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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026Evaluation of ground motions and seismic performance of RC buildings after 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: design and construction deficiencies
İnce, Elif Gökçe; Çakıl, Burak; Şimşek, Mutlu; İnce, Ozan
Two major earthquakes occurred on the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Türkiye on February 6, 2023. The epicenter of these earthquakes was Pazarcık and Elbistan, distinct from Kahramanmaraş province. These earthquakes occurred on the same day, 9 hours apart, and effected a very large area. This study evaluates the damage in reinforced concrete buildings during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Firstly, this study examined Türkiye’s seismicity, fault lines, and recent earthquakes in Türkiye. Then, the fault rupture of the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and the affected regions from these earthquakes were exam-ined. Acceleration records of the Pazarcık and Elbistan earthquakes were evaluated by comparing them with the Türkiye Building Earthquake Code-2018 (TBEC-2018). These acceleration records were compared with the largest earthquake (DD1) and design earthquake (DD2) defined in TBEC-2018. Requirements for earthquake-resistant building design and the deficiencies in the current Türkiye building stock were discussed. Damages in RC buildings were evaluated in terms of design and construction perspectives. It has been observed that deficiencies are frequently made in the application of reinforcement details in RC buildings. Brittle shear damage has been commonly observed in reinforced concrete buildings, even though they are expected to behave ductile. Design and construction deficiencies have been observed to be widespread even in buildings still under construction.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Seismic performance of RC buildings with one-way joist slab: Insights from the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
İnce, Elif Gökçe
Two major earthquakes (Pazarcık Mw: 7.7 and Elbistan Mw: 7.6) occurred on the East Anatolian Fault Zone in Türkiye on February 6, 2023. These earthquakes caused severe destruction to structures. Türkiye's building stock mostly consists of multi-storey reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. Field investigations conducted after the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes once again revealed the deficiencies in the existing building stock. While the majority of these buildings are designed with a beam-slab system, a one-way joist slab system is frequently encountered. One way a joist slab system generally has wide and shallow beams with low stiffness. Additionally, the use of heavy non-structural materials in this slab type results in a greater building mass. In this study, damages in RC buildings with one-way joist slabs were investigated following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. In the design of RC buildings with one-way joist slabs, the cases of regular external beams and the use of shear walls were evaluated through numerical analysis. The analysis results show that shear walls and regular external beams significantly increase the performance of buildings with one-way joist systems. However, the use of seismic shear walls was found to be more effective in increasing horizontal rigidity.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Automated identification of structural elements in RC buildings based on structural floor plan data
İnce, Ozan; Karaköse, Perihan; İnce, Elif Gökçe; Eren, Erkin; Çakil, Burak; Atar, Muhammed
Proper placement of load-bearing elements plays a critical role in earthquake-resistant building design. Design mistakes and deficiencies in the arrangement of columns, shear walls, and beams may reduce seismic performance, increase torsional effects, cause frame discontinuities, and lead to inefficient or uneconomical structural solutions. Therefore, early identification of such deficiencies directly from structural floor plans can provide important support during both preliminary design and rapid assessment stages. This study presents an automated methodology for detecting, classifying, and evaluating load-bearing elements in RC building floor plans by integrating image processing and deep learning techniques. The YOLO object detection algorithm was employed to identify structural components within floor plan images. A dataset comprising 500 RC building floor plans was developed, and structural elements were manually annotated and labeled for model training and validation. Unlike previous approaches that mainly focus on limited structural components, the proposed model detects columns, shear walls, and four different beam types according to their support conditions. In addition, detected bounding box coordinates are converted into real-world dimensions using grid distances obtained from drawings, allowing the cross-sectional dimensions of each element to be determined. The model achieved high detection performance, particularly for columns, shear walls, and main beams, with accuracy values exceeding 93%. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately obtain information from structural floor plans and provide a promising decision-support system.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Evaluation of the effect of frame discontinuity on earthquake performance in reinforced concrete buildings using nonlinear analysis
Atar, Muhammed; Ince, Ozan; Çakıl, Burak; İnce, Elif Gökçe
Earthquakes are natural events that challenge the limits of engineering designs through the forces they exert on structures. The devastating outcomes of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes have underscored the urgent need to reassess the seismic safety of the building stock and current design practices. Frame continuity in reinforced concrete buildings is particularly vital for structural strength and earthquake resilience. This study examines the effects of frame discontinuity on the performance of reinforced concrete buildings using nonlinear analysis methods. As part of the research, three regular reinforced concrete buildings were initially designed and later re-modeled to incorporate frame discontinuities. Both building types were analyzed using the nonlinear pushover analysis method, and the resulting capacity curves and damage states were compared to evaluate the impact of frame discontinuity. The analysis results reveal the negative impact of frame continuity on the building performance.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Optimization of Structural Steel Used in Concrete-Encased Steel Composite Columns via Topology Optimization
İnce, Elif Gökçe; Özkal, Fatih Mehmet
Concrete-encased steel composite columns are preferred for their exceptional ductility and strength, particularly in high-rise buildings. This research aims to enhance both the strength and ductility of these composite columns by increasing the height of the steel profile. Typically, hexagonal or circular openings, referred to as castellated elements, are incorporated into the steel profile to achieve this height increase. This study employed a topology optimization method to identify the ideal opening shape for the steel profile in concrete-encased steel composite columns. The analysis revealed a sinusoidal-like opening shape, which was then refined for manufacturing. The optimal opening shape was used to increase the height of the existing steel profile, and nonlinear analyses were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this new optimized steel profile in concrete-encased steel composite columns. Two concrete-encased steel composite columns were designed: one with the optimal steel profile and the other with a standard steel I profile. ANSYS APDL 19.0 software was used to simulate an experiment based on an existing concrete-encased steel column to validate the nonlinear analysis. The verification analysis demonstrated a remarkable similarity between the experimental and numerical load–displacement graphs, indicating that the numerical analysis was reliable. In the analysis of the composite columns, both axial and lateral forces were applied in the nonlinear analyses. The axial force was applied at 15% of the column’s capacity, while the lateral force was applied until the composite column reached a state of failure. The results of the nonlinear analyses allowed for a comparison of load–displacement curves and the performance of the composite columns. In comparison to the standard steel I profile, the steel profile with the optimal opening shape increased load-carrying capacity by approximately 19% and energy absorption capacity by approximately 24%.
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