Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- ArticleYalnız künye2023Development of fractional sinus pulse width modulation with β gap on three step signal processing
Can, Erol; Sayan, Hasan Hüseyin
Pulse width modulation (PWM) is a very important application in the switch control of inverter and converter circuits in power electronics. In order to make a quality energy conversion, the control of the switches in multi-level inverters is usually done with Sinus Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM). With this PWM structure while creating high-level voltages, unnecessary operation of the switches and sources that make up the lower level is provided at some time intervals. This causes shortening of switch life and power losses due to extra source and switch operation. To solve this problem, a new Fractional Sinus Pulse Width Modulation (FSPWM) development with (Formula presented.) gap on a signal processing method in three steps is presented. In the MATLAB Simulink application, after the development of the FSPWM is presented, the developed Fractional Sinus Pulse Width Modulation (FSPWM) is compared with the traditional SPWM, and it is shown how to mute switches and sources during unnecessary operating times.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023A flexible closed-loop (fcl) pid and dynamic fuzzy logic + pid controllers for optimization of dc motor
Can, Erol; Toksoy, Mustafa Serdar
For electrical machines and power circuits to operate at high performance, it is important to control them at the optimum point. So, in this study, a flexible closed-loop (FCL) PID and PID FUZZY study is presented. Different from other studies, different controls can be activated for different positions and durations within the total operating time of the motor. At the same time, by applying four inputs for fuzzification in the designed fuzzy logic control section, 3 different outputs are provided to the PID control in three defuzzification sections. So, Dynamic Fuzzy logic interactivity is ensured with PID on load. This, unlike other PID FUZZY controllers, provides a more effective application of error and error change to the system. In the second chapter, DC motors and controls are explained. In the third chapter, designed controls and dc motor applications are made. The results obtained in practice reveal the effectiveness of the proposed system after compared with conventional P, PI and PID.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Investigation of the effect of the gap at the zero-crossing point of PWMs creating the first level voltage in a multi-level inverter
Can, Erol; Sayan, Hasan Hüseyin
The usage of multi-level inverters in converting direct current to alternating current is one of the most demanded and used methods. While creating multi-level voltage with inverters, the operating times of the switches that constitute the first step of the alternating voltage determine the gap of the step at the zero-crossing point. This situation can be preferred to create an extra level. Therefore, this article examines the effect of variation in operating times and frequencies of first-step PWMs on this zero-crossing point. First, the inverter structure providing load voltage is given in the study. Then, the transition of PWM run times is tried for different first-level voltages on the loads. The results obtained show the operation times of PWM at the transition point are quite effective on the load currents and voltages.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023A Common Capacitor Hybrid Buck-Boost Converter
Can, Erol
DC-DC converters are electronic circuit elements that are frequently used to change the direct current (DC) level. This paper presents a hybrid buck-boost converter-with constant modulation index-that can change a DC voltage at two directions compared to the conventional buck-boost DC-DC converters. First, the circuit structure and operation are given. Then, the performance of the proposed converter is tested on resistive and inductive loads, and compared with that of conventional buck-boost converters. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter. They unveil that the proposed converter-compared to the conventional buck-boost converters – produces a higher and flexible rate of conversion without changing the operating ratio of the switches. Moreover, the proposed converter is able to change the voltage on double way on load for a constant operating ratio, while the traditional converters provide a one-way conversion.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2022The inverter with reverse connected double converter driving unbalanced loads
Can, Erol
Inverter circuits play an important role in providing energy to multiple loads or energy lines. In cases where power lines or loads are unbalanced, it is important to balance and regulate the power it carries. Therefore, in this study, an inverter structure with an inverted connecting double dc-dc converter is used to drive unbalanced loads. While load balancing is performed by changing the widths of the pulse width modulation that make up the voltage in load balancing methods in other inverter studies, the maximum point of the generated voltage is changed by affecting the operating times of the converters in this study. First, the circuit structure and the working order of the circuit are given. Then three-phase balanced and unbalanced loads are driven. The unbalanced loads driven are finally balanced with the proposed circuit structure. Distortions of load currents are decreased as %3, 51. This distortion value is lower than 4% reported by the international IEEE, while the obtained load currents maintain a smooth sinusoidal structure.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2022A new multi-level inverter with reverse connected dual dc to dc converter at simulation
