Yildiz, Sevler; Kiliçaslan, Asli Kazgan; Emir, Burcu Sirlier; Ugur, Kerim; Kilic, Faruk

Objective: It is known that inflammation plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we examined high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and Beclin 1 levels and their relationship with clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia. Method: Forty-three patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients were administered sociodemographic data form, the Positive Negative Symptoms Assessment Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. After the scales were filled, venous blood samples were taken from both the patient and control groups to measure serum HMGB1 and Beclin 1 levels. Serum samples obtained at the end of centrifugation were measured by Enzyme -Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: The mean serum HMGB1 levels were significantly increased and the mean serum Beclin 1 levels were significantly decreased in the schizophrenia group compared to the control group. In addition, a negative correlation was found between HMGB1 and Beclin 1 levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, current research shows that HMGB1 is increased and Beclin 1 is decreased in patients with schizophrenia, and these findings may contribute to the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Yildiz, Sevler; Keleş, Fikret; Kazgan Kılıçaslan, Aslı; Keleş, Denizhan Danacı

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Yildiz, Sevler; Akkus, Mustafa; Kefeli, Mehmet Celal; Şimşek, Meltem Hazel

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Aşılar, Rabia Hacıhasanoğlu; Buzlu, Sevim; Erdiman, Sezgin; Camcıoğlu, Tuba Hale; Yildirim, Arzu; Ekinci, Mine

Amaç: Bu çalışma şizofreni hastalarının ailelerine uygulanan aileden ai- leye destek programının hastalık hakkında bilgi, aile yükü ve öz yeterli- lik üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma DSM-IV-TR ölçütlerine göre şizofreni tanısı alan ve ayaktan izlenen 34 hastanın yaşamında anahtar rol üstlenen 34 hasta yakını ile yürütülmüştür. Gönüllü bir aile üyesine programın amacı, içeriği ve planlanması konularında eğitim verilmiştir. Eğitim alan aile üyesi psikiyatri hemşiresinin de katılımı ile diğer aile üyelerine eğitim vermiştir. Eğitim haftada bir olmak üzere toplam 12 oturumda tamam- lanmıştır. Veriler, Hastalık Bilgi Formu (HBF), Algılanan Aile Yükü Öl- çeği (AAYÖ) ve Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği (ÖYÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Bulgular: AAYÖ nesnel (11,76±3,89dan 9,82±4,03e, p=0,000), öznel (37,85±14,57den 32,74±4,39a, p=0,030) ve toplam (49,62±18,25den 42,56±7,56ya, p=0,005) puanlarında anlamlı bir düşme, ÖYÖ (82,65 ±12,01den 97,79±7,17ye, p=0,000) puanlarında anlamlı bir artış belir- lenmiştir. Eğitim öncesinde şizofreninin bir beyin hastalığı olduğu, ilaç tedavisinin mutlaka uygulanması gerektiği sırasıyla %58,8 ve %94,1 oranlarında doğru, hastalıkla ilgili büyüsel atıflar %55,9 oranında yanlış olarak yanıtlanırken, eğitim sonrasında doğru ve yanlış oranları %100 olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Ülkemizde uygulanan aileden aileye destek programı ailelerin bilgi gereksiniminde ve yükünde azalmada, öz yeterliliklerinde artma- da etkili bulunmuştur.

Yildirim, Arzu; Buzlu, Sevim; Hacihasanoglu Asilar, Rabia; Camcioglu, Tuba Hale; Erdiman, Sezgin; Ekinci, Mine

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of family-to-family support programs provided for the families of schizophrenic patients on the need for information about the illness, family burden and self-efficacy Method: The study was carried out with 34 relatives who have key rolesin the lives of 34 outpatients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia under DSM-IV-TR. A volunteering family member was given training about the purpose, contents and planning of the program. Thefamily member who had been trainedthen extended this training to other family members with the assistance of the psychiatric nurse. The training was done once a week, for atotal of 12 sessions. The data were collected using a Disease Information Form (DIF), the Perceived Family Burden Scale (PFBS) and the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES). Results: There was a significant decrease in the PFBS objective scores (from 11.76 +/- 3.89 to 9.82 +/- 4.03, p=0.000), subjective scores (from 37.85 +/- 14.57 to 32.74 +/- 4.39, p=0.030) and total scores (from 49.62 +/- 18.25 to 42.56 +/- 7.56, p=0.005) and a significant increase in the SESS scores (from 82.65 +/- 12.01 to 97.79 +/- 7.17, p=0.000). Before training, 58.8% of family members correctly answered that schizophrenia is a brain disease, while 94.1% correctly stated that,it must be treated with medicadon;however, 55.9% of caregivers incorrectly believed in magical attributions relating to the disease.After training, all caregivers were able to answer correctly. Conclusion: A family-to-family support program was found to be effective in reducing caregivers' need for information, reducing their burden, and increasing their self-efficacy in our country. Key Words: Schizophrenia, family-to-family support program, families, knowledge of the disease, family burden, self-efficacy

Durak Batigün, Ayşegül; Hisli Şahin, Nesrin; Karsli Demirel, Esra

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the role of self-perception, interpersonal style, and anger in the context of stress in patients with physical illnesses, including coronary artery disease, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatological disorders, and diabetes. Materials and Methods: The study sample included patients with physical illnesses (n = 124) and healthy controls (n = 209). Symptoms of stress, self-perception, interpersonal style, and anger were evaluated using the Stress Symptoms Scale, Social Comparison Scale, Interpersonal Style Scale, and Multidimensional Anger Questionnaire, respectively. The role of self-perception, interpersonal style, and anger in stress experienced in the patients and controls was compared. Results: The patients had higher stress symptoms, perceived themselves more negatively, had more problematic interpersonal styles, and more intense anger than the controls. The higher stress symptoms in the patients and the lower symptoms in the controls was predicted by 4 common variables3/4dissatisfaction with life, dissatisfaction with interpersonal relationships, negative self-perception, and aggressive expression of anger. Another predictive variable in the psychosomatic group was age, whereas in the control group gender and internalized anger were predictive variables. Conclusion: As the physical illnesses had by those in the patient group are stress-related, inclusion of psychosocial interventions in treatment protocols, such as communication skills, and stress and anger management training, and interventions aimed at increasing a positive self-perception might improve their QoL.