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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026Small bodies, big potential: Comprehensive nutritional and bioactivity evaluation of five edible insects from Indonesia
Yuca, Hafize; Aydoğan, Zeynep; Yıldırım, Özge Çağlar; Aydın, Bilge; Arslan, Mehmet Enes; Atila, Alptuğ; Göger, Gamze; Demirci, Betül; Mohammadi, Najeebullah; Prastiwi, Artina
Edible insects are increasingly valued as sustainable functional food sources due to their rich nutritional content, including proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This study investigated five insect species/forms traditionally consumed in Indonesia—Phyllophaga helleri (Puthul), Valanga nigricornis (Belalang kayu), Gryllus bimaculatus (Jangkrik), and both the adult (Ulat jati) and cocoon (Entung jati) forms of Hyblaea puera. Methanol and aqueous extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were assessed alongside volatile, amino acid, and elemental profiles using GC-MS, LC-MS, and ICP-MS. Volatile analyses revealed limonene (53.9–72.2%) as the dominant aroma compound in Entung jati, Ulat jati, Belalang kayu, and Puthul. Fatty acid profiles were rich in oleic acid (40.8–71.3%), especially in Entung jati and Ulat jati. Alanine and tyrosine were the most abundant amino acids, reaching up to 1945.36 and 4744.03 nmol/mL, respectively. Essential elements (K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se) were abundant, while toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) were below international safety limits. Entung jati methanol extract showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (85.09%), exceeding acarbose (77.61%). Jangkrik exhibited the highest α-amylase inhibition (29.45%), and Ulat jati aqueous extract had the strongest antioxidant activity. Some methanol extracts also showed moderate antimicrobial effects (MIC = 625–1250 μg/mL). P. helleri extract showed cytotoxicity at high doses, but genotoxicity was not observed. These findings support the nutritional and therapeutic potential of Indonesian edible insects.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2026Phytochemical evaluation via GC-MS and LC-MS/MS: a comprehensive study of antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and genotoxic activities of extracts from endemic species Centaurea amanicola Hub.-Mor. and C. antitauri Hayek (Asteraceae)
Nobarirezaeyeh, Mohaddeseh; Yuca, Hafize; Aydın, Bilge; Civaş, Ayşe; Karakaya, Songül; Karadayı, Mehmet; Demir, Abdussamed Yasin; Bona, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Bilal; Göger, Gamze
The study investigated the antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and genotoxic activities of extracts from Centaurea amanicola and C. antitauri (Asteraceae). Methanol extracts were analysed for phenolic and fatty oil contents. Major components of fatty oils were identified, including methyl hexadecanoate (48.30%) and heptacosane (22.13%) in C. antitauri, and methyl hexadecanoate (16.29%) and methyl linoleate (13.55%) in C. amanicola. The highest α-amylase inhibition was observed in hexane extracts of both species with 55.53% and 41.57% inhibition values, respectively. Antioxidant activity, measured by ABTS•+ and DPPH• scavenging, varied among extracts, with notable efficacy in C. antitauri dichloromethane extract and C. amanicola ethyl acetate extract. The dichloromethane extract of C. antitauri demonstrated effectiveness against Candida albicans with MIC= 156.25 µg/mL. Importantly, all extracts were found to be genotoxicity-safe. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of these extracts for various medicinal applications, particularly in managing diabetes and combating microbial infections.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2026Bio-Based Potential of Phenolic-Rich Fabaceae Seeds (Gonocytisus angulatus, Podocytisus caramanicus): Chemical Standardization, Functional Screening, and Molecular Insights
Bayrak, Burak; Güneş, Ferhat; Akyüz, Beyzanur; Beyza Özer, Elif; Abdulqader, Amenah Imad; Çivaş, Ayşe; Küçüksu, İsranur; Sönmez, Hatice Rümeysa; Çeçen, Ömer; Aydın, Bilge
This study comparatively evaluated the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of methanolic extracts and aqueous decoctions obtained from seeds of two Fabaceae taxa (Gonocytisus angulatus, Podocytisus caramanicus). Aqueous decoction yielded higher extraction efficiencies (up to 39.20%), whereas methanolic extraction recovered a broader range of phenolic compounds. Phytochemical analysis revealed that flavonoids and phenolic acids were the dominant constituents, with chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and gallic acid as the major compounds, particularly enriched in methanolic extracts. In vitro assays demonstrated moderate enzyme inhibitory effects. The highest α-glucosidase inhibition was observed in the methanolic extract (20.22%), while α-amylase inhibition reached 30.11%. Anticholinesterase activity was also weak, with maximum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition values of 15.27% and 19.93%, respectively. In contrast, antioxidant activity was more pronounced, with ABTS radical scavenging reaching 97.40%, comparable to the reference standard. Molecular docking supported these findings by indicating favorable binding interactions of major phenolic compounds with target enzymes.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Phytochemical riches and bioactive potential of Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae) from Iran
