The role of patterning skills in early mathematical development: an analysis of all dimensions of visual perception

In the early stages of mathematical development, the primary objective is to develop pattern recognition skills by mastering fundamental techniques like sorting and comparison. Numerous pattern structures, such as visual, auditory and spatial patterns, can be created. In this study, we examined the effects of PO-MEP, a pattern-focused mathematics education program for preschool children, on children’s visual perception. The “Pattern-Oriented Mathematics Education Program (PO-MEP)” was developed, and compatible original materials were designed. The program is structured around repeating and growing patterns. Its impact was assessed using a quasi-experimental design, including a pretest, posttest and follow-up test, and a control group. The results show that it had a statistically significant impact on the development of all sub-dimensions of visual perception: hand-eye coordination, figure-ground perception, form constancy, position in space, and spatial relationships. In sum, the program developed the children’s visual perception. Further research may be conducted using different methodologies and age groups to strengthen these findings. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.