Sari, Safiye; Elibol, Betul

The idea of designing products from fabric waste is not new in clothing applications. The main idea of the applications lies in the development of production methods that do not harm humans and the environment. The demand for clothing products is increasing, which does not pollute the environment and respects natural resources. Which increases environmental sensitivity with consumer awareness. This demand has increased efforts to evaluate textile waste with sustainable methods. Clothing collections with high added value prepared with waste materials are becoming more important in the designer-producer and consumer triangle day by day. Nowadays, natural dye applications with waste fabrics are evaluated as a different approach for clothing designers. And the rich images on waste fabrics that are obtained with these applications. In the study were conducted textile surface experiments with sage, tea, linden, pear peel, ginger, turmeric and cinnamon peel on waste fabric Sile cloth using different mordant materials. The method of the research was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, coloring recipes with the application of natural dyes were created. In the second stage, the design processes are included in the capsule collection. And the collection has been completed with 3D modeling and prototyping, which are one of the indispensable applications of the sector. The collection is aimed with the development of a production model with a strong environmental aspect. The findings from the research have shown that the garment design process has developed differently from the standard production models of natural dye applications with waste fabrics. The biggest difference is the uniquenessfeature brought to the clothing collections.

Karabulut, Turgut; Yavuz, Selahattin

Energy is a constant need and this need is a growing resource. Renewable energy, which is one of these energy sources, is very important for our world to be both clean and sustainable. One of the central belt countries in the world, Turkey is a very fortunate country in terms of renewable energy sources. In this study, a model for solar energy source installation and energy efficiency has been proposed for Erzurum, Erzincan, and Sivas. This model has been solved by deterministic and robust optimization. Pursuant to the results obtained from the solutions with these methods, the most suitable location has been determined. At the end of the study, it has been found out that Erzurum is the most suitable city for the selection of the location according to both solutions. According to deterministic solution for Erzurum, the efficiency has been observed between 83950724.1 and 87591854.81 while it has been between 83416034.92 and 87065524.19 according to robust solution. There has been an approximately 0.618% difference between these two solutions.

Kardas, Faruk; Topcu, Cihan

In this study, we investigated the possibility of preparing ion-selective electrodes for cationic species by using a newly synthesized Schiff base. PVC-membrane compositions in different ratios were prepared by using schiff base complex, polyvinylchloride, o-nitrophenyl octylether and potassiumtetrakis parachlorotetraphenylborate. The prepared membrane compositions were coated on the surfaces of solid state contact electrodes and ion selective electrodes were fabricated. Potentiometric measurements showed that; prepared electrodes exhibited selective behavior towards Cu2+ ions. The most suitable membrane composition of electrode was determined as 3.9% ionophore, 32.0% polyvinylchloride, 64.0% o-nitrophenyl octylether (plasticizer) and 0.1% potassiumtetrakis parachlorotetraphenylborate. The prepared Cu2+-selective electrode showed potentiometric working range to Cu2+ between the concentration of 1.0x10(-5) and 1.0x10(-1) M with a slope of 29.8 +/- 0.7 mV per decade (R-2=0.9966) in the presence of the common cationic species. It was observed that the electrode reached the equilibrium potential within 5 seconds and had a limit of 4.1x10(-6) M. It was tested that the developed electrode exhibited potentiometric behavior at pH = 3.0-8.0 without being affected by the pH change of the test solutions. In addition, the potentiometric Cu2+-selective electrode had 12-week lifetime. The electrode was successfully used in the potentiometric titration of Cu2+ ions with EDTA and the potentiometric determination Cu2+ ions in water samples with different matrix structures such as tap water, river water and dam water.