Pazarcık, Mw 7.7; Elbistan, Mw 7.6), two destructive earthquake events in Türkiye separated by nearly three decades. A distinctive contribution of the study is the presentation of original color photographs from the 1992 Erzincan earthquake, systematically documented and comparatively evaluated for the first time and directly compared with post-earthquake field observations from Malatya following the 2023 earthquake sequence. To complement the field-based evidence, representative strong ground motion records from both earthquake events were processed and compared using standard seismic intensity and spectral response parameters. The spectral evaluation indicates that the 1992 Erzincan ground motion and the 2023 Elbistan-related motion recorded in Malatya imposed comparable seismic demands relevant to typical reinforced concrete buildings, thereby providing a rational basis for cross-event damage interpretation. Despite substantial advances in Turkish seismic design codes, recurrent damage mechanisms were observed in both building stocks, particularly soft-story formation, short-column effects, inadequate transverse reinforcement, poor beam–column joint performance, and deficiencies in material quality and detailing. The findings demonstrate that seismic safety cannot be improved through code development alone unless design provisions are consistently translated into construction quality, detailing practice, inspection, and field implementation.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2026Seismic Performance and Nonlinear Flexural Behavior of Corroded Reinforced Concrete Columns: An Analytical and Parametric Study
Çelik, Alper; Turan, Ahmet İhsan; Yalciner, Hakan; Kumbasaroglu, Atila
This study presents an analytical investigation and a parametric evaluation of the structural behavior and seismic performance of highly corroded reinforced concrete (RC) columns, based on previously conducted experimental studies by the authors. In the analytical phase, moment–curvature relationships were obtained by considering the deterioration of the mechanical properties of both concrete and reinforcing steel due to corrosion in RC column specimens. By linking the sectional moment–curvature response with the element-level behavior observed in the experimental program, the plastic hinge lengths and rotational capacities of the corroded RC columns were determined. Subsequently, a parametric study was carried out using the analytical framework developed in the first phase on a set of 48 RC column models. In this investigation, axial load ratio, concrete compressive strength, corrosion level, section type, and concrete cover depth were considered as key parameters. The results of the combined experimental and analytical investigations demonstrate that the adopted section analysis approach successfully captures the nonlinear flexural behavior observed in the corroded specimens and provides a reliable basis for evaluating the structural performance and for supporting the assessment of seismic performance of deteriorated RC columns.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Masonry Materials Under Compressive Loading: Experimental and Numerical Study
Çelik, Alper; Anil, Ozgur; Mercimek, Omer; Akkaya, S. Tuna; Turan, A. Ihsan
Masonry structures are buildings whose load-bearing system consists of vertical walls made of different units such as bricks, aerated concrete or natural stones. Masonry structures are quite common because they can be built quickly and economically with the use of local materials without requiring skilled labor. In the design of masonry structures and in the analyses of existing masonry structures, it is very important to determine the mechanical properties of the material accurately and to use them in the calculation models created with the micro model technique. In this study, the mechanical behaviour of hollow brick, clay brick and aerated concrete masonry units under uniaxial compressive loading was investigated experimentally for the purpose of masonry analysis. Using the experimental results, the concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model is proposed for the clay-based brick material for applications to be analysed by micro modelling technique in finite element software. The method used in the study will provide light for experimental studies to be carried out to determine the mechanical properties of different types of masonry units and to reflect them to the analysis models.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Investigation of the Earthquake Behavior of Historical Erzincan Çadurcu Bath and the Reasons for Its Persistence Until Today
Güncü, Arzu; Soyluk, Asena; Çelik, Alper; Mutlu, Erkan Okay
In this study, the earthquake behaviour of the historical cadurcu Bath in Erzincan, which is located on the North Anatolian Fault, the most active fault line of Turkey, was investigated. This historical masonry structure has preserved its structural integrity despite being exposed to two earthquakes of magnitude 7.8 in 1939 and 6.7 in 1992. In accordance with the architectural survey studies, the historical building was modelled. According to the results of response spectrum analysis, stress and displacement distributions and modal characteristic parameters of the structure were evaluated. When the analysis results of the models created with the solid model technique and the shell model technique are compared, it is concluded that the shell modelling technique is safe in such studies, considering the analysis time and modelling difficulty. According to the results of the analyses, considering the stress distribution in the historical building elements, it is seen that the configuration characteristics of historical masonry structures are important in earthquake resistance like other building systems.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Retrofitting of squat RC column by using TRM strip under axial load
