Tas, Hakan Gokalp; Tas, Necip Gokhan; Kuyrukluyildiz, Ufuk; Zirh, Selim; Kurt, Nezahat

The purpose of this study is to see how molnupiravir affects I/R-induced damage of liver in rats. Three rat groups were used in the study: SG (n = 6), LIR (n = 6), and MIR (n = 6).Molnupiravir 40 mg/kg was given to MIR rats.A laparotomy was performed, as well as hepatic ischemia (1 hour) and reperfusion (6 hours). IL-1β, tGSH, NF-κB, MDA, TNF-α, and histopathology were all examined in liver tissue. ALT and AST levels were measured in blood samples. The LIR and MIR groups had higher NF-κB, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, ALT, and AST levels than the SG group.The greatest tGSH levels were seen in SG. The MIR group received the most damage, according to histopathological examinations. Molnupiravir, which is used to treat COVID-19 without causing liver damage, aggravates ischemia/reperfusion injury in stressed liver tissue. Molnupiravir should be used with caution in procedures such as liver transplantation or resection to avoid liver injury.

Yalcin, Ertan; Bayramoglu, Zeynep; Mammadov, Renad; Altuner, Durdu; Bulut, Seval; Yavuzer, Bulent; Mokhtare, Behzad; Coban, Taha Abdulkadir; Suleyman, Halis; Suleyman, Bahadir

Bevacizumab is the anticancer drug used as an anti-angiogenic inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. Bevacizumab causes toxicity by decreasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and increasing through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Male Albino Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups healthy (HG), bevacizumab administered (BVZ) and ATP+bevacizumab administered (ATP+BVZ). In the ATP+BVZ group, 25mg/kg ATP was injected between the mandibular gingiva and the bone. One hour after the application, 10 mg/kg bevacizumab was administrated intraperitoneally to the ATP+BVZ and BVZ groups. Two doses of bevacizumab were administered on the 1st and 15th days. ATP administration was continued once a day for 30 days. intoATP significantly prevented the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels and the decrease in total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in the mandible bone tissue. ATP alleviated the histopathological damage associated with bevacizumab.

Yilmaz, Canan Tuz; Suleyman, Bahadir; Mammadov, Renad; Bulut, Seval; Gursul, Cebrail; Yazici, Gulce Naz; Gulaboglu, Mine; Suleyman, Halis

SUMMARY. Alcohol consumption can have dramatic effects on organs and tissue cells, with kidneys being some of the most affected organs. This study investigates the effect of lycopene on ethanol-induced oxidative kidney damage in rats. Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups. The first group served as the healthy group (HG), receiving distilled water as a solvent; the second group was the ethanol group (EtON), receiving only ethanol; the third group received both lycopene and ethanol (LEt). While ethanol ad-ministration increased malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels, it caused a decrease in total glutathione (tGSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels. Also, ethanol caused histopathological damage to the kidney. It has been observed that lycopene inhibits ethanol-induced biochemical and histopathological changes in kidney tissue. Lycopene inhibited the change in the oxidant-anti-oxidant balance towards oxidants under ethanol treatment and prevented ethanol-associated kidney oxidative damage.

Isik, Bahar; Suleyman, Bahadir; Mammadov, Renad; Bulut, Seval; Yavuzer, Bulent; Altuner, Durdu; Gulaboglu, Mine; Suleyman, Halis

Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition from the therapeutic effects of NSAIDs and COX-1 inhibition from toxic effects are held responsible. It is known that nimesulide has formed a protective effect by inhibiting the decrease in COX-1 activity and the increase in COX-2 activity. In this study animals were divided into healthy (HG), paw-scalpel incision (PSI) control (PSIC), PSI+nimesulide (PSIN), PSI+ketorolac (PSIK), and PSI+nimesulide+ketorolac (PSI+NKC) administered groups. Nimesulide was administered orally(50 mg/kg), and ketorolac was administered intra-peritoneally(5 mg/kg). Nimesulide and ketorolac showed similar analgesia (p = 0.194), while NKC provided the best analgesia (p < 0.001). Nimesulide inhibited the increase of oxidant and COX-2 in gastric tissue and increased antioxidant and COX-1 levels, protecting the stomach tissue from ketorolac damage(p < 0.01). In addition, NKC reduced the area and number of ketorolac-induced gastric ulcers in the stomach (p<0.001). Nimesulide also prevented ketorolac-induced renal dysfunction (p < 0.001).