Pakdelmoradlou, Mina; Yuca, Hafize; Özer, Elif Beyza; Aydın, Bilge; Alkuyruk, Satuk Buğra; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Karadayı, Mehmet; Göger, Gamze; Ekşi Bona, Gülnur; Bona, Mehmet
Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae), a traditionally used medicinal plant, was investigated for its morphological, phytochemical, and biological properties in this comprehensive study. Methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared from different parts of the plant (root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit) and analyzed for their phenolic composition, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and genotoxic activities. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that chlorogenic acid was most abundant in the flower (3045.38 ng/mL) and root (728.53 ng/mL) aqueous extracts, while quinic acid reached 856.27 ng/mL in the root. Quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin were also detected at significant levels. The fruit methanol extract showed the highest total phenolic (100.78 ± 0.0015 µg GAE/mg), flavonoid (603.67 ± 0.0015 µg RE/mg), and tannin (186.22 ± 0.0015 µg TAE/mg) contents. Antioxidant assays demonstrated notable ABTS•⁺ (38.38 ± 0.0042%) and DPPH• (28.43 ± 0.0252%) scavenging capacities in the same extract. Regarding enzyme inhibition, the flower aqueous extract showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (45.58%), while the fruit aqueous extract exhibited moderate α-amylase inhibition (26.33%). The stem methanol extract displayed the highest acetylcholinesterase inhibition (19.02%), whereas the root aqueous extract showed the highest butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (10.76%). Antimicrobial assays revealed moderate antifungal activity, particularly against Candida tropicalis (MIC = 312.5 µg/mL), with the flower and fruit methanol extracts being the most effective. Genotoxicity assessment using Ames and Allium tests confirmed biosafety up to 5 mg/plate and 250 mg/L, respectively, except for flower extracts, which showed slight cytogenotoxicity. Overall, this study highlights O. acanthium as a promising natural source of phenolic compounds with therapeutic potential, particularly in managing oxidative stress, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Comparative Phytochemical Profiling and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Potential of Acca sellowiana (O.Berg) Burret Plant Parts: Antioxidant Activity Supported by LC–MS/MS and Molecular Docking
Akbaba, Ezgi; Güneş, Ferhat; Aydın, Bilge; Yuca, Hafize; Karakaya, Songül; Güvenalp, Zühal
Comparative data on different parts of Acca sellowiana and their enzyme-inhibitory mechanisms remain limited. This study evaluated flower, fruit, leaf, and branch extracts using bioactivity-guided LC–MS/MS and molecular docking to clarify their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were measured, antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays, and inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, AChE, BChE was determined. The most active extract was analyzed by validated LC–MS/MS, major compounds were docked with target enzymes. Leaf extract showed the highest phenolics (89.12 µg GAE/mg), flavonoids (1010.67 µg RE/mg), and tannins (152.44 µg TAE/mg). Branch and leaf exhibited strongest antioxidants (DPPH 61.8%/55.5%; ABTS 51.1%/57.2%), surpassing α-tocopherol. Branch extract showed the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition (IC50 107.9 µg/mL vs. acarbose 3081.8 µg/mL). LC–MS/MS revealed high quercetin, epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic, and gallic acids. Results highlight organ-dependent activity and identify plant as a source of natural α-glucosidase inhibitors.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2026Comprehensive Chemical and Biological Evaluation of Rosa damascena Plant Parts and Industrial Residues Using FTIR-ATR and LC–MS/MS
Bayrak, Burak; Yuca, Hafize; Budak, Yasemin Beyza; Alkuyruk, Satuk Buğra; Özer, Elif Beyza; Bona, Gülnur Ekşi; Aydın, Bilge; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Atila, Alptuğ