Can, Erol
It is very important to drive loads and control the electrical devices with changing electrical energy levels and change a voltage form. While DC-DC converters are used to change the value level of direct current (DC) electrical energy, inverters are used to change its form such as alternating voltage. Unlike these studies in the literature, for the first time, dc-dc converters are used to a new device structure to convert dc electrical energy into alternating current (AC) electrical energy and they can also change an amplitude of the multi-level voltage. So, the paper presents a multi-level inverter with reverse connected dual dc to dc converter. Firstly, the circuit structure and the signals that control the circuit are given and the operating logic is explained. Then, the proposed circuit is gradually modeling in MATLAB Simulink. After that, the circuit is operated in MATLAB Simulink and its performance is measured. According to the results obtained, the new circuit structure gives highly successful results.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2022EXTRA CONTROL COEFFICIENT ADDITIVE ECCA-PID FOR CONTROL OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANIC SYSTEM
Can, Erol
Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are frequently used control methods for mechanical and electrical systems. Controller values are chosen either by calculation or by experimentation to obtain a satisfactory response in the system and to optimise the response. Sometimes the controller values do not quite capture the desired system response due to incorrect calculations or approximate entered values. In this case, it is necessary to add features that can make a comparison with the existing traditional system and add decision-making features to optimise the response of the system. In this article, the decision-making unit created for these control systems to provide a better control response and the PID system that contributes an extra control coefficient called ECCA-PID is presented. First, the structure and design of the traditional PID control system and the ECCA-PID control system are presented. After that, ECCA-PID and traditional PID methods’ step response of a quadratic system are examined. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2022Variable determined for optimization of alternating energy on the load by the adaptive Taguchi method
Can, Erol
It is important to find the optimum point in terms of energy quality in the studies for electrical energy conversions with the converter and inverter circuits. In such studies, the authors tried to find the optimum operating point by using control systems such as PID and Fuzzy Logic in closed-loop controls. When a large number of variables are involved in finding the optimum point, closed-loop control methods such as these may be insufficient to find the optimum point. Therefore, in this study, the Adaptive Taguchi Method (ATM) with the maximum-minimum value is used for the estimation of variables providing the optimum point for energy quality by using it in a multilevel inverter with a double DC-DC converter. While in traditional Taguchi Methods, dependent variables predict the results by revealing their effects on independent variables, in ATM, besides the effects of the independent variables, the effects of different dependent variables on each other are also estimated. First, the system to which the ATM will be applied is introduced. Then, the principles of applying the ATM are explained. In the known Taguchi method, variable values to be found with 34 = 81 trials, variables are estimated with 27 trials, while the values of two different dependent variables in the system can be found with 54 trials instead of 2×34= 2×81 trials. The resulting values to be estimated with the proposed ATM method are estimated with 27 trials instead of 2×81 or 54 trials. Finally, the observation results to be used for estimation are analyzed and evaluated. By trying the prediction results, it is seen that the proposed system is quite effective because the estimated result value that is %3.71 in the experiments gives a lesser distortion value than the values used for prediction.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2021Operation of DC Motor with Multi-Level Inverter in PWAM Method
Can, Erol
