Kizilgöz, Volkan; Aydin, Sonay; Kantarci, Mecit; Kockara, Nizamettin; Gülmez, Ali Osman; Gür, Volkan

Aim: There are many studies in the literature presenting morphological predisposing factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Insall-Salvati index (ISI), which is widely used to measure patellar height, was investigated as a predisposing risk factor for the ruptures of ACL. Material and Methods: Patellar tendon length (PTL), Patellar length (PL), and anterior tibial translation (ATT) were measured, and ISI values were calculated for the study and control groups. Knee magnetic resonance (MR) images of 33 patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction due to ruptured ACL, which is surgically confirmed (study group), and 90 patients who had undergone meniscus operation with surgically confirmed intact ACL (control group) were reinterpreted by two reviewers in terms of ISI and ATT values. Independent samples T-test was used to compare the results of the study and control groups. Additionally, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were presented to verify the interobserver difference between reviewers. Results: PTL, ATT, and ISI values showed a statistically significant difference, and higher values were obtained in the study group than in the control group (p<0,001). There was excellent agreement between reviewers regarding PTL, PL, ISI, and ATT measurements. Discussion: ISI had been used as an indicator of patellar dislocation. In this research, ISI was investigated to be in a relationship with ACL injuries in operated patients. The results of this study indicated higher ISI values in patients with ACL rupture. High ISI values might be a predisposing factor for ACL rupture and may be used in preventive medicine in terms of ACL injuries.

Bayrakçeken, Kemal; Akgöz, Hasan

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of topical latanoprostene bunod (LBN) 0.024% on early intraocular pressure (IOP) and macular microvasculature. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 46 eyes of 46 treatmentnaive participants with primary open-angle glaucoma disease (POAG) who were initiated on topical LBN 0.024%. IOP values of the patients were compared before and the first month after treatment. Macular and ganglion cell complex thicknesses were evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and macular vessel density parameters were evaluated using OCT angiography (OCTA). Pre-and post-treatment findings were compared with the paired-sample t-test. Results: At the time of the first presentation, the mean IOP value of the patients was 26.20 +/- 2.84 mmHg. After administration of LBN 0.024%, the mean follow-up IOP value decreased to 14.93 +/- 2.25 mmHg in the first month (p=0.00). When OCTA images taken before and the first month after treatment were compared, it was determined that the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) value for the outer nasal section significantly increased (p=0.042). There was no significant difference in the remaining parameters showing macular vessel density. Discussion: LBN 0.024% is a topical ocular hypotensive agent effective in lowering IOP in the early period in patients with POAG.

Emir, Burcu Sirlier; Kilicaslan, Asli Kazgan; Yildiz, Sevler; Kurt, Osman

Aim: It has been reported that schizophrenia (SZ) patients had poor sleep quality and displayed evening chronotype, and certain behavioral differences had been observed between chronotypes. In this study, we aimed to compare chronotype and sleep quality in criminal SZ patients and to examine the correlation of chronotype with crime types.Material and Methods: Ninety-one criminal SZ patients and 91 healthy controls were included. Participants were administered the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Morningness -Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ).Results: While 28.6 % of the patient group were evening-, 36.3 % were intermediate-and 35.2% waere morning-type, it was seen that 8.8% of the control group were evening-, 31.9% were intermediate-and 59.3% were morning-type, and a significant difference was observed between them (p<0.001). The sleep quality in the patient group was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001). In the patient group, the crime rate between 24:00 and 06:00 was found to be significantly higher among evening types compared to other types (p<0.001).Discussion: Criminal schizophrenia patients are of the evening type compared to the control group and have poor sleep quality. Corrective interventions for sleep and chronotype in SZ patients may change the rates and nature of crimes.

