A Brief Overview of Learning and Memory

Learning and memory occur as a result of the interaction of millions of neurons in the brain. Different types of memory are formed and stored in varying ways. So, different classifications have been made for memory. It can be divided into short-term and long-term memory, roughly. Also, long-term memory can be classified into 2 categories as explicit and implicit. Changes in synaptic plasticity are associated with learning and memory. After a neural pathway is stimulated, they begin to give higher amplitude responses to individual stimuli. So, this pathway is strengthened and potentiated. In other words, if a piece of infor- mation is learned over and over again, it makes a way for itself in the nervous system. If the information is not repeated and consolidated enough after the first path is formed, this path is lost. In other words, the connections between neurons eliminate over time. This phenomenon is called forgetting. In this way, it is interpreted as long-term changes in synaptic activity, perma- nent changes in behavior patterns and choices, and processing of memory into neuronal networks. This review provides a brief overview of the different types of learning and memory and their formation mechanisms.