Özkara, Abdullah Bora; Senocak, Emre; Aydemir, Burakhan; Yılmaz, Duygu Sevinç; Kırkbir, Fatih

In this study examining the effects of joint position sense, reaction time, and hand–eye coordination on upper-extremity blocking performance in adolescent taekwondo athletes, 11 licensed athletes from the Trabzon Metropolitan Municipality Sports Club volunteered to participate. First, measurements of hand–eye coordination, joint position sense, and reaction time were obtained. Then, a competition simulation was conducted in which participants defended against a sequence of 20 attacks; the number of successful blocks was recorded on video. The video recordings were reviewed and scored by coaches with at least 10 years of experience. According to the Pearson correlation analyses, there was a strong positive association between the number of successful upper-extremity blocks and reaction time (r = 0.64, p = 0.03), and a strong negative association between joint position sense and block count (r = −0.61, p = 0.04). No relationship was found between hand–eye coordination and block count. Multiple regression results showed that joint position sense and reaction time together explained 45% of the variance in block performance, although neither variable alone was a significant independent predictor. These findings indicate that taekwondo blocking success is supported by a holistic set of factors. To improve defensive performance, training programs should be designed using sport-specific assessment methods, and it is recommended to incorporate light-based reaction drills to enhance reaction speed.

Ekinci, Hasan Buğra; Malli, Ahmet Yavuz; Seçer, Emrah

This study aims to elucidate the superstitious behavior tendencies of professional football players and club coaches. The research group consists of 22 football players and 9 football coaches selected through the "Criterion Sampling" method. The research is considered as basic qualitative research. These are qualitative research studies in which data are collected through documents, interviews, or observation analyses. The research design employed in this study is phenomenology (phenomenological research design) which is a qualitative research design. In this research, “Superstitious Belief” has been selected as the phenomenon and the meanings attributed to this phenomenon by football players and coaches are attempted to be revealed. Semi-structured interview forms have been prepared to identify the superstitious behavior tendencies of players and coaches. In this context, open-ended questions are asked to the participants to determine their superstitious behavior tendencies. The data obtained have been analyzed using the content analysis method. According to the findings, the Superstitious Behavior Tendency comprises a theme, a sub-theme, and six categories. Under the sub-theme of superstitious behavior tendencies among professional football players and coaches are the categories of Clothing-Appearance, Lucky Objects, Pre-match Ritual, In-match Behavior, Team Ritual, Faith and Prayer. The opinions of players and coaches regarding the questions prepared for this theme are presented. Word clouds have been created illustrating prominent codes under the identified categories based on data obtained from interviews with participants. In conclusion, beyond effective preparation and training phases for performance enhancement, it is discerned that some superstitious behavior tendencies exist among players, contributing to elevating their motivation and self-confidence to higher levels.

Ilhan, Ekrem Levent; Esentürk, Oguz Kaan; Gülsen, Dogukan Batur Alp; Yarayan, Yunus Emre; Arı, Çağrı

The aim of this research is to determine the determinative role of the emotional intelligence sub-dimensions (Assessing others emotions, evaluating their own emotions, regulating emotions, using social skills, use of emotion) in determining the levels of mental toughness of the athletes with disabilities. A total of 261 athletes from 165 disabled athletes (wheelchair basketball, amputee football, sitting volleyball, badminton), male (63.2%) (24.40±5.48 years old) and 96 female (36.0%) participated voluntarily. Within the scope of the research, information about socio-demographic variables was collected by the personal information form created by the researchers. To reach the purpose of the research; The Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire made by Altıntaş and Bayar (2015) and the Emotional Intelligence Inventory in Sport adapted to Turkish by Adiloğulları and Görgülü (2015) were used. In the analysis of the data, firstly, when the skewness and kurtosis values for the normality assumptions were examined, it was determined that the distribution was normal. In this direction correlation analysis to determine the relationship between variables, stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the power of independent variables in predicting dependent variables. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, it has been determined that the emotional intelligence levels of the athletes are important determinants of the mental toughness levels, and the analysis completed in three stages explains 56% of the variance.

Arslan, Yusuf Kemal; Eskici, Günay; Yarar, Hakan; Çolak, Mergül

Eating disorder has become an increasingly common problem among athletes. This study aims to determine eating disorder levels and risk factors of students studying sports education. This study was carried out on 1773 university students, 1084 (61.1%) of whom are female and 689 (38.9%) male, in the field of sports education in different provinces in Turkey. The information of the participants was collected with an individual information form and an Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). All EDEQ sub-dimension scores and the total score were found to be statistically significantly higher in males than in females (p <0.05) except for the restraint score. It was found that, as BMI (Body Mass Index) value increased, there was a statistically significant increase in all sub-dimensions of EDEQ and EDEQ total score (p<0.05). Eating concern and shape concern scores were found to be statistically higher in those who did not perform physical activities than those who performed physical activities (respectively; p=0.030, p=0.004). An increase in the EDE-Q score indicates an increased risk of eating disorders. It can be said that being a male, having a high BMI, and engaging in strength/power sports increase the risk of eating disorders in individuals who receive sports education.

