Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- ArticleYalnız künye2027A hybrid Fuzzy neural network approach for nonlinear control systems: Performance, adaptability, and robustness
Can, Erol
This study presents a Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN)-based control architecture for nonlinear control mapping and evaluates its performance using a stable second-order benchmark plant. The proposed FNN combines a compact seven-rule fuzzy structure with a hybrid AND/OR inference mechanism and a hybrid learning strategy based on Least Squares Estimation (LSE) and Gradient Descent (GD). Five operating-condition variables are used as fuzzy inputs, while Gaussian membership functions represent the antecedent variables. LSE is employed to estimate the consequent parameters, whereas GD is used to adapt the antecedent membership-function parameters during offline training. The proposed controller is compared with classical PID and conventional Fuzzy controllers, as well as Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Takagi-Sugeno (TSK), and Interval Type-2 Fuzzy (IT2Fuzzy) controllers under common benchmark simulation conditions. The evaluation considers transient response, gain variations, external disturbances, measurement noise, and parameter perturbations. Under the reported nominal step-response comparison, the proposed FNN achieves a rise time of 0.72 s, a settling time of 1.28 s, and zero measured overshoot. The IT2-Fuzzy controller achieves an overshoot of 4.03%, whereas PID, conventional Fuzzy, ANFIS, and TSK exhibit overshoots of 16.30%, 12.63%, 14.77%, and 9.48%, respectively. Sensitivity and noise analyses further indicate that the proposed seven-rule architecture maintains favorable performance under the investigated parameter variations and measurement-noise conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed FNN provides a compact and interpretable framework for nonlinear control mapping, offering favorable transient performance with limited rule complexity. Since the evaluation is based on numerical simulations, experimental validation on physical control platforms is required to further assess its practical applicability.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Adaptive hybrid control algorithm for integrated wind-solar energy systems: Enhancing efficiency and minimizing environmental impact
Can, Erol
This study introduces a three-tier adaptive control strategy designed for hybrid wind - solar energy systems, with the goal of optimizing energy capture, stabilizing the DC bus voltage, and enhancing overall system performance under varying environmental conditions. The control framework incorporates a TSR-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for the wind turbine, a temperature-sensitive Perturb-and-Observe (P&O) MPPT for the photovoltaic array, and a real-time energy coordination system that dynamically adjusts the power allocation between wind and solar sources based on their instantaneous availability. A conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller manages the DC bus voltage, minimizing fluctuations and ensuring seamless integration with energy storage or the grid. The proposed approach is adaptable to both off-grid and grid-connected microgrids and is computationally efficient for real-time application. Simulation results from four typical scenarios - including high wind/low solar, low wind/high solar, intermittent generation, and balanced generation - show system efficiencies consistently exceeding 92%, along with a substantial reduction in voltage ripple when compared to traditional MPPT techniques. These findings validate the effectiveness of the coordinated control strategy in maintaining power quality, system reliability, and stable energy output, offering a scalable and practical solution for integrating renewable energy into microgrid systems.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026A new full insulated multi output DC-DC converter for photovoltaic energy regulation and multi-battery charging
Can, Erol
The integration of solar energy into electronic devices and battery-charging systems is highly valued due to its status as a clean, environmentally friendly power source. To satisfy energy demands while minimising environmental impact, it is essential to adopt efficient, sustainable technologies. This study introduces a multi-output (dual-inductor, single-capacitor) LLC DC-DC converter designed for battery charging applications, capable of independently charging multiple batteries while reducing input voltage fluctuations from photovoltaic (PV) sources. The proposed converter features independently operated coils for each output channel, preventing long-duration short circuits in the inductors. It achieves high-voltage conversion with reduced output voltage variation, offering greater safety and stability compared to conventional converter designs. A key advantage of this system is its ability to deliver different voltage levels across outputs, enabling flexible, simultaneous charging of various batteries and loads. Initially, circuit modelling and system definition are performed to illustrate these benefits. The dual-inductor, dual-output converter is then evaluated under varying temperatures and irradiance levels during the application phase. Results show reduced ripple levels and increased PV output voltage with lower oscillation while maintaining electrical isolation between batteries and loads.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026UAV DC Motor behaviors control using new hybrid PSO-fuzzy logic with a dynamic error based optimization
