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- ArticleAçık Erişim2025Assessment of the Susceptibility of Grapevine Genotypes in the Eastern Anatolia Region Genetic Resource Plot to Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator) Under Natural Infection Conditions
Pinar, Hasan; Yildirim, Nalan; Bozkurt, Abdurrahim; Geçim, Tevhit
Powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe necator is an economically important disease of grape varieties of the Vitis vinifera species worldwide. The use of resistant grape varieties in the control of the disease is extremely important for human and environmental health. In this study, the tolerance levels of 203 local cultivars, two tolerant (Regent and Kishmish Vatkana) and two sensitive (Karaerik and Italia) cultivars collected within the scope of the Eastern Anatolia Region Grapevine Genetic Resources Project were determined against the pathogen Erysiphe necator under natural conditions. A visual scale based on sporulation density and necrosis formation on the leaves was used for evaluation and four vines were evaluated for each genotype. The colonisation rate on the surface of the leaves was determined according to the scale values between 0-7. The severity of the disease was calculated based on the lesions on the leaves and the susceptibility of the genotypes was determined. As a result of the study, 3 of the genotypes were highly resistant (HR), 44 were resistant (R), 68 were susceptible (S) and 88 were highly susceptible (HS) in terms of powdery mildew disease severity. Among these genotypes, 50 out of 197 genotypes belonging to Vitis vinifera species and all Vitis labrusca genotypes showed tolerance below 30% in terms of disease severity. Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (Sarmalık Üzüm) was classified as susceptible with a disease severity of 37.99%. In the study, V. vinifera showed more sensitivity than other species. The most resistant genotype was Izabelle-1 (3.88%) and the most susceptible genotype was Beyaz Üzüm S1 (90.07%).
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Essential oils in post-harvest disease management: Metabolic impact on Narince (Vitis vinifera L. cv) grapes against Botrytis cinerea
Kaya, Ozkan; Bozkurt, Abdurrahim; Karakus, Sinem; Daler, Selda; Yilmaz, Turhan; Turan, Metin
There is an urgent need for alternative, environmentally friendly post-harvest disease management solutions because of the growing concern over the use of chemical fungicides in agriculture and their detrimental impact on human health and the environment. This study examines the effects of thymol, eugenol, and 1,8-cineole essential oils on the sugar, organic acid, and amino acid profiles of 'Narince' grape berries as well as their effectiveness against gray mold (Botrytis cinerea). Our study has noted that the application of EOs, particularly eugenol, significantly alters the metabolic profile of 'Narince' grapes, enhancing sugar content and modifying the levels of organic acids and amino acids, which suggests a potential for improving grape quality and resistance to Botrytis cinerea. The combined use of eugenol with other EOs and fungicides, as indicated by the treatments OF and OSF, not only displayed a synergistic effect in elevating the concentration of key metabolites but also appeared to be more effective in combating fungal infection compared to individual EO applications. The PCA analysis and subsequent heatmap visualization revealed distinct metabolic clustering among the treatments, with combined EO treatments, especially those including eugenol, markedly influencing the amino acid profile of the berries. Our investigation's results suggest that EOs may offer a viable, eco-friendly alternative to traditional fungicides. Our study also adds to the body of knowledge supporting the advancement of integrated pest management strategies that are efficacious yet environmentally considerate, aligning with the global shift towards more sustainable practices in agriculture and food security.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Essential oil compounds modulate nutritional quality and stress response in Botrytis cinerea-infected grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Karaerik’)
Kaya, Ozkan; Bozkurt, Abdurrahim; Karakus, Sinem; Daler, Selda; Yilmaz, Turhan
Grapes, rich in vitamins and minerals, could offer a healthy alternative. However, their potential contamination by the fungus Botrytis cinerea poses serious health risks, necessitating cautious consumption, particularly among those on restricted diets, to mitigate adverse effects. Therefore, the study investigated the effects of individual and combined application of individual components of essential oils (EOs) such as thymol, eugenol, and 1,8-cineole on various parameters such as antioxidant enzymes, mineral elements, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds in the treatment of B. cinerea infection in 'Karaerik' grapes. Our study provided important information about physiology and pathogen response, and results indicated that the pathogen-infected groups had higher levels of oxidative stress indicators, such as proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). On the other hand, EOs elevate the activity of antioxidant enzymes, notably superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), whereas thymol treatments effectively reduced oxidative stress to levels comparable to the control group. Under thymol and eugenol treatments, nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), boron were significantly higher than the control groups. Increases were also determined in the concentrations of mineral elements such as (B) and copper (Cu). Anthocyanin profiles were preserved by EO treatments, with combined EO applications yielding higher anthocyanin profiles percentages compared to individual treatments. In our results, there were notable differences in the overall quantities of phenolic compounds, and the combination of EO applications caused higher levels of phenolic compounds, especially in the groups that include the fungal infection. Overall, the study showed how effective EO treatments are at reducing B. cinerea infections and maintaining grape quality, which has significance for long-term disease control plans and maintaining berry quality in viticulture.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Understanding the impact of essential oils on grape metabolism and pathogen resistance: a study with a focus on Botrytis cinerea
Kaya, Ozkan; Karakus, Sinem; Bozkurt, Abdurrahim; Yilmaz, Turhan; Hajizadeh, Hanifeh Seyed; Turan, Metin
Background: The exploration of EOs and their impact on primary metabolites in agricultural products, such as grapes, holds significant importance in the post-harvest preservation and enhancement of berry quality. Therefore, our research aimed to dissect the effects of various EO treatments on the biochemical composition of grapes, specifically examining alterations in sugar, organic acid, and amino acid levels. Results: Our findings highlighted that the OF treatment, a combination of Eugenol and Botrytis cinerea, significantly escalated sugar content, with remarkable increases in sucrose, glucose, and fructose compared to the control group. The SF treatment led to the highest levels of certain organic acids, including tartaric, butyric, and malonic acids, whereas the TO treatment prominently augmented amino acids such as tyrosine and phenylalanine. Utilizing PCA, our study effectively captured the variability within the treatment dataset, revealing distinct clusters of treatments and their correlations with specific metabolites. The PCA biplot underscored the influence of treatments on metabolic profile of grape berries, with treatments like OSF, TO, and TOSF demonstrating close associations with specific amino acids, suggesting positive correlations. Conclusion: Our current results indicate that EOs substantial influence on the metabolic profile of grapes, resulting in enhanced fruit quality and extended shelf life. Variations in sugar, organic acid, and amino acid levels among different EO treatments highlight their potential for improving post-harvest characteristics. To sum up, these findings are valuable for the agricultural and food industries, showcasing the utility of EOs as natural preservatives and enhancers in fruit cultivation and storage. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.)
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