MYRICETIN AND GUT MICROBIOTA INTERACTIONS: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Comprehensive research has revealed the intricate relationship between disrupted gut microbiota, immune system function, and metabolic balance in chronic conditions such as diabetes and ulcerative colitis. Recent studies suggest that Myricetin, a natural flavonoid, can positively impact these diseases by modulating microbiota composition and promoting immune and metabolic balance. Dysbiosis-marked by a decline in beneficial short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and a rise in harmful species-contributes to inflammation and immune dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Myricetin has been demonstrated to reduce blood sugar and lipid levels while correcting gut microbiota imbalances by boosting beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus , Roseburia , and Lachnospiraceae , and decreasing pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, myricetin improves metabolism and immunity by increasing gut microbial diversity and SCFAs, partly through mechanisms like Gpr43 signaling. It also shows in alleviating diabetic complications, including cardiomyopathy, by restoring intestinal barrier integrity and reducing inflammatory endotoxemia. Similarly, in ulcerative colitis, myricetin enhances gut barrier function by lowering inflammation, improving microbiota composition, and increasing the expression of gut barrier proteins such as zonulin-1, occludin, and claudin-1. Overall, these findings highlight myricetin as a promising flavonoid for preventing and managing metabolic and inflammatory diseases via the gut microbiota-immune-metabolism axis. Nevertheless, additional clinical studies are necessary to validate these effects further.