Integrated risk management in construction project: utilizing NDSII-BMR and NDSII-BWR for time-cost-safety trade-offs

Purpose – This research introduces novel algorithms (NDS-II-BMR and NDS-II-BWR) that combine the simplicity of best-mean-random (BMR) and best-worst-random (BWR) approaches with the opting mechanisms of NDS-II. Design/methodology/approach – This study expands on earlier comparison assessments by adding a broader range of algorithms, including MOPSO, NSGAII, PESA2 and WOA, to provide a more comprehensive evaluation approach for the proposed NDSII-BMR and NDSII-BWR algorithms. In addition to typical performance measurements, this study utilizes sophisticated statistical validation through the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine the statistical significance of performance differences across this varied range of multi-objective optimization approaches. Findings – The results demonstrate the effectiveness of NDSII-BMR and NDSII-BWR in optimizing costs and decreasing safety risks while minimizing time efficiency. These outcomes underscore the applicability of these models for managing complex construction projects in real-world scenarios. Originality/value – This study employs multi-objective functions to minimize the total project time and cost while reducing overall safety risks. The proposed model integrates the NDS-II framework with innovative strategies, best-mean-random (BMR) and best-worst-random (BWR). © 2025 Emerald Publishing Limited