Can, Erol
This study introduces a novel and comprehensive control architecture for DC motor speed regulation in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), leveraging a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Fuzzy Logic (PSO-FL) strategy. UAV platforms inherently exhibit highly nonlinear, time-varying, and uncertain dynamics, which often challenge the efficacy of traditional control techniques such as Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers and conventional fuzzy logic systems. To overcome these limitations, a dual-layer PSO-FL controller is proposed, wherein the PSO algorithm is utilized to optimize both fuzzification and defuzzification parameters, thereby enhancing controller adaptability and precision. Moreover, a Centralized Agent Optimization (CAO) framework is integrated to accelerate convergence and improve overall computational efficiency. The proposed controller dynamically adjusts membership functions and rule weights in real time, enabling robust, stable, and rapid system responses even under sudden aerodynamic perturbations and variable payload conditions. Extensive simulation and experimental validations confirm the superior performance of the proposed method over classical PID, PSO-tuned PID, and conventional fuzzy logic controllers, demonstrating faster rise times, reduced overshoot, and minimized steady-state error. These findings significantly advance the development of intelligent UAV control systems by effectively combining swarm intelligence with human-like reasoning methodologies.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2026Adaptive Vibration Suppression in High-Speed Precision Drives Using Multi-Modal Sensor Fusion and Actuator Parameter Tuning
Can, Erol
Background High-speed precision drive systems, such as servo motors and fast-steering platforms, are often affected by coupled torsional and bending vibrations. These vibrations reduce system stability, prolong settling time, and limit achievable control bandwidth, particularly in applications requiring high precision and rapid response. Purpose This study aims to develop a simulation-based adaptive vibration suppression approach capable of simultaneously mitigating torsional and bending vibrations while enhancing dynamic performance and control accuracy in high-speed precision drive systems. Methods A simulation model of a high-speed precision drive system was developed by integrating a distributed multi-modal sensor network with an adaptive control strategy. The system incorporates fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors, piezoelectric torque sensors, and MEMS accelerometers to monitor vibration modes. A real-time sensor-fusion algorithm identifies dominant vibration frequencies and modes, and an adaptive PD controller dynamically adjusts actuator parameters-such as torque limits, damping coefficients, and phase compensation-based on the simulated structural response under different disturbance scenarios. Results Simulation results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Time-domain analysis shows that peak torsional vibration amplitudes are reduced by 65%, while bending vibration amplitudes are reduced by 58%. RMS analysis indicates that torsional vibrations decrease from 0.021 rad to 0.008 rad, and bending vibrations decrease from 0.018 m to 0.007 m. In addition, the adaptive control strategy improves settling time by 40% and provides a more stable steady-state response compared to conventional fixed-gain controllers. Conclusions The results confirm that the proposed simulation-based adaptive vibration suppression system effectively reduces multi-mode vibrations and enhances system stability. By combining distributed sensing, real-time modal analysis, and adaptive actuator tuning within a simulation framework, the approach provides a robust and efficient solution, demonstrating strong potential for the development of self-sensing and self-tuning high-speed precision drive systems.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Hybrid PID-fuzzy based adaptive sensor switching strategy for intelligent radiation monitoring systems
Can, Erol
Radiation monitoring systems require high sensitivity, stability, and adaptability under dynamically changing environmental conditions. Conventional fixed-sensitivity sensor architectures often suffer from reduced accuracy under high radiation levels, increased noise effects at low radiation levels, and unnecessary energy consumption due to continuous high-sensitivity operation. This study proposes a novel hybrid adaptive control framework that integrates Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control, Sugeno-type fuzzy logic inference, and threshold-based sensor switching within a unified architecture. The proposed method dynamically adjusts sensor sensitivity by evaluating both radiation intensity and PID error behavior. A mathematical control model defined as u(t) = alpha uPID(t)+beta uFLC(t)+gamma R(t)/Rmax is implemented to generate a continuous adaptive control signal for real-time sensor switching. Simulation results under four distinct operating conditions demonstrate that radiation intensity provides the dominant contribution for sensitivity transition, while PID error improves transient regulation and system response. A threshold-based switching mechanism (u(t)>uth = 4) effectively separates low- and high-sensitivity operating regions without causing instability. The results confirm that the proposed hybrid architecture improves responsiveness, robustness, and operational efficiency compared with fixed-sensitivity monitoring approaches. The main contribution of this study is the integration of continuous PID-fuzzy control regulation with discrete sensor selection in a single adaptive framework, providing a scalable solution for intelligent radiation sensing applications and next-generation monitoring systems.