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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026Assessment of Low-Temperature Fracture Behavior in Bituminous Mixtures Incorporating Sustainable Waste Additives: SCB Testing and Finite Element Analysis
Keleş, Ömer Faruk; Çolak, Muhammed Ali; Demiriz, Ahmet Oğuz; Baş, Fatih İrfan
In this study, the combined effect of waste lubricating oil (WLO) and waste pine branch ash (WPBA) was investigated to improve the low-temperature fracture behavior of asphalt mixtures. To investigate the low-temperature fracture behavior of the mixtures containing 2%–6% WLO and 3%–12% WPBA, the semi-circular bending (SCB) test was conducted at −15 °C, and the experimental results were analyzed using a statistical approach. Fracture toughness (K(IC)), total fracture energy (GF) and its pre-peak and post-peak components, crack resistance index (CRI), flexibility index (FI), and toughness index (TI) were determined. The findings indicate that the optimal combination depends on the fracture parameter under consideration. The best fracture toughness results, K(IC) = 24.96 MPa·mm0.5, indicating increased resistance to crack initiation, was obtained at 4% WLO and 12% WPBA content. On the other hand, the best fracture energy results, GF = 1.202 N/mm, reflecting an increase in energy dissipation during crack propagation, was obtained at 4% WLO and 9% WPBA content. The highest FI, CRI, and TI values were obtained with 6% WLO and 9% WPBA, corresponding to increases of approximately 66%, 69%, and 16%, respectively, compared with the reference mixture. This resulted in greater crack-initiation resistance, improved post-peak deformation capacity, and higher energy-dissipation capacity, although the greater WLO content led to a decrease in structural integrity. When the results are evaluated overall, it is understood that the use of WLO in the mixtures increases deformation capacity, while the use of WPBA controls crack propagation through its hardening and filling effects. In mixtures containing 4% WLO and 9%–12% WPBA, a balanced behavior was achieved in terms of crack initiation, crack propagation, and stiffness under low-temperature conditions.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Machine learning and traffic simulation for corridor-level optimization in Intelligent Transportation Systems: reducing travel times, delays, and carbon dioxide emissions
Deniz, Fatih Ahmet; Çolak, Muhammed Ali
Increased individual vehicle ownership has led to longer travel times, increased delays, and higher CO2 emissions in traffic networks. This study aims to optimize intersection designs, lane counts, and signal timings within an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)-based traffic corridor to reduce travel time, minimize delays and decrease instantaneous CO2 emissions. To achieve this, the current conditions of a seven-intersection corridor were simulated, resulting in 27,647 different scenarios with various combinations of vehicle volumes, intersection properties, lane configurations, and signalization. Incorporating real intersection vehicle count data and signal timings further enhanced the accuracy of the simulations, providing a more realistic representation of traffic flow and helping to refine the optimization of intersection designs, lane counts, and signal settings. In total, 27,648 scenarios, including the baseline scenario, were analyzed, resulting in three datasets that focus on delay time, instantaneous CO2 emissions, and total travel time. These datasets were modeled using various algorithms, including linear regression, support vector regression, elastic net, decision trees, random forests, AdaBoost, gradient boosting, XGBoost, and CatBoost. Among these models, CatBoost was found to be the most effective in explaining delay time, instantaneous CO2 emissions, and total travel time. Feature importance analysis using CatBoost revealed the optimal designs for reducing travel time, minimizing delays, and lowering emissions: modern roundabouts at the Dortyol and Old Police School intersections, and a grade-separation at the Terzibaba intersection. The findings demonstrate that integrating machine learning with traffic simulation can support ITS by improving traffic flow, reducing congestion, and lowering CO2 emissions.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Kavşak Geometrilerinin ve Araç Hacimlerinin CO2 Salınımı Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Çolak, Muhammed Ali; Deniz, Fatih Ahmet