Emir, Burcu Sirlier; Yildiz, Sevler; Kiliçaslan, Asli Kazgan; Dogan, Serpil; Kurt, Osman; Ugur, Kerim

Aim: Migraine is a prevalent chronic disease with unknown etiopathogenesis that affects the quality of life. In the present study, we aimed to investigate anxiety, depression, coping with stress and psychological resilience of migraine patients. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 40 patients and 40 healthy individuals. The study data were collected with a sociodemographic and clinical data form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Psychological Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and Inventory of Coping Strategies (ICS). Results: It was determined that the RSA-structural resilience, RSA-social competence, BDI, BAI, ICS-optimism and ICS-social support scores of the patients were significantly higher when compared to the control group, RSA-self-perception, RSA-future perception, RSA-familial conformity, RSA-social resources, RSA-total and ICS-safe approach scores were significantly lower in the patient group when compared to the controls. There were positive correlations between the number of migraine attacks and RSA-future perception, RSA-familial conformity, RSA-social resources and RSA-total scores of the patients; There was a significant negative correlation between the number of migraine attacks and ICS-optimism scores. Discussion: The incidence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher and psychological resilience was significantly lower in the patients when compared to the control group. It could be suggested that patients could prefer ineffective coping strategies and their psychological resilience could be low. The determination of the psychiatric complications associated with migraine could alter treatment interventions, and thus, the prognosis.

Bayrakceken, Kemal; Utlu, Bahadir

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the safety of 0.06% trypan blue applied to visualize the anterior capsule in cataract surgery. Material and Methods: This single-center, prospective, randomized controlled study included 40 eyes of 20 patients. While performing cataract surgery on the right eyes of the patients, trypan blue was not used, and these eyes were evaluated as the control group. For the left eyes, trypan blue was used during surgery. The endothelial cell density (ECD) values of the two groups were measured, recorded, and analyzed at baseline and one week and one month after surgery, and their central corneal thicknesses were evaluated at baseline and one month after surgery. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the trypan blue and control groups in terms of the first-week (p=0.852) and first-month (p=0.881) ECD values and first-month pachymetry values (p=0.218). However, the ECD and pachymetry values significantly differed in both groups at one week and one month after surgery compared to the baseline (p<0.001). Discussion: Our results showed that trypan blue injection into the anterior chamber to achieve comfortable and safe capsulorhexis in cataract surgery does not cause any adverse effects on the corneal endothelium.

Yasar, Hasan; Demirtas, Levent

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in sensitivity in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and subclinical neuropathy between routine nerve conduction studies and F-waves examined with different numbers of stimuli in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: In the study, eighty patients with diabetes mellitus (forty of them had symptoms of peripheral neuropathy) and forty healthy volunteers as control group were included. Those with peripheral neuropathy symptoms were included in the symptomatic group, and those without peripheral neuropathy symptoms were included in asymptomatic group. All participants underwent routine nerve conduction study. Results: According to the results of F minimum, F mean and F maximum which were obtained with both 10 consecutive stimuli and 30 consecutive stimuli, there was a statistically significant difference between the symptomatic group and the control group as well as between the asymptomatic group and the control group (p<0.05). In F chronodispersion studies, there was no difference between groups at 10 consecutive stimuli and 30 consecutive stimuli (p > 0.05). Discussion: F minimum, F mean, F maximum tests were more sensitive than routine nerve conduction study in detecting asymptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathies. The results of the tests with 10 and 30 stimuli were similar. F chronodispersion was found to be insensitive in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and subclinical neuropathies.

Kizilgöz, Volkan; Uzuner, Muhammet Bora

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the height of the intervertebral disc space and disc pathologies and the effect of differences in the vertebral articular surface on disc pathologies with regard to age groups. Material and Methods: A total of 754 patients examined by magnetic resonance imaging were reassessed in terms of the height of the anterior, middle, and posterior intervertebral disc space and the vertebral articular plateau surface type of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 intervertebral disc levels. Results: All L4-L5 intervertebral disc heights of all patients with any disc pathology were significantly lower than those in the normal group. For the L5-S1 disc level, anterior, middle, and posterior intervertebral disc heights of all patients with disc pathologies were significantly lower than those of the subjects without any disc pathology. There was a significant difference in the L4-L5 levels in discs with irregular articular plateau surfaces among patients in the age group of 25-40 years and for all patients as compared with normal and pathological discs. At the L5-S1 level, there were more disc pathologies in the flat and irregular articular plateaus in the group of patients older than 40 years. Discussion: The heights of the intervertebral disc spaces were significantly smaller in patients with disc herniations and in those with any disc pathology at both L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. The intervertebral disc levels of the L4-L5 and L5-S1 discs with irregular articular plateaus were observed to have significantly more disc herniations among all patients.