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026An adaptive hybrid energy management system for UAVs integrating fuzzy logic, solar forecasting and real-time control
Can, Erol
This study presents a hybrid energy management system (EMS) for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), integrating flexible photovoltaic (PV) panels with a high-capacity lithium-polymer (Li-Po) battery to enhance flight endurance and energy resilience. The proposed EMS features a multi-layered adaptive control architecture, combining fuzzy logic-based decision-making, short-term solar irradiance prediction using machine learning and closed-loop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) motor control. This architecture dynamically allocates power based on real-time solar irradiance, battery state of charge (SOC) and propulsion load. The approach aims to minimise battery stress while ensuring stable UAV operation under variable environmental conditions. Simulation results indicate that, without PV support, the UAV battery depletes in approximately 28 min. However, incorporating an 80 W PV panel extends the endurance to 37 min, and a 160 W effective PV configuration increases the flight time to over 50 min, while maintaining the SOC above 20%. This corresponds to a 79% improvement in endurance and nearly a 50% reduction in net battery energy consumption. The EMS effectively mitigates deep discharge cycles, improving battery health and operational lifespan. These findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid EMS provides a scalable, adaptive and computationally efficient solution for balancing renewable and stored energy. It outperforms conventional static or single-source control strategies, particularly under fluctuating solar conditions.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Energy-Aware Adaptive Altitude Control of UAVs via Fuzzy–PSO Optimization Within a Port-Hamiltonian Framework Under Icing and Sensor Noise
Can, Erol
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly deployed in complex, safety–critical missions where robust control under environmental uncertainties—such as in-flight icing and sensor noise—is essential. These disturbances degrade aerodynamic performance, flight stability, and tracking accuracy, challenging conventional control methods. This paper presents a novel control framework that synergistically integrates a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) with online adaptive tuning via Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), embedded within a port-Hamiltonian (PH) modeling structure. The PH framework ensures physically consistent, energy-aware representation of UAV dynamics, enabling rigorous Lyapunov-based stability analysis and passivity guarantees. The key innovation lies in combining adaptive fuzzy control with an energy-based PH system model, which together enhance robustness against complex, nonlinear disturbances, such as icing and sensor noise, while simultaneously optimizing energy efficiency. Extensive simulations under realistic environmental and parametric uncertainties demonstrate significant improvements over traditional PID and standalone fuzzy controllers, including up to 85.7% reduction in altitude tracking error and 31.6% decrease in total energy consumption. Importantly, the approach maintains computational tractability by employing a simplified planar 3-DOF model focusing on translational and pitch dynamics—acknowledged as a main limitation and direction for future work. This integrated methodology advances the state-of-the-art by bridging adaptive intelligent control with rigorous physics-based modeling, providing a scalable and robust solution for next-generation autonomous UAVs operating safely in uncertain and adverse conditions.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Hybrid Plasma–GaNSemiconductor Trigger Switch for Ultra-fast High-power Pulsed Applications: a Numerical Study
Can, Erol
Abstract: This study presents a numerical investigation of a Hybrid Plasma–Semiconductor Trigger Switch (HPTS) combining a GaN-based driver with a low-pressure pseudo-spark discharge channel. The objective is to evaluate the potential of integrating deterministic semiconductor switching with high-current plasma conduction for pulsed-power applications. A dynamic simulation model was developed to capture the interaction between time-dependent plasma conductivity, GaN driver dynamics, and circuit parasitics. Simulated results indicate that the HPTS can achieve sub-nanosecond jitter (less than 0.5 ns), bidirectional current conduction up to ±17 kA, and current rise rates of 300–400 A/ns. Performance is shown to improve with lower discharge pressures and faster driver rise. Comparative analysis with reported experimental data for thyratron and pseudo-spark switches demonstrates that the simulated HPTS achieves faster switching, higher timing precision, and improved energy transfer efficiency (96–97%). These findings highlight the potential of HPTS architectures for high-speed pulsed-power systems, while clarifying that the reported results are derived from numerical simulations rather than physical experiments.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Phenomenologically broadened quasi-static Bogoliubov–de gennes framework for driven superconductivity in a two-dimensional attractive hubbard model