Dabanlioglu, Bulent; Suleyman, Bahadir; Mammadov, Renad; Coban, Taha Abdulkadir; Yazici, Gulce Naz; Akyuz, Sumeyye; Yavuzer, Bulent; Bulut, Seval; Suleyman, Halis

SUMMARY. Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen that can cause oxidative stress. Carvacrol has anti-microbial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. This study evaluated the antibacterial effect of carvacrol and its effect on liver damage by S. aureus. The rats were divided into four groups: con-trol(HG), S. aureus injected (SaG), S. aureus + carvacrol (SaC), and S. aureus + cefazolin (SaCF). S. aureus was injected intraperitoneally (ip) to the SaG, SaC and SaCF groups. 24 h after the injection, carvacrol was given to the SaC group and cefazolin to the SaCF group as ip. Carvacrol and cefazolin administration was continued for 7 days. According to our antibiogram results, although the antibacterial effect of carvacrol was weaker than cefazolin, it prevented the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), aminotransferase (ALT), aspar-tate aminotransferase (AST) and proinflammatory cytokines and the decrease of total glutathione (tGSH) better (p < 0.001). It also managed histopathological damage better than cefazolin. The results indicate that carvacrol may be helpful in the treatment of liver damage from infection.

Cicek, Ibrahim; Altuner, Durdu; Suleyman, Zeynep; Mammadov, Renad; Coban, Taha Abdulkadir; Gulaboglu, Mine; Yazici, Gulce Naz; Bayrakceken, Kemal; Suleyman, Halis

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is also known to cause ocular toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Carvacrol upon possible 5-FU-induced optic nerve damage in rats biochemically and histopathologically. In this study totally, eighteen albino Wistar male rats were used. The rats were grouped under three categories as the healthy (HG) (n=6), 100 mg/kg 5-FU treated alone (FUG) (n=6) and 50 mg/ kg Carvacrol+100 mg/kg 5-FU (CFU) groups (n=6). Carvacrol at 50 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (ip) to the CFU group. The same volume of 0.9% NaCl was administered as the solvent ip to HG and FUG groups. One hour after administrating Carvacrol and solvent, 100 mg/kg 5-FU was ip injected to CFU and FUG groups. Carvacrol was administered once daily for 10 days. Three-dose 5-FU was administered on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days as one dose each. On the 10th day, the animals were euthanised with high-dose anesthesia and optic nerve tissues were removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Interleukin (IL-6) levels were measured in optic nerve tissues. The tissues were also examined histopathologically. The results obtained from HG and CFU groups were compared with the FUG group. Significantly higher MDA and IL-6 levels (p < 0.001) and significantly lower (p < 0.001) tGSH, SOD, and CAT levels were determined in optic nerve samples of the FUG group rather than HG and CFU groups. In histopathological analyses, determined that astrocyte and oligodendrocyte nuclei were mostly darkly stained, the majority of astrocytes were hypertrophied and degenerated, and some oligodendrocytes were degenerated in the FUG group unlike HG and CFU groups. Moreover, the optic nerve tissue was determined to be vacuolized and intensely edematous, and blood capillaries were intensely dilated and congested. In conclusion, 5-FU caused optic neuropathy due to oxidative and inflammatory damage, and Carvacrol reduced this oxidative and inflammatory damage and histopathological changes in tissues. This revealed that Carvacrol was possibly to be efficient upon 5-FU-induced optic nerve toxicity.

Ekinci, Bilge; Suleyman, Bahadir; Mammadov, Renad; Cankaya, Murat; Yazici, Gulce Naz; Suleyman, Zeynep; Dal, Cagatay Nusret; Ergul, Emine Esra; Onk, Didem; Suleyman, Halis

The aim of the study to determine the effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and tocilizumab (TCZ) either alone or in combination on ethanol-induced neuropathic pain and peripheral neuropathy in rat nerve tissues, biochemically and histopathologically. Albino Wistar male rats were divided into five groups as the healthy (HG), ethanol alone (EtOH), TPP + ethanol (TPE), TCZ + ethanol (TCE), and TPP + TCZ + ethanol (TPTE) groups. TPE (n = 6), TCE (n = 6) and TPTE (n = 6) groups were injected with 20 mg/kg TPP, 8 mg/kg TCZ, and 20 mg/kg TPP+8 mg/kg TCZ intraperitoneally (respectively). Distilled water were given the HG (n = 6) and EtOH (n = 6) groups. One hour after the drugs and distilled water were administered, 35% ethanol was administered orally by lavage at a 5 g/kg dose to the TPE, TCE, TPTE, and EtOH groups. Paw pain thresholds of animals were measured using Basile Algesimeter. TPTE, which suppressed the decrease of the pain threshold with ethanol more significantly than TPP and TCZ. The best inhibitor of MDA increase and inhibit the reduction of tGSH by etanol was listed as TPTE > TPE > TCZ. The potency of suppressing the increase in cytokine production with ethanol was listed as TPTE > TCE > TPE. In conclusion, the results indicate that TPP+TCZ may be more beneficial than TPP and TCZ alone in treating ethanol-related neuro-pathic pain.

