Pinar, Hasan; Yildirim, Nalan; Bozkurt, Abdurrahim; Geçim, Tevhit

Powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe necator is an economically important disease of grape varieties of the Vitis vinifera species worldwide. The use of resistant grape varieties in the control of the disease is extremely important for human and environmental health. In this study, the tolerance levels of 203 local cultivars, two tolerant (Regent and Kishmish Vatkana) and two sensitive (Karaerik and Italia) cultivars collected within the scope of the Eastern Anatolia Region Grapevine Genetic Resources Project were determined against the pathogen Erysiphe necator under natural conditions. A visual scale based on sporulation density and necrosis formation on the leaves was used for evaluation and four vines were evaluated for each genotype. The colonisation rate on the surface of the leaves was determined according to the scale values between 0-7. The severity of the disease was calculated based on the lesions on the leaves and the susceptibility of the genotypes was determined. As a result of the study, 3 of the genotypes were highly resistant (HR), 44 were resistant (R), 68 were susceptible (S) and 88 were highly susceptible (HS) in terms of powdery mildew disease severity. Among these genotypes, 50 out of 197 genotypes belonging to Vitis vinifera species and all Vitis labrusca genotypes showed tolerance below 30% in terms of disease severity. Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (Sarmalık Üzüm) was classified as susceptible with a disease severity of 37.99%. In the study, V. vinifera showed more sensitivity than other species. The most resistant genotype was Izabelle-1 (3.88%) and the most susceptible genotype was Beyaz Üzüm S1 (90.07%).

Kumbasaroglu, Hediye

The aim of this study is to identify the factors influencing energy drink consumption habits among students at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University. Within the scope of the research, an online survey was administered to 288 university students. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, frequency analyses, a 5-point Likert scale, and Binary Logistic Regression methods. The mean level of concern regarding health effects among students who consume energy drinks (M = 2.75) was found to be lower than the overall sample average (M = 2.85), suggesting that these students tend to downplay the associated health risks. High agreement levels with statements such as “consumed more in social environments” (M = 2.88) and “consumption increases when with friends” (M = 2.75) indicate a strong influence of social context on consumption behavior. Psychological assessments revealed low levels of concern, suggesting that students perceive energy drinks primarily as a means of improving physiological performance rather than being emotionally driven. According to the Binary Logistic Regression results, factors such as age and family income negatively affect energy drink consumption, whereas variables such as social media use, academic level, and spending amount positively contribute to increased consumption. Additionally, students who prefer alternative beverages in the morning were significantly less likely to consume energy drinks. In conclusion, it is recommended that awareness be raised among students regarding the potential risks of energy drinks, social media advertising be regulated, and healthy beverage alternatives be promoted more effectively.

Yangılar, Filiz; Gerek, Merve Dilara

Bu araştırmada mormiksin farklı konsantrasyonları (KV1=%0.50, KV2=%0.75, KV3=%1) kullanılarak zenginleştirilen vegan karabuğday sütü örneklerinin fiziko-kimyasal ve duyusal özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Vegan karabuğday sütlerinin mormiksin farklı konsantrasyonlarıyla üretilmesinin fiziko-kimyasal özelliklerine (kuru madde, pH, toplam asitlik, viskozite, L* ve b*) etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan kapasite değerleri en yüksek KV3 örneği olup toplam fenolik madde içeriği 505-842.9 mg GAE/L ile antioksidan aktivite değerleri %45.4-88.49 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Duyusal açıdan en çok %1 mormiks konsantrasyonuyla üretilen KV3 örneği beğenilmiş; sade karabuğday sütlü örnek renk, görünüş, kıvam ve genel kabul edilebilirlik açısından en düşük puanları alan örnek olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, besleyici değeri yüksek olan fonksiyonel vegan sütün mormiksten kaynaklanan sağlığı geliştirici katkısına ilaveten rengi ve tadındaki hafif ekşiliği ile ferahlatıcı bir içecek çeşidi olarak değer görebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Karakuş, Sinem