Can, Erol
A self-consistent Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) framework is developed to investigate the superconducting response of a two-dimensional attractive Hubbard model under externally applied electromagnetic driving. The electric field is incorporated through a gauge-invariant Peierls substitution, while finite quasiparticle spectral broadening is introduced phenomenologically through an effective spectral-lifetime parameter. The calculations examine the dependence of the superconducting order parameter, quasiparticle spectrum, and numerical convergence on the driving-field strength and phenomenological spectral broadening. The results show that increasing the field strength generally suppresses the superconducting order parameter through field-induced modifications of the electronic dispersion and hopping phases. Finite spectral broadening modifies the calculated quasiparticle spectrum and, in the parameter regimes investigated, can improve the numerical stability of the self-consistent solution. Importantly, the phenomenological lifetime parameter is interpreted as a spectral-lifetime parameter rather than as a microscopic quasiparticle relaxation time. The present formulation does not explicitly evolve the nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution, calculate energy transfer to an external environment, or establish a genuine nonequilibrium steady state. Instead, the calculations provide a quasi-static, phenomenologically broadened description of the superconducting response under external driving. The proposed approach offers a computationally efficient framework for systematically studying field-dependent superconductivity and the sensitivity of self-consistent BdG solutions to finite quasiparticle spectral broadening.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Adaptive radiation- and plasma-resilient power electronics for deep-space applications
Can, Erol
Space missions expose spacecraft electronics to complex space environments, including charged particle fluxes, solar wind plasma, and high-energy radiation, which can induce surface charging, electrostatic discharges (ESD), and single-event upsets (SEUs) in power conversion systems. Traditional mitigation strategies, such as radiation-hardened components and shielding, offer partial protection but incur significant mass and efficiency penalties and do not address transient plasma-induced disturbances. This study presents a physics-informed, plasma-resilient design methodology for DC–DC converters in deep-space applications. A comprehensive space-environment simulation framework is developed to model heliocentric plasma density, solar wind velocity, proton energy spectra, and surface charging, incorporating both low- and high-frequency fluctuations. Building on this, a radiation-aware, adaptive DC–DC converter topology is proposed, coupled with a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) architecture and disturbance observer, enabling real-time mitigation of plasma-induced voltage fluctuations, SEU step events, and input ripple. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach maintains the output voltage close to the nominal value under the considered space-environment disturbances. The adaptive controller reduces the RMS voltage error from approximately 10.3–12.6 V in the uncontrolled system to approximately 1.86–1.91 V across the investigated operating scenarios while significantly suppressing transient deviations caused by plasma fluctuations and SEU events. Frequency-domain analysis confirms effective attenuation of low-frequency plasma-induced transients, while Lyapunov-based stability proofs ensure guaranteed closed-loop robustness. The integrated methodology enables reliable, efficient, and adaptive energy management for long-duration space missions, highlighting the importance of environment-aware hardware-control co-design for future deep-space spacecraft.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Diode-based programmable network array (DiProNA) for high-impact reconfigurable instrumentation
Can, Erol
