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- ArticleAçık Erişim2024Impact of virtual inertia and damping control on stability delay margins of load frequency control systems with renewable energy sources
Hasen, Suud Ademnur; Aydın, Ömer; Ayasun, Saffet; Sönmez, Şahin
The utilization of communication linkages generates delays that degrade system dynamic performance and cause fluctuations in the system frequency while the extensive integration of renewable energy sources may cause further increase in the frequency oscillations owing to low inertia. By considering the inclusion of the virtual inertia and damping (VID) control in load frequency control (LFC) systems with time delays, this article investigates the impacts of the VID control on the stability delay margins (SDMs) of two-area LFC systems. For this purpose, an exact method, which is based on recursively removing exponential terms from the characteristic equation, is first implemented to compute SDMs of the two-area LFC system enhanced by VID control for a wide range of controller gains. Secondly, the effect of the VID parameters on the SDMs is investigated by employing the exact method. Theoretical results clearly illustrate that SDMs significantly increase as VID parameters increase. Furthermore, simulation analysis elucidates that with the VID incorporation, the performance of the LFC system with low inertia is enhanced and the rate of change of the frequency and frequency nadir are remarkably decreased, improving the stability of time-delayed LFC systems.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Conference ObjectYalnız künye2023Robust Stability Region for Time-Delayed Single-Area LFC-EV System
Aydin, Omer; Hasen, Suud Ademnur; Ayasun, Saffet
The share of renewable energy sources (RES) in power systems is rising due to environmental concerns. This increment leads to the lack of inertia and insufficient damping which pose a significant threat for frequency stability and dynamic performance of load frequency control (LFC) systems. Various methods have been employed to overcome this drawback. One of these is the utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) for frequency regulation. Furthermore, in practice, systems do not always operate under identical conditions. Therefore, parametric uncertainties should be considered in controller design. This paper applies Kharitonov's theorem and stability boundary locus method to determine a set proportional-integral (PI) controller gains defined as a robust stability region that ensures the stability of the time-delayed LFC system with EV aggregator having uncertainties in system parameters. The impacts of the level of uncertainties and time delay on the robust stability region are investigated. Results indicate that robust stability regions shrink as the level of uncertainties and time delay increase.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023The Effect of Virtual Inertia and Damping Control on the Stability Region of Load Frequency Control Systems with Time Delays
Hasen, Suud; Aydın, Ömer; Ayasun, Saffet; Sönmez, Şahin
This article examines the effect of virtual inertia and damping (VID) control on the stability regions of time-delayed load frequency control (LFC) systems. Because of the substantial integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the utilization of an open communication network for sending/receiving data and control signals, the system inertia significantly decreases, and inevitable delays are observed, both of which adversely affect the controller performance and frequency stability. For improving the stability of LFC systems including RES and delays, this study proposes the integration of the VID control and determines stability regions using the method of stability boundary locus. The regions’ boundaries are substantiated by time-domain simulations and a quasi-polynomial mapping-based root finder (QPmR) algorithm. A wide-ranging evaluation of the VID coefficients’ effects on the stability region and the system’s frequency response are presented. Results evidently divulge that with the integration of the VID control, stability regions get larger, the frequency dynamic is improved, and unstable LFC systems with delays are stabilized.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Conference ObjectYalnız künye2023Design of an Optimal PI Controller for Time-Delayed Two-Area LFC-VID System
Hasen, Suud Ademnur; Aydin, Omer; Ayasun, Saffet
Growing deployment of renewable energy sources (RES) may lead to oscillations in the system frequency caused by reduced inertia, while communication networks generate time delays that might jeopardize system dynamic performance and induce additional frequency fluctuations. This paper presents the optimization of Proportional Integral (PI) controller gains in a time-delayed two-area load frequency control (LFC) system with virtual inertia and damping (VID). Optimization techniques such as Crow Search Algorithm (CSA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Vortex Search Algorithm (VSA), and Sine-Cosine Algorithm (SCA) are used to optimize the PI controller gains to obtain best frequency performance of the system. In all algorithms, the integral square error (ISE) objective function is employed during the optimization process. Results are confirmed via time-domain simulations in Matlab/Simulink.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Conference ObjectYalnız künye2023Heuristic Optimization of PI Controllers for Time-Delayed LFC-EV Systems
Aydin, Ömer; Hasen, Suud Ademnur; Ayasun, Saffet
This study proposes an optimization method for the proportional-integral (PI) controller gains of a single-area time-delayed load frequency control system with electric vehicles (LFC-EV). Four heuristic algorithms are used to optimize the PI controller gains: crow search algorithm (CSA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), vortex search algorithm (VSA), and sine-cosine algorithm (SCA). The integral square error (ISE) objective function is used in the optimization process for all algorithms. Finally, a time-domain simulation of the LFC-EV system is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. The optimized PI controller gains exhibited superior performance compared to randomly selected gains, leading to decreased oscillations and faster settling times, as evidenced by the results.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Conference ObjectYalnız künye2022Delay Margin Computation of Generator Excitation Control System with Incommensurate Time Delays Using Critical Eigenvalue Tracing Method
Aydin, Omer; Sonmez, Sahin; Ayasun, Saffet
This study investigates the effect of incommensurate time delays on the stability of the generator excitation control system. Unlike studies in the literature, the delay-dependent stability analysis is performed for cases where time delays in the feedback and feedforward loops of the generator excitation control system are independent of each other. The delay margin values are calculated by using the eigenvalue tracing method. The technique obtains critical eigenvalues on the imaginary axis in line with the eigenvalue loci of a transformation matrix in order to obtain stability regions in a two-dimensional delay space. It is found that the stability of the generator excitation control system deteriorates for delays outside the stability region. The accuracy of stability boundary is verified by time-domain simulations and Quasi-Polynomial Mapping Based Rootfinder (QPmR) algorithm.
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