This study comprehensively evaluated the phytochemical composition, biological activities, and biosafety profile of different organs and processing by-products of Rosa damascena, with particular emphasis on valorizing pruning residues and distillation wastes. Extraction yields varied among plant parts, with leaves (29.69%) and flowers (14.15%) providing higher recoveries than buds (7.98%) and branches (7.91%). FTIR-ATR spectroscopy differentiated lignocellulosic woody tissues from phenolic- and ester-rich floral materials and confirmed the characteristic aliphatic profile of rose oil. Biological activity assays demonstrated strong α-glucosidase inhibition, particularly in flower extracts (IC50: 37 μg/mL), surpassing acarbose, while branches, buds, and leaves also exhibited high activity; in contrast, hydrosol and essential oil showed no measurable inhibition. Antioxidant capacity assays revealed notable radical scavenging and reducing activities, especially in buds, branches, and flowers, whereas hydrosol and essential oil displayed limited effects. Moderate antimicrobial activity was observed mainly against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans (MIC: 625 μg/mL). LC–MS/MS analysis identified 20 phenolic compounds, with quinic acid as the predominant constituent in buds and flowers. In addition, significant levels of gallic and ellagic acids were detected in distillation wastewater, highlighting the bioactive potential of processing residues. Ames/Salmonella, E. coli WP2, and Allium cepa assays confirmed the absence of genotoxic effects at tested concentrations. Overall, the findings demonstrate that R. damascena organs and industrial by-products represent valuable sources of bioactive compounds, exhibiting in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities associated with potential antidiabetic effects, as well as notable antioxidant capacity, thereby supporting their prospective utilization in functional food and nutraceutical applications.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Bioactive properties of Vicia canescens subsp. variegata (Willd.) P.H. Davis, Fabaceae: antioxidant, antiparkinsonian and relevance to food and agriculture use
Aydın, Bilge; Ertuğrul, Muhammed Sait; Aydın, İsmail Çağrı; Uğan, Rüstem Anıl; Özkaraca, Mustafa; Yuca, Hafize; Özbek, Hilal; Kazaz, Cavit; Okkay, Ufuk; Karakaya, Songül
BACKGROUND: Various Vicia species belonging to the Fabaceae family are known to be used in different parts of the world both in human nutrition and as animal feed, and also have pharmacological potential in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. With this perspective, in the present study, the possible antiparkinsonian effects of extracts prepared from Vicia canescens subsp. variegata were investigated in cell culture and on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's model rats. The effects of the plant on the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease were evaluated by biochemical and histopathological analyses; in addition, the structures of the compounds isolated from the active extracts were elucidated and the in vitro antioxidant and antiparkinsonian activities of these compounds were determined. RESULTS: Methanol and n-butanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts of V. canescens subsp. variegata showed significant antiparkinsonian effects both in cell culture and in a rat model. Histopathological and biochemical analyses were also parallel to in vivo experiments. As a result of the isolation studies, six flavonol glycosides were obtained from the plant, and their antioxidant capacities as well as antiparkinsonian effects were subsequently evaluated. The highest biological effect was observed in quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (quercitrin, VCB-3). CONCLUSION: In the light of the studies, the antiparkinsonian effects of V. canescens subsp. variegata was evaluated. It was seen that they prevented neurodegeneration and the oxidative stress that occurred, and the most effective compounds were determined. Two new compounds named viciacoside A and B have been added to the literature as a result of this research.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Chemical composition and molecular docking analysis of essential oils from the endemic Sideritis argyrea P.H.Davis in Türkiye
Beyza Özer, Elif; Güneş, Ferhat; Yuca, Hafize; Çeçen, Ömer; Aydın, Bilge; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül
This study presents the phytochemical and biological evaluation of the essential oil from Sideritis argyrea P.H.Davis, an endemic species from Türkiye. The oil, obtained by hydrodistillation of flowering aerial parts, had a yield of 0.02% (w/v) and was analyzed by GC–MS and GC–FID. Twenty-nine volatile constituents were identified, mainly comprising monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with β-pinene (21.7%) and α-pinene (12.1%) as the predominant compounds. In vitro assays revealed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition (14.32%) and weak α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, indicating limited anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities. Antioxidant assays (DPPH•, ABTS•+) showed low radical scavenging capacity, consistent with the oil’s low phenolic content. Molecular docking and ADME analyses suggested that cubebol, 9-geranyl-p-cymene, and τ-muurolol exhibited the most favorable enzyme interactions and pharmacokinetic properties among the identified compounds. Although the observed bioactivities were modest, these findings provide valuable preliminary data on the chemical profile and biological properties of S. argyrea essential oil.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Phytochemical analysis and biological evaluation of essential oils and extracts from Heracleum pastinacifolium subsp. incanum (Boiss. & A.Huet) P.H.Davis, an endemic plant from Turkey