The increasing complexity and integration density of modern mixed-signal and high-frequency systems demand reconfigurable, precise, and fault-tolerant signal-routing architectures. Conventional switching matrices based on multiplexers or crossbar networks suffer from crosstalk, leakage, limited scalability, and weak fault tolerance, making them unsuitable for emerging precision analog platforms. Addressing these limitations, this work introduces the Diode-Based Programmable Network Array (DiProNA), a novel hybrid switching architecture that differs fundamentally from existing structures by combining MOSFET-based programmability with unidirectional diode-assisted conduction paths to achieve intrinsic fault isolation, current sharing, and enhanced thermal robustness. A comprehensive analytical model—developed using Thevenin equivalents, nodal analysis, and explicit inclusion of diode and MOSFET parasitics—is presented and validated through extensive circuit-level simulations. Clear modeling assumptions (such as quasi-static device behavior and linearized small-signal parasitics) are stated to ensure transparency and reproducibility. Quantitative comparisons with traditional multiplexer and crossbar matrices demonstrate that DiProNA achieves higher voltage accuracy, lower effective resistance, and significantly reduced short-circuit current. Series ballast resistors effectively constrain fault currents and mitigate thermal stress, enabling reliable operation under open-circuit, short-circuit, and partial-failure scenarios. Multi-source configurations further enhance efficiency and distribute power-thermal load, while dynamic evaluations confirm microsecond-level response times with minimal overshoot, supporting high-speed instrumentation front-ends. Collectively, the results position DiProNA as a scalable, efficient, and fault-tolerant routing solution suitable for adaptive data converters, SoC subsystems, wireless front-ends, and biomedical instrumentation. This work establishes DiProNA as a robust and versatile platform advancing next-generation programmable mixed-signal systems.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Learning-Augmented IDA–PBC for Underactuated Mechanical Systems with Unmeasured Actuator Dynamics and Unmatched Disturbances
Can, Erol
Abstract: Underactuated mechanical systems (UMSs) present significant challenges in control design due to limited actuation, nonlinear coupling, and susceptibility to unmatched and time-varying disturbances. Traditional passivity-based methods often assume full state availability and matched disturbances, limiting their applicability in uncertain, sensor-constrained environments. This study proposes a learning-augmented interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (iIDA–PBC) framework that enhances robustness and adaptability for UMSs. The approach integrates real-time disturbance estimation using Gaussian Math. Comput. Appl. (GPR) and Math. Comput. Appl. (LSTM) networks, alongside nonlinear observer designs for reconstructing unmeasured actuator states. The overall control architecture preserves the port-Hamiltonian structure while enabling adaptive compensation for unknown external perturbations. Theoretical analysis ensures Math. Comput. Appl. (ISS) under bounded estimation errors. Simulation results on a benchmark underactuated system demonstrate improved disturbance rejection, tracking accuracy, and robustness compared to conventional adaptive and passivity-based controllers. The proposed method is suitable for complex, partially observable systems such as aerial vehicles, autonomous robots, and marine platforms.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Fully Insulated Dual Output DC-DC Converter Battery Charging System with Single Dynamo Input at the Electric Vehicle
Can, Erol; Kürşat Demirci, Oğuz
Battery charging and regulation for the electrical system of electric cars or fuel cars are of great importance for the efficient operation and comfort of the vehicles. In this study, a DC-DC boost converter system that can charge two batteries isolated from each other with the same dynamo for a car is presented. With this system, it is possible to charge two different batteries at their nominal voltages at the same time by increasing the voltage of the system at the low voltage inputs that will occur. First, the circuit model and mathematical expansions that give the operating logic of the circuit are given. Then, the designed circuit model is operated between the modulation indexes of 0.2-0.5 and two different batteries are fed at their nominal voltages in isolation from each other. After the simulation studies, the current and voltage values of the circuit elements and the charging parameters of the battery are measured and the system application is carried out. According to the obtained results, although the charging circuit receives low voltage from the alternator, the two batteries can be charged to the requested level with the proposed system.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Machine Learning-Aided Synthetic Air Data System for Commercial Aircraft
Kilic, Ugur; Cam, Omer; Can, Erol
Air data inertial reference system (ADIRS) parameters are very important for the safe flight of an aircraft. The ADIRS consists of air data inertial reference units (ADIRUs) and the air data reference (ADR) part of the ADIRU, which provides the air data [altitude (ALT), angle of attack (AOA), airspeed, and temperature information] examined in this study. ADR is essential to continuously ensure accurate and precise information to the flight management guidance computers (FMGCs), electronic flight instruments system (EFIS), and other systems on the aircraft for reliable and safe flight operation. This study estimated the ADR parameters (altitude, angle of attack, airspeed, and temperature) to obtain a synthetic air data system for data continuity in the event of any sensor failure on the aircraft using correlated data. According to correlation analysis, the angle of attack, computed airspeed (CAS), and static air temperature (SAT) data have the highest correlation with the stabilizer position (STAB), whereas the altitude data have the highest correlation with the low-pressure engine spool rotational speed (N1). The AOA, CAS, SAT, and ALT parameters were estimated by decision tree, support vector machine, and Gaussian process regression models using real flight data collected from a local airline. The Gaussian process regression model was better at generalizing the data set for data estimation than were the other machine learning methods used in this study. MATLAB version R2023a software was used in all operations.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024PID Control of Hybrid DC-DC Converter System in Complex Load with Double Reference Time