DC motor control with switching methods is an interesting devise with many practical applications. A DC-DC buck-boost converter is one of the methods used to operate the DC motor. Although the-DC buck-boost converter for dc motor applications has been widely studied, they have some handicaps. In this study, the multi-level inverter structure that is different from the methods of DC motor driving is used to drive the DC motor. There will be no passive elements in the proposed circuit although the dc-dc converters have passive elements. So, while the inadequacies for the loads needing high current will be eliminated, the handicaps of the switching can be avoided. Current, torque, and voltage on the load will also be created by Pulse Width Amplitude Method (PWAM). As a different from other Pulse width modulation methods (PWM); the torque, current, and voltage of the motor can be controlled with PWAM in the horizontal and vertical axes. In the design stage; inverter switch structure and operation are given after the method of produced PWMs introduced. The equations of the voltages that will occur in the loads are created according to the working structure of the switches. DC motor structure is also given. In the simulation stage; Continuous and discontinuous modes of the proposed circuit are performed. Then torque of dc motor, armature current and speed are tested according to switching at different frequencies and different modulation indices.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2020Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Logic Method of Noised Electrical Signals for Correction
Can, Erol
In this article, the correction of the distorted electrical signal with an adaptive neural fuzzy logic (ANFIS) is discussed due to noise forming at the electrical signal. A sinusoidal signal is widely used both in load supply and in modulation techniques for control and information transport. While the deterioration in a structure of the sinusoidal signal causes energy losses on the power system, it also causes damage to the control signals in the circuit and information transmission signals in telecommunication. Therefore, after considering the structure of the pure reference signal equation, a noise that can occur in the sine structure is included in the reference signal structure. So, an interference signal is formed with the unknown nonlinear process from another noise source for creating the information signal because of an interference signal needs. After an interference signal is generated, the measuring signal is given in the sum of the pure reference signal and the interference signal. For the correction stage of the signals, at inputs of the adaptive fuzzy logic system in the Matlab toolbox, the source signal with noise and the measuring signal values are entered. Then, the experiment is performed via a 3-triangular membership function. When the results are observed, it is seen that the signal which is distorted after the correction operations is very close to the reference signal.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2020Energy transformation without using filter on high resistive load
Can, Erol
In this paper, 9-level, 17-level, 19-level, 21-level, 27-level, and 39- level inverters with SPWM are presented. According to a switching function, the high-multilevel inverter design has been described since a new multi-level inverter structure is considered. The multilevel inverter structure is designed with placing switches and sources on levels. Pulse width modulation, controlling switches in the inverter structure, is also produced by comparison between triangles and sinus signals. Operating sequences of the switches are given in the table in order to demonstrate the inverter operation characteristic with the produced signals. Then, mathematical equations are formed by considering an operation of switches on the load. In simulations and experiments, the 9-level, 17-level, 19-level, 21-level, 27-level, and 39-level inverters are performed on the resistance (R) and inductance (L) loads with different resistance, because it is difficult to generate current and voltage with an acceptable harmonic distortion on the impedances which have high ohmic values. After applications of experimentation and simulation, the obtained results are compared with other published papers of results and the international IEEE standard, which is 5% for harmonic distortions of creating currents and voltages.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2020The levels effect of the voltage generated by an inverter with partial source on distortion
Can, Erol
It is very important that the quality of the energy obtained is at a high level while alternating energy is obtained from the direct current energy source. In order to improve the energy quality by reducing the harmonics in the generation of the alternating current, numerous studies have been done on multi-level inverter hardware structures and switching techniques. However, the effect of the slope formed by the difference between the levels in the generated multi-level alternating voltage structure on the resulting harmonic distortions has not been studied so far. So, the paper researches the effects of the inclination between the levels of the alternating voltage generated on load by the inverter. Firstly, after the multi-level inverter structure which can produce four levels of voltage is determined, the operation of this inverter is given in the tabular form. The value of voltage formation gradients (VFG) is calculated according to a generation of multi-level voltages with different amplitude sizes between the levels of the voltage on the R L load after simulation of the system is performed at the Matlab Simulink. After that, obtained load voltages at the simulation are validated in the experiment. The effects of these gradients on the quality of the voltages are determined by measuring harmonic distortions. When the distortion values obtained according to the slope of the alternating voltage structures are analysed, it is seen that the distortion values change significantly as the slope changes. Harmonic distortion caused by VFGs gives the appropriate source values that form voltage levels for the system. Therefore, if the harmonic distortion of the current produced in the load is to be reduced or eliminated, voltage levels of alternating must be generated according to the proposed VFG method.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2019The Application of Multi-Phase Power Distribution Line with Pure Energy Conversion