Yuca, Hafize; Sefalı, Abdurrahman; Aydın, Bilge; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Yazıcı, Ayşenur; Karakaya, Songül; Demirci, Betül; Çoban, Furkan; Özdemir, Erkan
Essential oil content of and phenolic compounds flower-fruit, root, and aerial parts of Heracleum pastinacifolium subsp. incanum were analysed by GC/MS and LC/MS methods, respectively. Antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant activities of flower-fruit, root, aerial parts methanol extracts were evaluated. Apiole (35.0%), myristicine (72.2%), and myristicine (15.1%) were found as major compounds of fruit-flower mixture, root, aerial part essential oils, respectively. Hesperidin was found the highest amount in aerial part and flower-fruit extracts with 8904.2621 ng/mL and 11558.3634 ng/mL values, respectively. Fruit-flower extract showed the highest activity against α-glucosidase (24%). Root extract demonstrating the highest activity (18%) against AChE enzyme. Flowers-fruits mixture methanol extract had a higher % inhibition value on ABTS·+ and DPPH•. Flowers-fruits mixture methanol extract was rich in total phenol, total tannin, and protein content. All the extracts were determined as genetoxically safe according to the results of Ames/Salmonella, Escherichia coli WP2 and Allium cepa assays.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Investigating the phytochemical profile, biological potentials, morphological, and anatomical characteristics of Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey
Aydın, Bilge; Alkuyruk, Satuk Buğra; Tekman, Enes; Yuca, Hafize; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Çeçen, Ömer; Bona, Gülnur Ekşi; Demirci, Betül; Bona, Mehmet
Cyclotrichium origanifolium, a plant widely used in Eastern and Southern Anatolia for culinary purposes, was subject of this study, which aimed to comprehensively evaluate its potential therapeutic applications. This research stands out due to its holistic approach, combining morpho-anatomical studies, chemical, and biological analyses to explore antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, genotoxic, and anti-genotoxic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as flowering aerial part essential oil. It is a perennial plant, typically ranging from 10 to 40 cm in height, with a suffrutescent and highly branched growth habit. Essential oils are produced within glandular trichomes. Oil, analyzed via GC–MS/MS, revealed 24 compounds accounting for 96.4% of oil, with isomenthone (52.4%), pulegone (23.4%), and β-pinene (9.5%) as predominant components. These findings are significant as they provide new insights into chemical composition of oils, particularly highlighting pharmacologically active compounds. Methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity, correlated with high phenol and tannin content. Essential oil showed moderate inhibition of α-amylase (49.54%) and mild inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (11.84%) and butyrylcholinesterase (16.93%), suggesting potential in managing oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Study also conducted biosafety evaluations using Ames/Salmonella and Allium tests, essential for assessing genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of natural products. Notably, significant antimicrobial effects were identified, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. Comprehensive analysis and discovery of significant bioactivities position this research as a valuable contribution to field, distinguishing it from previous studies on similar species. This study provides a foundational understanding of morpho-anatomical, pharmacological, biological properties of plant, opening avenues for future research.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Anatomical and Morphological Characteristics of Salvia pachystachya Trautv. (Lamiaceae) and Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactivities of Its Essential Oils and Extracts
Asgarlı, Tugay; Yuca, Hafize; Tekman, Enes; Aydın, Bilge; Göger, Gamze; Demirci, Betül; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Alkuyruk, Satuk Buğra; Ekşi Bona, Gülnur; Bona, Mehmet
