Konuk, Suha

The peace treaty concluded in 562 between Emperor Justinian I and the Sasanian ruler Khosrow I was broken in 572 by Justin II(565-578). The war, launched with considerable expectations, turned into a grave disaster for Byzantium with the loss of the strategic frontier city of Dara in 573. Following these developments, Justin II's mental health deteriorated completely, rendering him entirely incapable of governing. The Caesar Tiberius effectively assumed power in the shadow of Empress Sophia and ruled the empire with the title of Caesar until Justin's death in 578. The failure of Byzantium's siege of Nisibis in spring 573, and moreover the loss of Dara, compelled Byzantium to seek an urgent truce with the Sasanians. During this period, Tiberius aimed to maintain peace at any cost until a new army could be established. However, the appointment of Maurice as magister militum per Orientem in 578 marked a decisive turning point in this defensive doctrine, enabling Byzantium to regain the initiative on the eastern front. This article focuses on how Tiberius II managed the Sasanian war during the four years he governed the empire with the title of Caesar.

Cosgun Kandal, Sena

The ideology, educational programs, and objectives of the Early Republican Period as well as the textbooks in line with these objectives did not suddenly emerge. They all have roots to be sought in the world history and the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, in this article, firstly a brief introduction about the emergence of the citizenship formation in the world, the beginning and formation of raising citizens and the citizenship courses in the Ottoman Empire are discussed; then an evaluation is carried out within the scope of the citizenship course in Ataturk Period, its place in the education program and the textbooks, in an effort to create a framework on the evolution of citizenship education in Ataturk Period.

Konuk, Suha

The struggle of Byzantine-Sassanid Empires in Anatolia was occur a huge zone which from Caucassia to Syria desert. But main center of these wars was southeast Anatolia that lands watered by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The influence of geography on the course of the struggle is another subject matter. In this study we will identify that early medieval sources on the forts, garrisons and fortified cities in that region.

Gül, Abdulkadir

In this study, it was investigated the reflections of army arrangements made to Egin town between 1834 and 1848 in Ottoman Empire. At that period, it was dealt with some issues which numbers, accepting methods, education, supplies, and army escape of soldiers accepted to Redif battalions in Egin town of Ma'adin-i Humayi'm Sanjak.

Gül, Abdulkadır

In this study, it was investigated the reflections of army arrangements made to Eğin town between 1834 and 1848 in Ottoman Empire. At that period, it was dealt with some issues which numbers, accepting methods, education, supplies, and army escape of soldiers accepted to Redif battalions in Eğin town of Ma'âdin-i Hümâyûn Sanjak.