Fidan, Murat; Eskici, Günay; Yarar, Hakan; Karahan, Sevil; Saraç, Osman Emir

Bu çalışmanın amacı; sporcularda kaslı olma dürtüsü (KOD) ve besinsel ergojenik destek ürünleri kullanımının incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya farklı spor branşlarında aktif spor yapan 440 erkek sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmada verileri “Kaslı Olma Dürtüsü Ölçeği ve “Besinsel Ergojenik Destek Ürünleri Kullanımı Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde, Kruskal Wallis-H test, One-Way Anova ve Pearson ki-kare testi kullanılmıştır. Sporcuların KOD ve alt boyutları olan; kaslı olmaya yönelik antrenman davranışları (KOAD), kaslı olmaya yönelik tutumlar (KOT) ile kaslı olmaya yönelik yeme ve takviye kullanımı (KOYTK) puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 43,2±12,3, 21,8±7,7, 43,2±12,3, 12,2±4,0 ve 9,1±3,9 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Besinsel ergojenik destek ürünlerine yönelik tutum ölçeğinde (BEDÜYTÖ) ise fayda, yan etkiler ve etik, doğal beslenme alt boyutlarına ilişkin puanlama ortalamaları sırasıyla 2,4±0,8, 3,5±0,8 ve 2,8±0,7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların eğitim düzeyi ile kaslı olmaya yönelik tutumları arasında istatistiksel olarak fark bulunmuştur. Ayrıca spor branşına göre ise KOAD, KOYTK, yan etkiler ve etik ile doğal beslenme alt boyutları puan ortalamaları incelendiğinde, birbiri arasında anlamlı farklar olduğu görülmektedir (p<0,05). KOD’nün KOT (0,869), KOAD (0,763) ve KOYTK (0,653) ile yüksek düzeyde, BEDÜYTÖ’nin fayda alt boyutuyla (0,266) zayıf düzeyde ve spor yapılan süre (0,236) ile negatif zayıf yönde bir ilişkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. KOD puanının erkeklerde, kuvvet/güç sporcularında, lise ve öncesi eğitim düzeyine sahip olanlarda daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sporcuların beslenme destek ürünleri kullanımında, “ürünlere erişim serbestliği ve doping etkisi olduğuna inanmak” nedenler arasındadır.

Sarı, İhsan; Onbaşı, Salim İbrahim; Karakaş, Esmanur

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between mental skills and emotional intelligence of athletes. 160 males 76.2%) and 50 females (23.8%) as a total of 210 athletes voluntarily participated in the research. Athletes’ age was 21.10±2.68, their sport experience was 8.22±4.21 years and the length of weekly total trainings was found to be 10.56±6.06 hours. The Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool and Emotional Intelligence Inventory in Sport were used as the data collection tool. Analyses were conducted in SPSS 22 program by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis with enter method. Pearson correlation analysis showed that all the dimensions of emotional intelligence were significantly correlated with goal-setting, self-confidence, commitment, relaxation, activation, focusing, imagery, mental practice and competition planning. Regression analysis showed that use of emotions significantly contributed to goal-setting, relaxation and imagery; appraisal of own emotions and use of emotions contributed to activation and mental practice; emotional regulation and use of emotions contributed to self-confidence; social skills contributed to focusing, social skills and use of emotions contributed to competition planning. It can be concluded in line with the finding of this research that athletes’ emotional intelligence was significantly correlated with mental skills and that emotional intelligence could contribute to mental skills of athletes. It can be suggested according to the findings that necessary practices can be performed to enhance athletes’ emotional intelligence which can in turn increase their mental skills. 