Can, Erol
This paper discusses the power transmission of a six-phase power line with a six-phase LPWM inverter. The 20 km long line with six-phase is formed to be fed from the 6-phase multi-level inverter. The structure of the line and the elements of the power line are given in the design phase. After that, mathematical analysis of the power line is done to present information on the line structure and the relationship between the variables of the line. In the application stage, the described line is operating in Matlab Simulink. The input voltage of the line, the voltage of the RC parallel filter on the line and the voltage of the 1MW load on the line are measured. Six phase flux of the power is measured according to b2 and b4 bus points. Harmonic distortion of created voltages is measured. The harmonic distortion of the voltage on the Z(2) impedance is 0.12%. This level of deterioration is well below the international standard of 5% and is an ideal result for loads that need a pure multi-phase magnetic field. 6-phase voltage is measured at 244V amplitude on a 6-phase load with 1 MVA power connecting the secondary side of the transformer. Then, the distortion of this voltage is close to zero. This result is highly desirable for a load on the power line. Based on the results obtained, the power is transmitted over a 20 km long line with high quality successfully.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2019PWM CONTROLLING OF A NEW MULTI DC-DC CONVERTER CIRCUIT
Can, Erol
The design and development of DC-DC converter circuits are important for increasing and decreasing the direct current energy sources at operating the loads and systems. In this study, a multi DC-DC converter structure is described. The purpose of creating this circuit structure is to create a more effective circuit by offering a different circuit structure. For the proposed DC-DC converter, a circuit structure with five switches is created. This circuit structure is described by mathematical models according to the operation of the four parts PWMs in different time periods. After the mathematical analysis of the circuit structure, the proposed circuit and conventional circuit are operated in the Matlab Simulink. The obtained results are compared. According to the comparisons, the proposed circuit produces a higher output voltage than the traditional one and has a higher performance. Additionally, the circuit is operated for values of different loads using different switching times. Finally, voltages and currents are observed on loads.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2019POWER REGULATION BY COUPLE HALF WAVE LPWM RECTIFIER AT THREE-PHASE LOADS
Can, Erol
The paper presents an application of power control by couple half wave LPWM rectifiers processing at the energy distribution line. The switching method with the components of semiconductor for alternating energy control in the energy distribution line is used on alternating energy sources. In three-phase power line and load, power control and regulation are done with the proposed modulation correction index (MCI). Therefore, the simulation model of 3-phase energy distribution is established after the relationships between the energy sources and the circuit elements are determined by the circuit analysis method. The controls of the current and the voltage are done by trying at the different loads in the line at the simulation. According to the modulation correction index (MCI), currents of unbalanced loads are balanced by the proposed method on the power line. Then, the balance currents and powers that MCI provides are calculated. Finally, a power line of 15 km at length that is created by connecting the model of RLC is tested. Obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2019The Load Performance of Multi-Level Alternating Voltage Provided by Upgrade Effect
Can, Erol
In this paper, the applications of the multi-level inverter with a partial inductor are investigated on different loads. The operation of the inverter is given according to different conditions of the circuit at the six-part duty times. Mathematical equations for the inverter are forming according to the load which is resistive (R), inductive (L), and Capacitive (C) in serial connection. After describing the circuit structure, Matlab SIMULINK also simulates the circuit for loads that are RLC, and a single-phase asynchronous motor. While the voltage and current measurements for the RLC load are performed; measurements of the main winding current, auxiliary winding current, electromagnetic torque, speed are made on the asynchronous motor. RLC loads are operated at high current values such as 297A in order to examine the suitability of the proposed system for systems that may require high current. When the current harmonic distortions of RLC loads are observed, the distortion values are acceptable values that are lower than % 5 that is international standards of the IEEE. In another hand, despite the voltage is insufficient for supplying the motor at the motor application, the voltage is upgraded with the boost effect of the inverter. So, the voltage is both a multilevel and sufficient. According to the obtained results, it is shown that multi-level inverter design has been successfully performed by using partial inductor source.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2019Fault determination and analysis of complex switching structure at multilevel inverter
