GLOBALIZATION BASED APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS HYPOTHESIS: THE CASE OF TURKIC REPUBLICS

Recently, the interest in the problems caused by growth-oriented policy implications which are at the center of macroeconomic policies has increased gradually. Revealing the background dynamics of this interest that is increasing due to both economic and political, social and cultural factors, is impossible to discuss without taking the effects of the phenomenon of globalization. Therefore, together with the globalization that has permeated to all strata of society since the end of the 20th century, the literature which emphasises changing of environmental balance has become prominent. In this context, it he study, environmental Kuznets hypothesis is tested by taking economic, political and social globalization indicators into account for Turkic Republics that compose of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, with panel ARDL methods for 1991-2014 period. The results show that the negative impact of the economic growth on carbon emission arises the per capita income level of nearly $2,830, and after that there is a N-shaped relationship between them. In addition, the findings reveal that political and social globalization reduce carbon emissions while it increases economic globalization and energy use.