Bu çalışma “Golden Delicious” elma çeşidinde Kurşuni küfe (Botrytis cinerea Pers.) karşı koruyucu ve iyileştirici etkide uçucu yağların (UY) bireysel ve kombinasyonlarının besin elementlerinin içeriği üzerine ilişkilerini değerlendirmek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Bu amaca yönelik çalışmada enfeksiyon öncesi (koruyucu etki) ve sonrası (iyileştirici etki) elma meyveleri kullanılarak timol, ögenol, 1,8-sineol UY’ların koruyucu ve iyileştirici özelliğinin besin elementleri içeriğine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Hasat edilen elmalar UY (tekli kombinasyonlarda 1.25 μL, ikili kombinasyonlarda 2.5 μL, üçlü kombinasyonlarda 3.75 μL) içeren çözeltilere batırılarak 30 dakika boyunca inkube edilip ±4°C'de 7 gün depolanmıştır. Daha sonra Kjeldahl yöntemi ve bir Vapodest Hızlı Kjeldahl Distilasyon Ünitesi kullanılarak makro ve mikro besin elementleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, B. cinerea’ya karşı UY uygulamalarının besin elementi içeriği üzerine olumlu etki yaparak meyve kalitesini koruduğu tespit edilmiştir. Uygulama yöntemlerinden iyileştirici etkinin koruyucu etkiye göre besin elementleri içeriğinin kontrol grubuna göre arttırmada daha etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca UY’ların bireysel ve kombinasyonalarının besin elementleri içeriğine etkileri incelendiğinde en fazla timol ve ögenol kombinasyonlarının oluşturduğu gruplarda içeriği en fazla arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Tüm besin elementleri içeriği değerlendirildiğinde ise, Na içeriğinin en yüksek olduğu buna karşın kükürttün diğer elementlerden daha düşük içeriğe sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak hasat sonrası meyvelerde B. cinerea’ya karşı UY uygulamasının makro ve mikro besin elementleri yönünden iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Elmalarda hasat sonrası kurşuni küfe karşı uçucu yağların sentetik fungusitlerin yerine alternatif olacağını ve gelecek açısından ümit verici olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.

Kirici, Mahinur; Taysı, Mehmet Reşit; Kirici, Muammer; Sökmen, Teoman Özgür

In this study, changes in malondialdehyde level (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in fish liver tissue were investigated by applying two doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide to Capoeta umbla fish for 72 hours. Changes in MDA level, CAT and SOD activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant increase in MDA level, CAT and SOD activity in C. umbla liver tissue exposed to different doses of herbicide (p < 0.05). It was observed that 2,4-D herbicide disrupted the oxidant/antioxidant balance in fish liver tissue. However, these two antioxidant enzymes, which are the primary defense mechanism, appear to be resistant to the toxic effect of 2,4-D.

Erman, Orhan; Doğan, Salih; Doğan, Sibel

Three female mite (Acari) specimens collected from litter and soil under silverberry (Elaeagnus angustifolia) in Elazığ province, Turkey were identified as Eutogenes frater Volgin (Cheyletidae). This species shows distinct differences from other species in the genus, namely dorsal idiosoma covered by two shields, surface of the shields with papilliform granules, all dorsal setae fan-like, propodosomal shield bearing 10 pairs of setae, hysterosoma with 12 pairs of dorsal body setae. Eutogenes frater has been given before from the type locality, Bulgaria, and was later recorded from Algeria, Hungary and Iran. This species has also been known from Giza, the north of the Nile Delta (Egypt) and Burg Al Arab (United Arab Republic). Description of this species with its phase contrast and differential interference contrast (DIC) micrographs are provided here. This is the first reported occurrence of the genus Eutogenes Baker from Turkey.

Sökmen, Teoman Özgür; Güneş, Muharrem; Kirici, Muammer

In this study, it was aimed to determine the accumulation levels of some metals (Aluminum (Al), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Ferrois (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn)) in the muscle, liver and gill tissues of the Capoeta umbla fishes caught in the water, sediment and riverbed of Karasu River. For this purpose, water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen values were measured. As a result of water analysis, the maximum amount of As was measured, but Al, Fe, Pb and Zn metals could not be detected in water. However, the relationship between the metals detected in water and the measured temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen values in water were compared. As a result of the sediment analysis, the highest accumulation was measured in Fe metal, whereas Al, Cu and Mn metals were not detected. In fish tissues, accumulation of all metals was detected. It has been determined that metals generally accumulate more in the liver tissue than other tissues. While the maximum accumulation in all tissues was measured in Fe metal, the lowest accumulation in all tissues was seen in Pb metal. In addition, the relationship between the metal levels detected in fish and the weight and length of fish was investigated. The quantities of metals identified in water, sediment and fish tissues have been compared with acceptable values determined by national and international agencies and assessed whether they are detrimental to the health of humans or aquatic organisms.