Ulaşımdan kaynaklanan CO₂ salınımındaki artış; nüfusun büyümesi, teknolojik gelişmeler, bireysel araç sahipliğinin yaygınlaşması ve toplu taşıma ile lojistik sektörlerinde kullanılan otobüs ve kamyon gibi motorlu taşıtların sayısının artmasıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu bağlamda, şehir içi trafik akışının analizi ve iyileştirilmesi, zararlı salınımların azaltılması için kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Erzincan il merkezindeki en yoğun yedi kavşağın oluşturduğu trafik koridorunun mevcut durumu, kavşak sayımları ve sinyalizasyon verileri kullanılarak Aimsun ortamında modellenmiştir. Kavşaklardaki geometrik düzenlemeler ve araç hacimlerinin farklı kombinasyonlarıyla oluşturulan 2303 alternatif senaryo üzerinde analiz yapılmıştır. Toplam 2304 senaryonun analizinden elde edilen CO2 salınım değerleri, Hafif Gradyan Artırma Makinesi (LightGBM), k-En Yakın Komşular (kNN) ve Bayesian Ridge regresyon algoritmaları kullanılarak modellenmiştir. En iyi CO2 salınım tahmini, LightGBM ile elde edilmiştir. Özellik önem analizi, Dörtyol Kavşağı'nın mevcut durumunun CO2 salınımları üzerinde en büyük etkiye sahip olduğunu, Terzibaba Kavşağı'nın farklı düzeyli kavşak olarak yeniden düzenlenmesinin ise koridor boyunca CO2 salınımların azaltmaya yardımcı olacağını ortaya koymuştur.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Earthquake safety in Erzincan City center: strategic analysis of building stock, transportation network, gathering, and temporary shelter areas
Bayata, Halim Ferit; Mazlum, Yunus Emre; Bas, Fatih Irfan; Çolak, Muhammed Ali
The twin earthquakes in Kahramanmara & scedil; in 2023 revealed the necessity of disaster coordination and pre-disaster situation analysis. To cope with such disasters and prevent possible losses, a comprehensive preparation process is required, such as evaluating a city's building stock in terms of earthquake risks and assessing the adequacy of the transportation network, emergency gathering points, and temporary shelter areas. This study selected Erzincan province, which has been destroyed by many major earthquakes, as the study area. It aimed to create risk maps by determining earthquake-risk buildings using rapid visual screening methods based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS), conducting building performance evaluations, and choosing safe transportation routes in case of a possible disaster. A total of 3,199 reinforced concrete and masonry buildings with two or more stories in the city center of Erzincan, constructed before 2000, were identified. In a possible earthquake, transportation infrastructure was analyzed, and maps of traffic density, emergency gathering, and temporary shelter areas were created. The analyses showed that the capacity of emergency gathering, and temporary shelter areas needed to be increased. In the scenarios of increased traffic density, it has been determined that the existing roads in all ten neighborhoods are unsuitable for disaster-emergency situations.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Predictive Modeling of Urban Travel Demand Using Neural Networks and Regression Analysis
Çolak, Muhammed Ali; Bayrak, Osman Ünsal
Urban transportation systems are increasingly strained by population growth, changing mobility patterns, and the need for sustainable infrastructure planning. The accurate modeling of urban trip generation is critical for effective and sustainable transportation planning, especially in the context of rapidly growing urban populations and evolving travel behaviors. This study investigated the application of advanced statistical methods and artificial intelligence-based techniques for forecasting urban travel demand. Erzincan, with a population of approximately 200,000, serves as a representative mid-sized city, offering valuable insights for transportation planning and traffic management. Data collected from various user groups, including households and university students, provide a comprehensive understanding of local travel behavior. Four predictive modeling techniques, linear regression, Poisson regression, negative binomial regression, and artificial neural networks (ANNs), were applied to the dataset, followed by a comparative performance evaluation. Additionally, a macro-level simulation was conducted using VISUM (Release 18.2.22) software to evaluate the current transportation network and assess the potential impacts of proposed improvement scenarios. The results show that the ANN model provided the highest predictive accuracy for household-based data (R2 = 0.62), while the linear regression model yielded the best results for dormitory-based data (R2 = 0.95). Furthermore, Poisson regression proved most effective in estimating the minimum trip generation time, which was estimated to be 22.77 min under simulated conditions. The study offers practical insights for transport planners and policymakers by demonstrating how predictive analytics and simulation tools can be integrated to address urban mobility challenges.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Appropriate Intersection Design Type Based on TOPSIS Multiple Criteria Decision Method with AIMSUN Mesoscopic Simulation