Salvia pachystachya is a medicinally promising plant species, yet its pharmacological properties remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate its anatomical, phytochemical and bioactive characteristics to assess its therapeutic potential comprehensively. Microscopic analysis revealed distinctive anatomical features, including quadrangular stems and glandular trichomes on leaves, providing valuable insights into the plant's structural properties. Phytochemical profiling of methanol and aqueous extracts identified chlorogenic acid as the major component (11,052.88–25,718.77 ng/mL), while essential oils were predominantly composed of phytol (48.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (26.2%). The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity analyses showed that the methanol extract exhibited significant ABTS•+ scavenging activity (90.06%). Bioactivity assays demonstrated the plant's antidiabetic, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial properties. The LC–MS/MS analysis of extracts revealed that chlorogenic acid was the most abundant secondary metabolite among the analysed compounds, with significant variations across different plant parts and extraction solvents. The highest concentration was detected in the aerial part methanol extract (34,885.06 ng/mL), followed by the flower methanol extract (25,718.77 ng/mL). Genotoxicity assessments, including Ames, Escherichia coli WP2, and Allium cepa tests, confirmed the nongenotoxic nature of the extracts. Furthermore, molecular docking indicated strong binding affinities of chlorogenic and quinic acids to target enzymes, supporting their therapeutic relevance. These findings highlighted S. pachystachya as a promising candidate for further pharmacological research, particularly for its potential in combating oxidative stress-related conditions such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Phytochemical Traits and Biological Activity of Satureja hortensis and Satureja macrantha as Culinary Spices Using GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS Techniques
Elmdoustazar, Pardis; Aydın, Bilge; Önal, Mehmet; Yuca, Hafize; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül; Güvenalp, Zühal
This study evaluates the antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of water and methanol extracts, as well as essential oils, from Satureja macrantha and Satureja hortensis. Chemical characterization was conducted using LC–MS/MS for phenolic profiles and GC–MS for essential oil composition. Biological activities were assessed via DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ assays for antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition for antidiabetic potential, cholinesterase inhibition for anti-Alzheimer activity, and the microdilution method for antimicrobial effects. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity were evaluated using Ames and Allium cepa assays. Rosmarinic acid was most abundant in S. macrantha water extract (50.687.02 ng/mL), while thymol (45.1%) and p-cymene (45.8%) were identified as major oil components. S. hortensis essential oil showed the strongest α-glucosidase (41.33%) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (35.68%), whereas S. macrantha oil exhibited higher acetylcholinesterase inhibition (16.05%). Antioxidant activity was most pronounced in S. macrantha water extract (ABTS˙+: 52.11%, DPPH˙: 28.76%). S. hortensis essential oil demonstrated the most effective antimicrobial properties. These findings suggest that both S. macrantha and S. hortensis could be recommended as safe and effective candidates for use in the development of natural therapeutic agents.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Phytochemical composition and bioactivities of Satureja montana L. and Satureja hortensis L.: Culinary herbs with antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant potential
Coban, Furkan; Lan, Yuzhou; Yetisgin, Gül; Yuca, Hafize; Aydın, Bilge; Angın, Hilal; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül
The increasing global burden of oxidative stress-related conditions, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders underscores the urgent need for multi-targeted, plant-based therapeutic agents. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of various Satureja hortensis and Satureja montana extracts and essential oils. In vitro biological activities were assessed through α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assays, along with DPPH• and ABTS• + radical scavenging assays. