THE CAUSAL LINKAGES between RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION,\rECONOMIC GROWTH, OIL PRICES and CO2 EMISSIONS in SELECTED OECD\rCOUNTRIES

Purpose: It is aimed to examine the relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption (REN),\rEconomic Growth (GDP), Oil Prices (OP), and CO2 emissions (CO2) in selected OECD countries by using\rthe data for the period 1980-2014.\rMethodology: In the study, Kónya Panel Bootstrap causality method is utilized to determine the relationship\rbetween variables.\rFindings: Firstly, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between REN and CO2 for Canada and\rItaly; there is a one-way linkage from REN to CO2 in Greece and Ireland, while there is unidirectional causality\rfrom CO2 to REN in Austria, Switzerland, and United States. Secondly, there exists a bidirectional causality\rrelationship between the REN and GDP in Italy. In contrast, there is a one-way causality linkage from GDP\rto REN in Switzerland and Belgium and from REN to GDP in the Netherlands. Thirdly, it is found that there\ris a bidirectional causality relationship between REN and OP in the United States; there is a one-way\rcausality linkage from OP to REN in Austria, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland, from REN to\rOP in Japan.\rOriginality: The study has originality in that it examines the relationship among the variables for the\rselected OECD countries and through Kónya causality method.