Can, Erol; Gülnahar, Murat
DC-DC converters are circuits that are widely used in energy distribution systems, in industry and technology applications, as well as in household appliances such as computers and televisions, and in uninterruptible power supplies used to feed all these systems. For the design and optimization of DC-DC converter circuits, it is important to create and analyze mathematical models according to the load it is connected to. Simple load structures and circuit structures have been examined and control units have been designed in studies carried out to date. In this study, while the DC-DC converter with a more complex load structure is discussed, mathematical analysis and PID control of DC-DC converters with Buck-Boost feature are performed with the same modulation index in different time periods. In the results obtained, it is shown how to create the mathematical models of a system that provides DC-DC energy conversion with a complex load structure and how to formulate the PID control in a system with this complex load structure.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024A new high-frequency multilevel inverter effecting cables weight and energy efficiency of aircraft
Can, Erol; Kilic, Ugur
Purpose: Static inverters are very important for the emergency energy distribution system of aircraft and similar machines. At the same time, the electrical energy produced at high frequency for electrical devices is used to reduce the weight of the cables in the aircraft and spacecraft because of the skin effect. In the high-frequency system, a thinner cable cross-section is used, and a great weight reduction occurs in the aircraft. So, fuel economy, less and late wear of the materials (landing gear, etc.) can be obtained with decreasing weight. This paper aims to present the development of a functional multilevel inverter (FMLI) with fractional sinus pulse width modulation (FSPWM) and a reduced number of switches to provide high-frequency and quality electrical energy conversion. Design/methodology/approach: After the production of FSPWM for FMLI with a reduced component, which, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is presented for the first time in this study, is explained step by step, and eight operating states are given according to different FSPWMs operating the circuit. The designed inverter and modulation technique are compared by testing the conventional modular multilevel inverter on different loads. Findings: According to application results, it is seen that there is a 50% reduction in cross-section from 100 Hz to 400 Hz with the skin effect. At 1000 Hz, there is a 90% cross-section reduction. The decrease can be in cable weights that may occur in aircraft from 10 kg to 100 kg according to different frequencies. It causes less harmonic distortion than conventional converters. This supports the safer operation of the system. Compared to the traditional system, the proposed system provides more amplitude in converting the source to alternating voltage and increases the efficiency. Practical implications: FSPWM is developed for multilevel inverters with reduced components at the high frequency and cascaded switching studies in the power electronics of aircraft. Social implications: Although the proposed system has less current and power loss as mentioned in the previous sections, it contains fewer power elements than conventional inverters that are equivalent for different hardware levels. This not only reduces the cost of the system but also provides ease of maintenance. To reduce the cable load in aircraft and create more efficient working conditions, 400 Hz alternative voltage is used. The proposed system causes less losses and lower harmonic distortions than traditional systems. This will reduce possible malfunctions and contribute to aircraft reliability for passengers and cargo. As technology develops, it is revealed that the proposed inverter system will be more efficient than traditional inverters when devices operating at frequencies higher than 400 Hz are used. With the proposed inverter, safer operation will be ensured, while there will be less energy loss, less fuel consumption and less carbon emissions to the environment. Originality/value: The proposed inverter structure shows that it can provide energy transmission for electrical devices in space and aircraft by using the skin effect. It also contains less power elements than the traditional inverters, which are equivalent for different levels of hardware.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Ac-Dc multi pulse converter for dc power distribution system in aircraft
Can, Erol