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, S. hortensis root methanol extract (ShRME) and herb water extract (ShHWE) exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (69.88% and 71.23%, respectively). Conversely, S. montana herb water extract (SmHWE) and methanol extract (SmHME) showed the highest DPPH• radical scavenging activity (36.28% and 24.37%, respectively). S. montana essential oil (SmEO) demonstrated notable inhibition of AChE (32.58%) and BChE (41.62%) at 1000 µg/mL, while S. hortensis essential oil (ShEO) inhibited BChE by 44.39%. GC-MS analysis revealed that SmEO primarily contained carvacrol (43.72%), γ-terpinene (17.24%), and p-cymene (14.56%), while ShEO was rich in thymol (39.84%), γ-terpinene (20.16%), and p-cymene (13.72%). These phenolic monoterpenes are likely contributors to the observed antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Principal component analysis explained 74.8% of the total variance and clearly separated the samples based on their activity profiles. Extracts were closely associated with glucose-regulating effects, while essential oils clustered with enzyme-inhibiting neuroprotective activities. These findings highlight the multifunctional therapeutic potential of Satureja species and support their further investigation as candidates for the development of plant-derived agents against oxidative stress, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Comparative Study of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Viburnum opulus L. and Viburnum lantana L. (Viburnaceae): LC–MS/MS Profiling of Phenolic Compounds
Effatparvar, Zahra; Aydın, Bilge; Yuca, Hafize; Önal, Mehmet; Zengin, Gökhan; Çiçek Kaya, Ayşe; Karakaya, Songül; Santanatoglia, Agnese; Mustafa, Ahmed; Caprioli, Giovanni
This study aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Viburnum opulus and Viburnum lantana aerial parts methanolic extracts, alongside identification of their bioactive constituents using LC–MS/MS analysis. LC–MS/MS analysis revealed that V. lantana leaves had the highest total polyphenol content (78.955 µg/g dry extract), followed by V. opulus twigs (67.203 µg/g dry extract), with chlorogenic acid being the predominant compound in both species. Antidiabetic potential was assessed through inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, while antioxidant activity was determined via ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, methanolic extracts from leaves, fine branches, and fruits of both species exhibited greater inhibitory activity than the positive control, acarbose, with the leaf extract of V. lantana displaying the strongest inhibition. Regarding antioxidant capacity, V. lantana leaf extracts demonstrated the highest efficacy, outperforming α-tocopherol and Trolox. Notably, in the ABTS radical scavenging assay, V. lantana leaf extracts exhibited superior inhibitory effects compared to α-tocopherol and Trolox.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025From Herbal Tea to Science: Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. chia (Lamiaceae) With Molecular Docking Analysis
Aydın, Bilge; Aydın, Amine Sena; Çeçen, Ömer; Yuca, Hafize; Bona, Gülnur Ekşi; Demirci, Betül; Bona, Mehmet; Karakaya, Songul
The hypothesis that insulin resistance and impaired insulin-like growth factor signaling contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to the designation of AD as “type 3 diabetes.” Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. chia is traditionally used in Türkiye as an analgesic, tonic, and for the external treatment of hemorrhoids and wound healing. This study evaluates antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase activities of methanolic, aqueous extracts, and essential oils from the flowering aerial parts of A. chamaepitys subsp. chia, along with their phytochemical profiles (GC–MS/MS), morphological-anatomical characteristics, and molecular docking analysis. The essential oil yield was 0.002%, comprising 45 compounds (92.5%), with β-pinene (19.8%), α-pinene (12.8%), and germacrene D (10.0%) as major constituents, dominated by monoterpene (39.8%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (23.5%). The methanolic extract exhibited moderate bioactivity, achieving 28.36% α-amylase inhibition at 5000 μg/mL and 21.85% acetylcholinesterase inhibition at 100 μg/mL, while also demonstrating notable antioxidant activity with 23.013% ABTS•+ and 8.114% DPPH• scavenging. It showed the highest total phenolic (14.261 μg GAE/mg) and tannin content (34.444 μg TAE/mg) among the tested extracts. Morphologically, the plant features hairy stems and tripartite leaves with a cuticle, trichomes, and diacytic stomata, while anatomically, it presents collenchyma, starch-filled parenchyma, and a distinct cambium in the stem. Molecular docking studies revealed that germacrene D exhibited strong binding affinities to acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, suggesting multitarget inhibition potential. These findings support the traditional use of A. chamaepitys subsp. chia and highlight its promise as a natural source for therapeutic agents targeting oxidative stress, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025In Vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, and Anticholinergic Properties of Different Parts of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) From the Eastern Black Sea Region, With LC/MS–MS Analysis of Their Chemical Composition in Food Applications
Yuca, Hafize; Ayar, Beyzanur; Aydın, Bilge; Çoban, Furkan; Karakaya, Songül