Dilber, Muhammet; Salcan, Ismail; Suleyman, Bahadir; Mammadov, Renad; Altuner, Durdu; Aggul, Ahmet G.; Esen, Mehtap; Bulut, Seval; Suleyman, Zeynep; Yavuzer, Bulent

Everolimus is a drug within the class of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR). The most widespread side effect observed is oral mucositis.Thymoquinone is a phenolic compound obtained antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of thymoquinone against oral toxicity that may develop due to everolimus in rats. Albino Wistar male rats were divided into healthy(HG), everolimus(EVR), thymoquinone(TQG) and thymoquinone+everolimus(TQE) groups. Thymoquinone (20 mg/kg) was administered to the TQG and TQE groups orally. One h after, TQE and EVR groups were given everolimus to (2 mg/kg) the stomach. This procedure was repeated once a day for four weeks. After 4 weeks, animals were euthanized, tongue and cheek tissues were examined biochemically and histopathologically. Thymoquinone prevented the increase of oxidant and proinflammatory cytokines and the decrease of antioxidants in the tongue and cheek tissues of animals, and also reduced the histopathological damage.

Disli, Zeliha Korkmaz; Acun Delen, Leman; Tas, Hakan Gokalp; Kuyrukluyildiz, Ufuk; Disli, Olcay Murat; Yazici, Gulce Naz; Coban, Abdulkadir; Suleyman, Halis

The metabolite of desflurane has been linked to hepatotoxicity. Carvacrol possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and spasmolytic properties, according to research. Our goal is to demonstrate that carvacrol protects rats’ livers against repeated doses of desflurane. Healthy (HG), desflurane (DS), and carvacrol + desflurane treatment (CDS) groups were formed from 18 albino male Wistar rats. A single dosage of carvacrol and 6% desflurane was given for 2 h on the 0th and 8th days. In the CDS group, the ALT and AST, MDA, TOS, NF-xB, TNF-α IL1 β levels were lower compared to the DS group (p < 0.001). The tGSH,TAS levels were found to be higher in the CDS group compared to the DS group (p < 0.001). It was determined that the mean degeneration level, Kupffer cell activation and PMNL infiltration were found to be lower compared to the DS group (p < 0.05).We confirmed that carvacol can be used in the treatment of desflurane-related liver injury.

Ozyurt, Ramazan; Suleyman, Halis; Dinc, Kemal; Yildiz, Sevler; Coban, Taha Abdulkadir; Bulut, Seval; Suleyman, Zeynep; Altuner, Durdu; Keskin, Deha Denizhan; Keskin, Seda

Typical and atypical antipsychotics may cause subfertility through oxidative stress in reproductive cells and endocrine axis. This experimental study was designed to determine the effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatment on oxidative stress markers and hyperprolactinemia in subfertility due to antipsychotics. A total of 54 Albino Wistar female rats were divided into nine groups as the healthy (HG), haloperidol (HPL), olanzapine (OLZ), clozapine (CLZ), aripiprazole (ARZ), ATP+haloperidol (ATP+HPL), ATP+olanzapine(ATP+OLZ), ATP+clozapine (ATP+CLZ) and ATP+aripiprazole (ATP+ARZ) groups. ATP was injected intraperitoneally (ip) at a dose of 25 mg/kg to animals in ATP+HPL, ATP+OLZ, ATP+CLZ, and ATP+ARZ groups. HG, HPL, OLZ, CLZ, and ARZ groups were given the same volume of distilled water via ip. One hour after administration of drugs and solvent, haloperidol (2 mg/kg) for ATP+HPL and HPL groups, olanzapine (2 mg/kg) for ATP+OLZ and OLZ groups, clozapine (20 mg/kg) for ATP+CLZ and CLZ groups and aripiprazole (3 mg/kg) for ATP+ARZ and ARZ groups was given orally to by gavage. This procedure was repeated once a day for 15 days. After this period, blood samples were taken for oxidant, antioxidant and prolactin measurement and the animals were kept with mature male rats for one month for breeding. The degree of oxidative stress, hyperprolactinemia and subfertility caused by antipsychotics were found to be haloperidol, olanzapine, clozapine, aripiprazole, in order of frequency. ATP administration reversed the increase in oxidants markers and the decrease of antioxidants significantly. ATP administration prevents subfertility due to antipsychotic drugs.