Bayata, Halim Ferit; Baş, Fatih İrfan; Demircioğlu, Muhammed Sami; Çolak, Muhammed Ali
The increasing world population has also increased the demand for vehicles and brought along various problems such as traffic delays, accidents, and air pollution. In addition, the increase in the number of vehicles causes an increase in the time spent at intersections, negatively affecting people’s quality of life, distracting drivers, and unsafe driving practices. Moreover, greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2 and NOx from vehicles, cause climate change and deterioration of air quality. To solve these problems, in this study, seven signalized intersections on a corridor in the city center of Erzincan province were examined. Using the Aimsun traffic simulation program, factors such as CO2, VOC, NOx emissions, queue length, delay time, travel time, and speed were evaluated. Using one of the multiple criteria decision methods, the TOPSIS method, the ideal scenario was determined based on the simulation results, considering the construction costs. The study revealed significant improvements in several parameters. CO2 emissions were reduced by 10%, delay time by 35%, VOC emissions by 14%, NOx emissions by 13%, queue length by 35%, delay by 38%, and travel by 19%. Furthermore, the speed was increased by 15%.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Investigation of the Impact of Intersection Designs, Signalization, and Directions of Intersection Arms on Microscopic Networks: The Case of Erzurum Province
Zirek, Zühal; Çolak, Muhammed Ali
Transportation has an important connection in many aspects such as economic growth, trade, tourism and social interaction. Today, the demand for transportation services is increasing with the rapid socio-economic development. This increase brings with it various traffic problems. Effective intersection design in preventing congestion, delays and accidents is of great importance in terms of ensuring traffic safety and sustainability. In this study, Gürcükapı Intersection and Taşhan Intersection were remodeled with Aimsun software in order to reduce the density at the intersections in Erzurum province and to meet traffic needs. Signalization was added to the modeled intersections, the directions of the intersection arms were changed and four alternative scenarios were created with these changes using current scenario. A total of five scenarios, including the current scenario and the developed alternatives, were evaluated and compared based on travel time, delay time, waiting time, speed, queuing, instant CO2, NOx, PM (Particulate Matter) and VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) values. As a result of the comparison, the scenario in which the current intersection arm direction and Gürcükapı and Taşhan intersections are modernized and there is no signaling system was determined as the most effective scenario.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Fracture behavior of warm mix asphalt mixtures incorporating Cecabase and recycled concrete aggregate: An experimental and numerical assessment
Çolak, Muhammed Ali; Keleş, Ömer Faruk; Baş, Fatih İrfan; Demi̇ri̇z, Ahmet Oğuz
This study investigates the fracture performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures modified with Cecabase RT BIO10 and various recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) proportions using laboratory tests and finite element modeling. Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) tests at –15 °C under Mode I loading were performed to measure fracture toughness (KIC), fracture energy (GF, pre-peak and post-peak), stiffness, and flexibility indices. Unlike many prior studies relying on a single approach, fracture toughness was calculated through all major analytical methods and validated with ANSYS finite element simulations. Results showed that increasing Cecabase content notably improved fracture resistance, while higher RCA levels reduced mechanical properties due to the porous nature of RCA. Fracture energy analysis indicated that post-peak deformation parameters correlated more strongly with GF than stiffness indices, highlighting the importance of ductility in asphalt performance. Correlation analyses revealed tensile strength (TS) and tensile stiffness index (TSI) largely evolve independently from post-peak flexibility indicators such as flexibility index (FI), toughness index (TI), and crack resistance index (CRI). Among mixtures tested, the combination of 0.50 % Cecabase and 10 % RCA exhibited the most balanced performance with high TSI, TS, and GF values. These findings emphasize the need to optimize both additive and RCA content to enhance WMA mixtures’ mechanical integrity and sustainability. The proposed approach offers a practical and environmentally friendly framework for designing durable asphalt mixtures suited to low-temperature pavements.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Investigation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Bitumen Modified with Waste Vegetable Oil and Waste Agricultural Ash for Use in Flexible Pavements