Diabetes, the most prevalent metabolic disorder, is closely linked to Alzheimer's disease, with DM patients showing a two-fold increased risk of developing AD. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a prominent wild berry, widely used in juice and food production. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the phytochemical composition and biological activities of different parts of wild V. myrtillus plants, including branches, leaves, and fruits. Using LC–MS/MS, the study quantifies total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins in each part. Biological activities are assessed through antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assays), anticholinesterase (neuroprotective potential), and antidiabetic effects. The experiments revealed that the Leaf of Yer Ligarba (YLL) extract had the highest values in terms of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total tannin content. Among the extracts, the highest radical scavenging effect was observed with YLL at 86.67% against DPPH. The leaf extracts, Leaf of Dal Ligarba (DLL) and YLL, demonstrated the highest scavenging effects, with inhibition rates of 99.37% and 99.37%, respectively. At one of the common concentrations, 100 μg/mL, acarbose showed 13.12% inhibition, while the Branch of Dal Ligarba (DLB) extract exhibited 98.67% α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. The highest acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition activities were observed in the Branch of Yer Ligarba (YLB; 27.08%) and the Fruit of Dal Ligarba (DLF; 16%), respectively. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound, particularly in the DLL 58,569.80 ng/mL. This study highlighted the significant phytochemical content and biological activities of wild bilberry extracts, demonstrating their potential for managing diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Analyzing Quinoa Seeds: LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS Approaches for Identifying a Nutrient-Rich Functional Food in Alzheimer's and Diabetes Care
Çoban, Furkan; Yuca, Hafize; Aydın, Bilge; Tosun, Murat; Yazıcı, Abdullah; Karakaya, Songül; Tan, Mustafa; Özer, Hakan; Atila, Alptuğ
Quinoa is a versatile, nutrient-dense, gluten-free pseudocereal, increasingly recognized for its potential health benefits, particularly in managing diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease—two conditions with growing links. Recent research on 14 quinoa genotypes explored fatty oil composition and bioactive potential of quinoa extracts. Linoleic acid was predominant fatty acid (46.60%–56.33%), whereas alanine was the most concentrated amino acid across all active extracts (192.4887–1578.0355 nmol/mL). French Vanilla hexane extract exhibited the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (75.71%), with Santa Ana hexane extract showing the highest α-amylase inhibition (28.58%). Additionally, Titicaca hexane extract displayed notable acetylcholinesterase inhibition (22.22%), and Moqu Arochilla methanol extract had the most potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (47.20%). Antioxidant assays revealed that Salcedo and French Vanilla extracts had exceptional 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, with positive correlations found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, β-carotene, FRAP). These findings emphasize quinoa's potential as a functional food, offering significant benefits for disease management.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Comparative content analysis and biological activity studies of fatty and essential oils from some garlic products sold in Turkish community pharmacies, natural, and fermented garlic
Deniz, Elif Ulutaş; Yuca, Hafize; Aydın, Bilge; Öztürk, Gözde; Çoban, Furkan; Göger, Gamze; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül
Garlic (Alliaceae), an annual herb, is renowned not only for its distinctive flavor but also for its extensive therapeutic applications in managing various ailments and health conditions. In this study, garlic products identified as the best-selling items in Turkish pharmacies for various purposes were compared with garlic grown under standard conditions in terms of chemical composition and antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Three of garlic samples were prepared by researchers. According to survey results, the most commonly sold garlic-related products in pharmacies are black garlic extract tablets (4), capsules (5), garlic oil (6), garlic oil pearls (7), and fermented garlic (8). Diallyl disulfide (DADS) was identified as a predominant compound in sampled oils, ranging from 4.9% to 48.6%. Another noteworthy finding is the identification of allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide as major components in sampled oils, with concentrations spanning from 2.9% to 9.8% and 0.4% to 17.5%, respectively. In both 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS·+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) tests, Sample 