Phenolic compounds from Cotinus coggygria Scop. With alpha glucosidase inhibition

Diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by hyperglycemia, is one of the serious metabolic disorders. Inhibiting the key enzymes in digestion of dietary starch such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, is one of the methods in treatment of DM. Antidiabetic drugs that inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes have undesired side effects therefore, there is a huge interest in search of medicinal plants. Cotinus coggygria Scop. (Anacardiaceae) is used in Turkish folk medicine to treat DM. Therefore the bioguided fractionation and isolation studies were carried on C. coggygria. The ethyl acetate fraction possessed significative α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with 8.2 µg/mL IC50 value but no meaningful α-amylase inhibitory effect. Gallocatechin (1), methyl gallate (2), myricetin-3-O-α-rhamnoside (3), myricetin-3-O-β-galactoside (4) and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-β-glucose (5) were isolated from this active fraction. Compound 5 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with 1.5 µg/mL IC50 value, when compared to acarbose (IC50 = 3364.2 µg/mL) which used as positive control. © 2019 Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ankara (FABAD). All rights reserved.