Kaymakçı, Salih

Kaledere Fortress, which is located on the borders of the Çamoluk district of Giresun Province is a part of the region controlled by the Mithridatic Dynasty (281-63 BC) and this region is known as the Pontic Kingdom. Kaledere Castle, which we determined during our systematic archaeological surveys in Giresun and Giresun Island, is located in the mountainous region of Giresun province. Çamoluk district is located on the natural, historical road connecting Eastern Black Sea Region to the Eastern Anatolia Region (Erzincan-Refahiye). The fortress also has a position on the Gümüşhane-Giresun-Sivas border, which controls the road route along the Kelkit (Lykos) stream in the east-west direction. The lack of information about the Mithradates Dynasty period does not fully reflect the area of Eastern Pontus domination in this period. Archaeological and historical studies in the Eastern Black Sea Region are still inadequate. The Kaledere Fortress and the Stepped Tunnel which identified in the Çamoluk district are remarkable with the architectural remains of the Hellenistic period and belongs to Mithradates Dynasty period. When we consider that the archaeological and historical studies in the Eastern Black Sea Region are inadequate, Kaledere Fortress and the stepped tunnel are important to remedy this drawback.

Alşan, Songül

World War I is of great significance for the eastern Black Sea, especially during 1916-1918. Throughout these two years the region was occupied by the Russians and involved in the social, political and economic activities. These activities done for the purpose of establishing a permanent government in the region were interrupted by the Russian Revolution. As Russia was forced to focus on the internal affairs in the following period of time, the process of occupation was replaced by the retreat. This period of retreat turned out to be the time when the Armenian activities transformed into/ took the form of a massacre. The armaments left behind by the Russians in retreat was obtained by the Armenians, and in this chaotic area the Armenians did their best to repulse the Turkish folk settling across the region. This study examines the Armenian wartime activities, especially those between the years 1916 and 1918 in consideration of the local people making use of the archives.

Yesilyurt, Yahya

Tarihi geçmişi milattan öncesine kadar giden Doğu Karadeniz, özellikle 1877-78 Osmanlı-Rus Harbi'nden sonra daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti'nin kuzeydoğu sınırını oluşturan bölge, Rusya'nın sıcak denizlere inme yolunda önemli bir geçiş noktasını oluşturmaktaydı. Çoğunlukla dik ve derin vadilerden oluşan bu coğrafyanın iç kesimlerle olan bağlantısını ise belli başlı geçiş noktaları sağlıyordu. Dolayısıyla bu geçiş noktaları ile deniz bağlantısı Doğu Karadeniz'deki limanlarla sağlanıyordu. Osmanlı Devleti bu bölgenin önemini bildiğinden, buraların idaresi hususunda ayrı bir dikkat göstermiştir. Özellikle son dönemlerde paşa rütbesinde, üst düzey idareciler tayin ederek bölgede bu tecrübeli idareciler vasıtasıyla etkin olmak istemiştir. Ahmet Cevdet Paşa da bu idarecilerden birisidir. Hatta bu bölgenin mali, askeri, siyasi ve sosyal durumlarına ilişkin layiha kaleme almıştır. Atina (Pazar) ve Hopa hakkındaki görüşlerini içeren bu layihası ise farklı bir bakış açısı olarak dikkate değerdir.