The Transformer Rectifier Unit (TRU) in aircraft is DC power supplies. Three-phase AC power supplies are available as long as they work. DC power distribution, on the other hand, provides DC power directly to all DC users, providing input power to the emergency AC distribution system so that the static inverter can generate AC power. To the voltages produced by TRUs to be less oscillating and of higher quality, multi-pulse ones are studied and recommended for aircraft systems. In this study, Zener diode filtered multi-pulse rectifier, which can further reduce the oscillations in the output voltage, is recommended for aircraft. Three-phase half-wave rectifier design and analysis are presented to better demonstrate the effectiveness of Zener diode regulation in multi-pulse TRUs. First, the parts of the power system, which includes the rectifier circuit of a two-engine aircraft and fed by this rectifier, are given. The circuit structure and working order of the rectifier are given with mathematical explanations. In the application phase, low oscillating output voltages and currents are obtained by creating currents and voltages on the load for different Zener voltages. Conventional rectifiers and the proposed rectifier are tested on the same loads, and comparisons are done.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024DC–DC converter with multiple inputs and full isolated multi ports charging battery in photovoltaic energy systems
Can, Erol
The need for functional photovoltaic systems with multiple inputs used in energy storage devices is increasing day by day. In addition to having sufficient performance, these units are a good alternative to integrated converters with their low costs. In terms of these advantages, a multi-port DC–DC converter is recommended for solar energy systems in this study. In this multi-pot system, each port has a specific purpose. Two of them are renewable sources, one is the battery set and the other is the load port. Although this topology is developed for standalone systems, it can be easily adapted to other different applications. The system can provide energy from each input source independently or by combining them, and any renewable source can be charged to extend the life of the battery set, whether discharged or charged. While the system can provide energy in some periods of time without the need for input sources or by combining all elements in the system, a different renewable source can also be used to extend the life of the discharged or charged battery set. A few extra features make the system superior to other existing systems; First of all, the PV source and battery are directed to the same point. Sometimes, only the solar cell charges the battery, providing safe grounding for both, and secondly, the output is isolated from other connection points. These advantages are given by comparing them with existing systems. The advantage that is different from other topologies is that the proposed method can continue battery charging in 3 ways with the switches reserved for PVs. The first is discontinuous mode, the second is semi-continuous mode and the third is continuous mode. This mode of operation is preferred according to the amount of energy received from the sun. In this way, it offers a functional charging capability. After the proposed system design and numerical studies, it is also applied experimentally.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Proje2023İnsansız Hava Araçları İçin Algılayıcı Arızası Tespiti, Sistemin Yeniden Yapılandırılması Ve İzlenmesi
Kilic, Ugur; Can, Erol
İnsansız hava araçları günümüzde fotoğraflama, kişisel, ticari, tarımsal, arama kurtarma, gözetleme, askeri ve diğer birçok alanda çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Ancak sistem yedeği, arıza tespiti ve ataletsel bilgilerin ekranda gösterimi ve yer istasyonu gibi diğer uçuş sistemlerindeki gelişmiş özellikler, çoğu insansız hava aracında bulunmamaktadır. Bazı insansız hava araçlarına bu özelliklerin çok küçük bir kısmı gömülü halde gelmektedir. Ancak detaylı kontrol ve takip uygulaması için gömülü gelen bu özellikler yeterli olmamaktadır. Bundan dolayı bu projede insansız hava araçlarından özellikle döner kanatlar için bir uçuş izleme sistemi tasarlanması ile bu araçların herhangi bir algılayıcı arızasından dolayı düşmesinin önüne geçilmiş olacaktır ve bu sayede daha doğru bir kontrol sağlanırken, özellikle hava aracı üzerindeki pahalı kamera ve çekim sistemleri gibi faydalı yükler korunacaktır. Proje dahilinde alınan hava aracı belirli uçuş durumlarında uçurularak uçuş verileri toplanmıştır. Ardından her bir algılayıcıyı (cayro, ivme ve GPS) etkileyen veriler formülasyon ve korelasyon analizi ile bulunmuştur. Elde edilen verilere göre her bir algılayıcı için Matlab yazılımında Yapay Sinir Ağları modeli oluşturulmuştur ve verilerin bir kısmı ile model eğitilirken, verilerin geri kalan kısımları ile test işlemleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Korelasyonlu veriler makine öğrenmesi yönteminin girişini oluştururken incelenen algılayıcı değeri tahmin edilen sistem çıkışını oluşturmuştur. Algılayıcı arızaları için analitik hesaplar yapılarak bulunan alternatif veri sisteminin devreye alınması ile çözüme gidilmiştir. Hava aracının daha doğru ve güvenli bir biçimde kontrol edilebilmesinin yanı sıra arıza durumları, hava aracının hareketleri ve ilgili tüm parametreler LabVIEW yazılımında tasarlanan yer istasyonu yazılımıyla ekrandan anlık olarak takip edilmiştir.
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