Mercimek, Ömer; Çelik, Alper; Ghoroubi, Rahim; ANIL, Özgür
This study investigates the retrofitting of reinforced concrete columns with TRM strips. Seventeen test specimens were produced, and one was chosen as a reference test specimen. Damaged by loading up to 50% of their maximum axial load-carrying capacity test specimens were retrofitted with two different carbon textiles. In addition to the textile type, TRM strip width, strip spacing, and the use of anchors were determined as experimental variables. Maximum bearing capacity, displacement at bearing capacity, initial stiffness, displacement ductility ratio, and energy consumption capacity were calculated using the axial load-displacement graphs obtained from the experimental study. Depending on the obtained results, the effects of experimental variables on the behavior of damaged reinforced concrete columns were interpreted and compared. It has been determined that the retrofitting method presents very successful results. It has been observed that the fan-type anchor, which is rarely used in literature studies, significantly increases the maximum bearing capacity and energy consumption capacity values of test specimens. Finally, the experimental results were compared with those obtained from the numerical models created by the ABAQUS finite element software.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Moment-Carrying Capacities of Reinforced Concrete Frame Systems Corroded by Accelerated Corrosion Method; [Hızlandırılmış Korozyon Yöntemiyle Paslandırılan Betonarme Çerçeve Sistemlerinin Moment-Taşıma Kapasitelerinin Deneysel ve Analitik İncelenmesi]
Turan, Ahmet İhsan; Ayaz, Yaşar; Yalçıner, Hakan; Kumbasaroğlu, Atila; Çelik, Alper
Technical investigations carried out after the devastating earthquakes in Turkey in the last 25 years show that one of the main causes of damage to reinforced concrete structures is reinforcement bar corrosion. The deterioration caused by reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete elements reduces the parameters that define the performance level of the structure, such as ductility, stiffness, bond-slip relationship, load carrying capacity, and energy absorption capacity. Therefore, determining the specified performance levels of reinforced concrete structures exposed to corrosion before any seismic activity occurs is of great importance in preventing loss of life and property. Cross-section behavior in reinforced concrete structures represents the load-bearing element behavior In order to accurately determine the section behavior, the Moment-Curvature relationship must be defined. In this study, the structural behavior of reinforced concrete frames exposed to corrosion was examined experimentally and analytically. For this purpose, 4 of the 5 reinforced concrete frame specimens constructed were corroded at different ratios using the accelerated corrosion method. After the corrosion process was completed, in the experimental part of the study, all specimens were tested under the effect of a 20% constant axial load and reversal-cyclic loading. In the analytical study, as a result of the cross-sectional analyzes carried out by taking into account the material-mechanical properties changing with the effect of corrosion, it was determined that the calculated moment values were in high predicted with the experimentally measured moment values.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2019Eşdeğer Deprem Yükü Yöntemi Kullanılarak Tarihi Bir Yığma Yapının Sismik Performans Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi
Çelik, Alper; Kumbasaroglu, Atila
Tarih boyunca Anadolu toprakları, birçok medeniyete ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Bu sebeple ülkemizde tarihiyapılar azımsanmayacak sayıdadır. Bununla birlikte ülkemizin, aktif deprem kuşağı içerisinde yer almasısebebiyle birçok tarihi yapı, meydana gelen depremlerden zarar görmüş veya yıkılmıştır. Kültür mirasıaçısından önem arz eden tarihi yapılarımızın, gelecek kuşaklara güvenle aktarılabilmesi için sismikperformans seviyelerinin doğru ve hızlı bir şekilde belirlenerek gerekli müdahalelerin yapılması oldukçaönemlidir. Çalışma kapsamında örnek olarak ele alınan Tarihi Yanıkoğlu Camisinde yapılan ölçümler vegözlemlere dayalı olarak yapının analitik modeli oluşturulmuştur. Yapı konumuna özel olarak seçilen depremspektrumları ile eşdeğer deprem yükü hesaplanmıştır. Yapının kendi ağırlığı ve hesaplanan deprem kuvvetlerialtında yapılan analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara bağlı olarak yapının sismik performans düzeyi 2017 yılındaVakıflar Genel Müdürlüğünce yayımlanan Tarihi Yapılar İçin Deprem Risklerinin Yönetimi Kılavuzuna görebelirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile tarihi yığma yapıların sismik performanslarının değerlendirilmesinde eşdeğerdeprem yükü yöntemi kullanılarak pratik bir yaklaşım ortaya konulmuştur.
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