Balci, Mecdi Gurhan; Issin, Gizem; Tayfur, Mahir; Cagatay, Diren Vuslat

Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected health systems all over the world and has caused more than 3 million deaths to date. This has caused delays in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and many diseases due to disruptions in health services and the hesitation of patients to apply to health institutions during the pandemic period. Material and Methods: In the current study. the electronic records of health centers in Erzincan were retrospectively examined and the cases that underwent gastric and colonic endoscopic biopsy between January 2019 and January 2021 were identified. The cases were divided into two groups as the pre-pandemic group that underwent endoscopic biopsy between January 2019 and 2020, and the pandemic group, where the endoscopic biopsy was performed between 2020 and 2021. Results: There was a significant decrease in the number of gastric and colon endoscopic biopsies and gastric cancer, although there was no abnormal population movement and no new healthcare institution in the province the pre-pandemic period and during the pandemic period. Discussion: The findings of the current study showed that there was a significant decrease in the number of gastric and colon endoscopic biopsies and gastric cancer cases during the pandemic period. In addition to the primary health problems associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome - coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections during the pandemic period, delays in the detection of cancer and precancerous lesions due to the decrease in the number of endoscopic biopsies may cause significant problems in the future.

Yildiz, Sevler; Kazgan, Asli; Kurt, Osman; Korkmaz, Sevda

Aim: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the perceived family burden, caregiving burden and the quality of life of people who have to spend most of their time at home with their patients during the pandemic period and who provide home care for patients diagnosed with psychotic disorder. Material and Methods: The study included caregivers of 91 patients with a diagnosis of psychotic who admitted to the psychiatry outpatient clinic during the pandemic period and met the study criteria. All participants were applied the World Health Organization Quality of Life Form (WHOQOL-BREF-TR), Perceived family burden scale (PFBS), and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZBS). Results: Participants' mean PFBS score was 65.6 +/- 19.1 and their ZBS mean score was 56.2 +/- 14.8. A positive correlation was found between PFBS score and ZBS score (p=0,00, r=0,763). Also, a significant negative correlation was found between PFBS score and WHOQOL-BREF-TR scale sub-scales and the ZBS score and the WHOQOL-BREF-TR scale sub-scales. Discussion: The pandemic period negatively affected caregivers of patients diagnosed with psychosis.

Borulu, Ferhat; Emir, Izzet; Aydin, Muhammed Enes; Arslan, Umit; Çalik, Eyupserhat; Erkut, Bilgehan

Aim: Neurocognitive disorders and major neurological complications can develop after carotid endarterectomy. The aim our was to investigate the effect of local or general anesthesia during carotid endarterectomy on these neurocognitive functions via objective tests. Material and Methods: The study included 30 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy under different types of anesthesia (general anesthesia in 16 patients or local anesthesia in 14 patients) between June 2017 and August 2019. Postoperative neurocognitive functions of the patients were compared using tests to quantitatively evaluate their cognitive performance (Standardized Mini-Mental Test and Clock Drawing Test). Results: Twenty-one patients were male and nine were female. There was no serious coronary lesion, except for carotid artery stenosis. None of the patients developed major complications such as stroke or transient ischemic attack Length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital was shorter in the local anesthesia group (p=0.005 and p=0.001). Although the preoperative Standardized Mini-Mental Test and Clock Drawing Test results of the groups were similar (p=0.765 and p=0.999). there was a significant difference in favor of the local anesthesia group in both tests in the pre-discharge period (p=0.001). Discussion: Although there is no significant difference in terms of major neurological complications, local anesthesia applications show positive results in terms of neurocognitive functions. We believe that the use of local anesthesia in carotid endarterectomy operations, to the extent allowed by other clinical features of the patient. is important for neurocognitive functions, despite surgical difficulties.