Inan, Hakki Caner; Özdal, Mirac Elif; Issin, Gizem; Özer, Mehmet

Pediatric submandibular pleomorphic adenomas are very rare benign tumors. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a useful preoperative diagnosis to avoid tumor rupture and seeding. We present three cases of pediatric submandibular pleomorphic adenoma.

Salcan, Ismail; Dilber, Muhammet; Bayram, Rana; Süleyman, Esma; Yazici, Gulce Naz; Çoban, Abdulkadir; Süleyman, Halis

Objective: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic administered parenterally for moderate to severe gram-negative infections. Ototoxicity is an important side effect that limits gentamicin use. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of rutin on gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in rats biochemically and histopathologically. Methods: Distilled water was administered by oral gavage to healthy controls (HG) and cobalt administered group (GC). 50 mg/kg rutin was administered by oral gavage to rutin + gentamicin (RGG) group. After one hour, 100 mg/kg gentamicin was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) to the RGG and GC animal groups. This procedure was repeated once a day for 14 days. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-kappa B), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta(IL-1 beta) levels in the cochlear nerve tissue of gentamicin-treated animals were significantly higher compared to healthy controls and rutin + gentamicin treated rats. On the other hand, the amount of total Glutathione (tGSH) was significantly lower compared to the control and rutin group. Histopathological examination revealed degenerated myelinated nerve fibers in the gentamicin group and Schwann cell nuclei were generally not seen. There was a high accumulation of collagen fiber in the tissue and dilated blood capillaries. In the rutin group, myelinated nerve fibers mostly exhibited normal morphology, Schwann cell nuclei were evident and the vessels were normal. Conclusion: Our experimental results suggest that rutin may be effective in the treatment of gentamicin-associated ototoxicity.

Kara, Cüneyt Orhan; Yıldırım Baylan, Müzeyyen; Durmuş, Kasım; Topuz, Bülent; Özlügedik, Samet; Erkan, Alper Nabi; Ural, Ahmet; Çakır, Burak Ömür; İpçi, Kağan; Gülseven Güven, Selis

Objective: This study aimed to determine how prevalent allergic rhinitis (AR) is in Turkey\rand to compare the current prevalence with the figures obtained 10 years earlier.\rMethods: This study included 9,017 participants. The minimum number of participants\rrequired from each center was determined via a stratified sampling technique according\rto regional demographic characteristics as ascertained from the last census. For each region,\rboth men and women were administered the score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire\rand a score for each participant was calculated based on the responses supplied.\rResults: A total of 9,017 individuals (55.3% men and 44.7% women) took part in this\rstudy. Of these, 94.4% were urban residents and 5.6% lived in a rural setting. Of the\rmen, 38.5% self-reported as suffering from AR. The corresponding figure in women\rwas 40.5%. The overall prevalence of AR, as deduced on the basis of the SFAR, was\rfound to be 36.7%. Comparing the prevalence in different regions, we found that AR\rwas the least prevalent in the Black Sea region with a frequency of 35.8%. The highest\rprevalence was in the Mediterranean region, where the prevalence was 37.7%. There\rwas no statistical significance in the apparent differences in prevalence between different\rgeographical regions. Despite this, however, there was a clear increase in the\rfrequency of AR over the preceding decade. This increase was most pronounced in the\rSouth-Eastern Anatolian region, where the frequency rose from 21.0% to 36.9%.\rConclusion: Our results indicate that there has been a marked increase in the prevalence\rof AR in every region in Turkey over the last 10 years. This could be related to living\rconditions in urban environments. Alterations in lifestyle, urban living, air pollution\rcausing impairments in immune defense mechanisms, and other aspects of modern\rlifestyles may account for the increase in AR in Turkey.

Salcan, Ismail; Salcan, Sara; Erdem, Haktan Bagis; Müderris, Suphi

Objective: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most frequently encountered allergic disorders and has a typical prevalence of between 18 and 40%. The factors which underlie allergic disorders may vary since they are linked to climate, geography, different social conditions and genetic makeup. The objective of our research was to investigate any connections between polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene and allergic rhinitis. Methods: This study involved the participation of two groups aged between 15 and 60 years of age who attended the ENT clinic of the Medical Faculty at Erzincan University: 100 individuals with allergic rhinitis plus a control group of 200 individuals who lacked the condition. The AR cases were established on the basis of history, physical examination and skin prick testing. Peripheral blood samples were taken from both groups and subjected to genetic analyses. The analysis utilised a 5-HTT Taqman (R) primer as genetic probe. The Chi-squared method was utilised for statistical analysis. Results: 129 of the participants were female (64.5%) and 71 (35.5%) male. The average age of those participating was 34.5 +/- 14.6 (range: 20-65) years. In reference to the sex distribution of the patients, 79% of the patients were female. There was a significant difference between the groups according to sex (p <0.01). No significant differences were noted between the patient and control groups when compared according to genetic polymorphism or place of residence. In 61% of the allergic rhinitis sufferers, their symptoms were seasonal. The incidence of AR was higher in both females and in those living in an urban rather than rural setting. When the polymorphism is examined in both the patient and control groups, the most common type is the mutant type. In both the cases and controls, when the polymorphism was investigated, the most frequently seen type was the Mutant variety and no significant difference in frequency was noted according to sex or place of residence. Conclusion: In this study, when the cases and controls were compared in terms of the polymorphism in the rs35521 serotonin transporter gene, there was no difference at the level of statistical significance between the frequency of occurrence of the mutant or heterozygote form of the gene.