1 (fermented) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Sample 3 (cultivated) was richer in total phenol–total tannin content. Sample 6 exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition among antidiabetic activities, reaching 28.93%. Sample 5 capsules demonstrated the highest α-amylase inhibition at 51.50%. Sample 7 exhibited the most notable inhibition against both acetylcholinesterase (22.92%) and butyrylcholinesterase (13.37%). Samples 3, 6, and 8 were found to be more effective against Candida tropicalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 625 μg/mL. A comprehensive study on garlic products, including popular items from Turkish pharmacies and those grown under standard conditions, revealed diverse chemical compositions and multifaceted health properties.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023The anatomical, morphological features, and biological activity of Scilla siberica subsp. armena (Grossh.) Mordak (Asparagaceae)
Aydın, Bilge; Yuca, Hafize; Karakaya, Songul; Bona, Gülnur Ekşi; Göger, Gamze; Tekman, Enes; Şahin, Aydan Acar; Sytar, Oksana; Civas, Ayşe; Canlı, Deniz
Scilla siberica subsp. armena is known as Siberian Squill which is naturally distributed in Lebanon-Syria, Transcaucasus, and Turkey. It is a perennial bulbous plant with a short vegetation period from March to May. In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of corm, leaf, and flower methanolic extracts were examined. The anatomy and morphology of the plant organs were investigated by light and electron microscopes. The anatomy of S. siberica subsp. armena was investigated for the first time by electron microscopy in this study. The corm, leaf, and flower methanolic extracts were assessed against E. coli ATCC 8739, S. aureus ATCC 6538, B. subtilis ATCC 19,659, C. albicans ATCC 10,231, C. krusei ATCC 14,243, and C. tropicalis ATCC 750. Among the extracts, that obtained from the blue pollen showed the best antimicrobial activity against C. tropicalis ATCC 750 strain with a MIC value of 312.5 µg/mL. The highest phenolic content was determined in leaf extract with 53.59211 µg GAE/mg extract value. The extract showed the best anti-lipid peroxidation activity with 376.69 µg/mL value. Using DPPH· and ABTS·+ tests, it was determined that the flower and leaf extracts have the best activity (IC50 = 756.13 μg/mL and IC50 = 94.07 μg/mL, respectively). The flower extract exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 5239 µg/mL. Based on the presented results of the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of the S. siberica subsp. armena, we suggest that natural compounds from S. siberica subsp. armena are of potential use for the improvement of an antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023Phytochemical screening, biological evaluation, anatomical, and morphological investigation of Ferula tingitana L. (Apiaceae)
Karakaya, Songül; Yuca, Hafize; Yılmaz, Gülderen; Aydın, Bilge; Tekman, Enes; Ekşi, Gülnur; Bona, Mehmet; Göger, Gamze; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf
Ferula tingitana L. is a high perennial plant and its leaf is an alternate arrangement and yellow, and its flowers are unisexual like other Apiaceae. It has been used as a spice and for various medicinal purposes in the Mediterranean region. The paper reports antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and genotoxic activities of leaves, flowers, stems, and fruits methanol extracts of F. tingitana. Also, quantitative determination of some secondary metabolites was also analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Moreover, chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed. Consequently, anatomical, and morphological properties of plant were investigated. Germacrene D (23.6%), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (18.4%), and α-pinene (50.0%) were found as the main compounds in flower, leaf, and stem oils, respectively. The cortex in stem, pedicel, and fruit is characterized by angular collenchyma cells and a distinct cambium layer. 6 compounds (quinic acid, fumaric acid, keracyanin chloride, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin) were observed in samples. Leaf extract showed anticholinesterase activity. Leaf and flower extracts showed the highest % inhibition value on ABTS·+ and DPPH•. Leaf extract has the strongest antioxidant effect because it is rich in total phenolic contents. All extracts of F. tingitana were found generally effective against C. albicans. Stem extract was found effective against E. coli and flower extract was found more effective against S. enterica and C. albicans. Bacterial genotoxicity results showed that extracts did not have genotoxic activity on tester strains S. typhimurium and E. coli WP2uvrA. Thus, it revealed that extracts were genotoxic-ally safe at applied concentrations up to 3 mg/plate. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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