Can, Erol
In energy conversion studies, some situations have been aimed at up to now. According to this, while the direct voltage is converted from some renewable energy sources to the alternating voltage, the shape of the voltage must be close to the sinus. Therefore, the works are being done on inverters with multi-levels. As the level of the inverters increases, the number of switches and control signals on them increases and it becomes harder to find the possible errors. Finding faults of a device with a large number of transistors with control signals is important, very difficult, and time-consuming task. This paper addresses the issue of determining fault conditions for a multi-level inverter with a very complex switching scheme. The results are analyzed and evaluated after the values obtained in the simulation are validated by the experimental study. For different switch fault conditions at the applications, the harmonic distortion of the alternating voltage is measured and made into tables. After that, different fault conditions of the 21-level inverter structure are explained when fault curves are created from the distortion value of the fault signals.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2019Mathematical algorithm of fuzzy logic controller for multilevel inverter creating vertical divided voltage
Can, Erol
A 9-level inverter with a boost converter has been controlled with a fuzzy logic controller and a PID controller for regulating output voltage applications on resistive (R) and inductive (L), capacitance (C). The mathematical model of this system is created according to the fuzzy logic controlling new high multilevel inverter with a boost converter. The DC-DC boost converter and the multi-level inverter are designed and explained, when creating a mathematical model after a linear pulse width modulation (LPWM), it is preferred to operate the boost multi-level inverter. The fuzzy logic control and the PID control are used to manage the LPWM that allows the switches to operate. The fuzzy logic algorithm is presented by giving necessary mathematical equations that have second-degree differential equations for the fuzzy logic controller. After that, the fuzzy logic controller is set up in the 9-level inverter. The proposed model runs on different membership positions of the triangles at the fuzzy logic controller after testing the PID controller. After the output voltage of the converter, the output voltage of the inverter and the output current of the inverter are observed at the MATLAB SIMULINK, the obtained results are analysed and compared. The results show the demanded performance of the inverter and approve the contribution of the fuzzy logic control on multi-level inverter circuits.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2019The design and experimentation of the new cascaded DC-DC boost converter for renewable energy
Can, Erol
After renewable energy generated, a direct current value is converted to a direct current value at another level for a power electronics and power system application that is often considered. In this article, the design and application of a new generation multi-time cascaded DC-DC converter are discussed. The dc-to-dc converter is three-levels, and the switches for each step have a working time and a non-working time. Mathematical models are established depending on the relationship between current and voltage according to the operating and non-operating states of the switches at each stage. After these mathematical models are creating, the new generation multi-timed DC-DC converter is run in Matlab Simulink and simulation results are validated in experimentation. The output voltage and inductor current are observed with a scope. Then, the results from the proposed converter are compared with the results of the traditional converters. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed dc-dc converter.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2018THE MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF A POWER TRANSMISSION LINE SUPPLIED BY A SOLAR POWER PLANT
Can, Erol
This article deals with the energy transmission line system which feeds from solar energy at the MATLAB Simulink. So, direct voltage is considered to be converted as an alternating voltage by a 35-level inverter after the solar power plant which has the power of 110 MW produce 360 kV of direct voltage. A line which covers 240 km of distance is preferred to transmit electrical power from the A1 point to an A2 point. Due to this, the required mathematical equations are calculated with a circuit analyzing method for the line modeling in the simulation. Experiments on the model are carried out at the MATLAB Simulink after the creation of an energy transmission line. After that, when measurements are made taking into consideration the A2 node; the capacitor voltage, the transformer current, the A2 node current, and the fault current, values are given according to the converted voltage at the frequencies of 100 Hz, 80 Hz, and 50 Hz. The obtained results demonstrate the success of the proposed line system, while power is distributed with eliminated fault at a long distance at different frequencies.
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