Bozyigit, Elif; Gürbüz, Bülent; Küçük Kılıç, Sonnur; Öncü, Erman

Bu araştırmada, “Sporcu Öğrenci Kariyer Farkındalığı Envanteri”ni (SÖKFE) Türkçeye uyarlayarak psikometrik özelliklerini incelemek ve bazı demografik değişkenlerle kariyer farkındalığı arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmaya, Türkiye’de farklı üniversitelerde öğrenim gören 285 sporcu-öğrenci katılmıştır. Sandstedt vd., (2004) tarafından geliştirilen SÖKFE, 30 madde ve 5 faktörden oluşmaktadır. İstatistiksel analizlerde açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri, Pearson korelasyon analizi yapılmış ve Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Bazı bağımsız değişkenlere göre envanterden elde edilen puanlar arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesinde de Pearson korelasyon analizi ve t testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Türkçeye uyarlanan envanter 15 madde ve 4 faktörden oluşmuştur. Geçerlik çalışması kapsamında yapılan korelasyon analizi sonuçları T-SÖKFE faktörleri arasında pozitif ve anlamlı ilişkiler olduğunu, güvenirlik katsayısı değerlerinin de envanterin güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir. Diğer değişkenlerle yapılan analizlerde milli sporcu-öğrencilerin kariyer gelişim engel algılarının daha yüksek olduğu, yaş ve sporculuk yaşı büyüdükçe kariyer gelişim öz-yeterliğinin arttığı araştırmada ulaşılan diğer sonuçlardır. Görece kısa bir ölçme aracı olan T-SÖKFE, eğitim yaşantıları boyunca sporcu-öğrencilerin kariyer farkındalıklarının nasıl değiştiğinin belirlenmesi gibi konularda araştırmacılara olanak sağlayacaktır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular, Türk üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören sporcu-öğrencilerin kariyer farkındalıklarının değerlendirilmesi için T-SÖKFE’nin uygulanabilirliğine başlangıç desteği sağlamaktadır. 

Ayvaz, Zühre

Irk ıslahı bilimi olarak tanımlanabilen öjeni, mükemmel ve üstün insan toplulukları meydana getirmeyi amaçlayan politikalar içermektedir. Dolayısıyla öjeni, bireylerin ve toplumun devlet tarafından yeniden biçimlendirildiği bir politikadır. Yirminci yüzyılda yayılmaya başlayan öjenik politikalar, genellikle sağlık, nüfus, beden terbiyesi ve spor alanlarında karşımıza çıkar. Türkiye’de öjenik uygulamalar erken Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi döneminde, İkinci Dünya Savaşı öncesinde görülse de öjenik eğilimlere geç Osmanlı döneminde rastlanılmaktadır. Çalışma Geç Osmanlı döneminde başlayan beden siyaseti ve öjenik eğilimlerin erken Cumhuriyet Türkiyesindeki beden terbiyesi ve spor konuları üzerine etkilerini içermektedir. Bu kapsamda resmî öjenik politikaların en açık bir kanıtı olan 3530 Sayılı Beden Terbiyesi Kanunu incelenmiştir. Bu kanun günümüz Türkiyesinin spor örgütlenmesinin de temeli kabul edilmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı beden terbiyesi ve spor alanlarında öjeni düşüncesinin, geç Osmanlı döneminden erken Cumhuriyet Türkiyesine gelişim seyrini ve Beden Terbiyesi Kanunu’nun öjenik boyutlarını ortaya koymaktır. Böylelikle erken Cumhuriyet Türkiyesinde öjenik spor politikaları okumalarının daha anlaşılır kılmak amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmanın yöntemi belirtilen dönemi kapsayan beden politikaları ve öjeni konularına dair çalışmalar üzerine yapılan bir literatür araştırmasına dayanmaktadır ve doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Geç Osmanlı ve erken Cumhuriyet dönemlerine dair aile, nüfus, spor, sağlık ve beden ile ilgili politika ve yasal düzenlemelerine ilişkin kitap, makale, tez vb. gibi belgeler veri kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca Beden Terbiyesi Kanunu’nun ruhunu ortaya koyan TBMM Zabıt Ceridelerinden bilhassa faydalanılmıştır. 

Demir, Gönül Tekkurşun; Türkeli, Anıl

This study aims to examine the exercise addiction and mental strength levels of students at the Sports Sciences Faculty, according to various variables. In this study designed according to quantitative research model, relational survey method was used. There were 248 participants in the study. "Personal Information Form", "Exercise Addiction Scale" (EAS) and "Mental Strength in Sport Inventory" (MSSI) were applied to the participants. T-test, One Way ANOVA, Post Hoc test statistics tests and Pearson Correlation test were used for data analysis. According to research findings, it was found that participants’ general exercise addiction levels were in the risk group and their mental strength levels were above the middle level. In the research, a high positively significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of "too much focus and emotion change", "postponement of individual-social needs and conflict", "tolerance development" and "passion”, and "trust" subdimension; a moderate negatively significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of "too much focus and emotion change", "postponement of individual-social needs and conflict", "tolerance development" and "passion”, "continuity" sub-dimension; a moderate negatively significant difference was found between the sub-dimensions of "too much focus and emotion change", "postponement of individual-social needs and conflict", "tolerance development" and "passion”, and "control" sub-dimension. Consequently, a significant relationship was found between exercise addiction and mental strength levels. The level of exercise dependence and mental resilience levels of the students of the sports sciences faculty did not differ significantly according to their age, department and monthly income; According to women, when the first class participants postpone their individual needs for exercise and they cannot wait more to do exercise, the risk of exercise addiction is higher with the 1st class participants giving themselves to exercise when they feel bad compared to 2nd grade and they recovered physically faster. It was concluded that the participants’ mental strength level differed according to gender and class, but there was no significant difference in terms of doing regular sports.