Çolak, Muhammed Ali; Zorlu, Elif; Çodur, Muhammed Yasin; Baş, Fatih İrfan; Yalçın, Özgen; Kuşkapan, Emre
The rapid growth of the world population and the rapid diversification of consumption habits due to technological advancements have increased waste production. An investigation of the effects of biomass products, such as waste vegetable oil and waste agricultural ash, on bitumen’s physical and chemical properties was conducted in this study. By recycling biomass products, this study aimed to improve the performance and stability of bituminous hot mixtures, optimize the number of additives, and create more economical designs. Using the Taguchi method, 0%, 2%, 4% by weight of waste vegetable oil and 0%, 3%, and 6% by weight of waste agricultural ash were added to 70/100 penetration pure bitumen with an orthogonal array of L9. For 10, 20, and 30 min, modified bitumen samples were prepared at 170 °C, 180 °C, and 190 °C with a constant mixing speed of 3000 RPM. The samples were tested for penetration, softening point, flash point, rolling thin film oven (RTFOT), FTIR, and Marshall Design stability and flow. Based on the obtained performance statistics, 95% confidence levels were assigned to the predictions. The stability and softening point values decreased as the oil content increased, while flash and penetration values increased. With increasing ash content, stability, flash, and softening point values increased, and penetration values decreased. Compared to oil and ash additives, mixing temperature and time had relatively little effect on the modification process. Overall, the optimum parameter levels were 4% for oil, 0% for ash, 170 °C for temperature, and 10 min for time.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2020Kentiçi Kavşakların Mikrosimülasyon Yöntemiyle Modellenmesi: Erzurum İli Örneği
Bayata, Halim Ferit; Bayrak, Osman Ünsal; Bas, Fatih Irfan; Çolak, Muhammed Ali; Demiriz, Ahmet Oğuz; Keleş, Ömer Faruk; Mazlum, Yusuf; Gürel, Mehmet Oğuzhan; Demircioglu, Muhammed Sami
Gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak dünya genelinde olduğu gibi Erzurum il merkezinde de araç sayısında artış meydana gelmiş veErzurum kent içi ana arter ve ana arterleri üzerinde bulunan kavşaklarda trafik hacminin artmasına sebep olmuştur. Erzurum’da sonbeş yılda motorlu taşıt sayısı 16.762 artarak 119.108’e ulaşmıştır. Artan trafik hacmi özellikle şehrin en merkezi kavşağı konumundaolan Tebrizkapı Kavşağı’nı etkilemiştir. Tebrizkapı Kavşağı kentin en işlek merkezi olan Cumhuriyet Caddesi, Karskapı Caddesi veen önemli alışveriş merkezlerinden biri olan Taş Mağazalar Caddesi arasında kaldığından özellikle sabah mesai başlangıç saatleri veakşam mesai bitim saatlerinde ciddi trafik yoğunluklarına maruz kalmaktadır. Sayım sonuçları doğrultusunda Tebrizkapı Kavşağı’ndasabah zirve saati 07:45 ile 08:45 ve akşam zirve saati 16:45 ile 17:45 arasında olduğu belirlenmiş ve simülasyon yapılırken yoğunlukolan zirve saatlerin trafik hacimleri alınmıştır.Bu çalışmada, AIMSUN yazılımı kullanılarak Tebrizkapı Kavşağı’nın mevcut durum ve farklı kavşak tipleri ile tasarımlarıMikrosimülasyon ile simüle edilmiştir. Üretilen modellerin doğruluğunu ölçmek için trafik hacimleri üzerinde doğrulama testi olarakkullanılan GEH (Geoffrey E. Havers) formülünden faydalanılmıştır. Mevcut durumdaki gecikme süresi 41,10 saniye ve beklemesüresi 26,85 saniye olarak bulunmuştur. Mevcut durumdaki kavşak tipi değiştirilerek Modern Dönel Kavşak ve Farklı Düzey Kavşaktasarlanarak simülasyonları yapılmıştır. Yeni yapılan tasarımların gecikme süreleri Modern Dönel kavşak için 9,21 saniye, FarklıDüzey Kavşak için 5,03 saniye, bekleme süreleri ise Modern Dönel Kavşak için 1,66 saniye ve Farklı Düzey Kavşak için 1,20 saniyeolarak bulunmuştur. Simülasyonlar sonucunda gecikme süresi ve bekleme süresi faktörleri dikkate alınarak en uygun kavşak tipiFarklı Düzey Kavşak olarak bulunmasına rağmen yapım maliyetinin çok yüksek olmasından dolayı Modern Dönel Kavşak yapılmasıen uygun seçim olarak belirlenmiştir.
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