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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026Elemental, fatty acid, volatile and amino acid profiles coupled with antidiabetic, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of selected edible insects from Uganda
Aydin, Bilge; Aydoğan, Zeynep; Çağlar Yildirim, Özge; Yuca, Hafize; Arslan, Mehmet Enes; Atila, Alptuğ; Göger, Gamze; Demirci, Betül; Waiswa, Denis; Taşer, Ahmet
Edible insects are traditionally consumed in Uganda and are increasingly recognized as nutritionally valuable and environmentally sustainable food resources. In this study, the nutritional composition, chemical profiles, biological activities, and safety of three commonly consumed edible insects—Ruspolia differens (green and brown morphs) and Macrotermes nigeriensis—were comprehensively evaluated. Extraction yields differed markedly among species, with R. differens morphs showing substantially higher methanolic yields (46.74–48.93%) than M. nigeriensis (22.57%). Fatty acid analysis revealed oleic acid as the predominant component (42.2–44.1%), followed by palmitic and linoleic acids, indicating a lipid profile rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Volatile profiling demonstrated species-specific aroma signatures, with M. nigeriensis characterized by acetic acid and pyrazines, while R. differens morphs exhibited high levels of isovaleric acid and diverse aromatic compounds. Amino acid analysis showed that methanolic extracts generally contained higher concentrations and broader profiles than aqueous extracts, with taurine, glutamic acid, alanine, and ethanolamine as the dominant components. Elemental analysis by ICP–MS indicated appreciable levels of essential minerals (K, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Se), while potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were detected at low and variable concentrations depending on species and morph. In enzyme inhibition assays, R. differens methanolic extracts exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibition (up to 88.16%), comparable to acarbose, whereas α-amylase and cholinesterase inhibition remained limited. Antioxidant activity was moderate, with M. nigeriensis aqueous extract showing the highest DPPH• and ABTS•⁺ scavenging capacities among samples. Antimicrobial activity was generally weak to moderate, with methanolic extracts showing greater efficacy, particularly against Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessments using human dermal fibroblasts and lymphocytes revealed no significant adverse effects at the tested concentrations, with cell viability remaining above 80% and chromosomal aberration indices comparable to negative controls. Overall, the results demonstrate that Ugandan edible insects possess favorable nutritional profiles, selective bioactivities, and an acceptable preliminary safety profile, supporting their potential as alternative food resources. However, controlled rearing, standardized processing, and further studies on bioavailability and long-term consumption are warranted.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2026Small bodies, big potential: Comprehensive nutritional and bioactivity evaluation of five edible insects from Indonesia
Yuca, Hafize; Aydoğan, Zeynep; Yıldırım, Özge Çağlar; Aydın, Bilge; Arslan, Mehmet Enes; Atila, Alptuğ; Göger, Gamze; Demirci, Betül; Mohammadi, Najeebullah; Prastiwi, Artina
Edible insects are increasingly valued as sustainable functional food sources due to their rich nutritional content, including proteins, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This study investigated five insect species/forms traditionally consumed in Indonesia—Phyllophaga helleri (Puthul), Valanga nigricornis (Belalang kayu), Gryllus bimaculatus (Jangkrik), and both the adult (Ulat jati) and cocoon (Entung jati) forms of Hyblaea puera. Methanol and aqueous extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were assessed alongside volatile, amino acid, and elemental profiles using GC-MS, LC-MS, and ICP-MS. Volatile analyses revealed limonene (53.9–72.2%) as the dominant aroma compound in Entung jati, Ulat jati, Belalang kayu, and Puthul. Fatty acid profiles were rich in oleic acid (40.8–71.3%), especially in Entung jati and Ulat jati. Alanine and tyrosine were the most abundant amino acids, reaching up to 1945.36 and 4744.03 nmol/mL, respectively. Essential elements (K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se) were abundant, while toxic elements (As, Cd, Hg, Pb) were below international safety limits. Entung jati methanol extract showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (85.09%), exceeding acarbose (77.61%). Jangkrik exhibited the highest α-amylase inhibition (29.45%), and Ulat jati aqueous extract had the strongest antioxidant activity. Some methanol extracts also showed moderate antimicrobial effects (MIC = 625–1250 μg/mL). P. helleri extract showed cytotoxicity at high doses, but genotoxicity was not observed. These findings support the nutritional and therapeutic potential of Indonesian edible insects.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Chemical composition and molecular docking analysis of essential oils from the endemic Sideritis argyrea P.H.Davis in Türkiye
Beyza Özer, Elif; Güneş, Ferhat; Yuca, Hafize; Çeçen, Ömer; Aydın, Bilge; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül
This study presents the phytochemical and biological evaluation of the essential oil from Sideritis argyrea P.H.Davis, an endemic species from Türkiye. The oil, obtained by hydrodistillation of flowering aerial parts, had a yield of 0.02% (w/v) and was analyzed by GC–MS and GC–FID. Twenty-nine volatile constituents were identified, mainly comprising monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with β-pinene (21.7%) and α-pinene (12.1%) as the predominant compounds. In vitro assays revealed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition (14.32%) and weak α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, indicating limited anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities. Antioxidant assays (DPPH•, ABTS•+) showed low radical scavenging capacity, consistent with the oil’s low phenolic content. Molecular docking and ADME analyses suggested that cubebol, 9-geranyl-p-cymene, and τ-muurolol exhibited the most favorable enzyme interactions and pharmacokinetic properties among the identified compounds. Although the observed bioactivities were modest, these findings provide valuable preliminary data on the chemical profile and biological properties of S. argyrea essential oil.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025FRUITFUL REMEDIES: ANALYZING THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS IN ESSENTIAL AND FATTY OILS, AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS FROM PRUNUS CERASIFERA, MALUS SYLVESTRIS, AND CORNUS MAS USING LC-MS AND GC-MS; [MEYVELERDEN ŞİFAYA: PRUNUS CERASIFERA, MALUS SYLVESTRIS VE CORNUS MAS TÜRLERİNDEN ELDE EDİLEN UÇUCU YAĞLAR, YAĞ ASİTLERİ VE SU EKSTRELERİNİN LC-MS VE GC-MS YÖNTEMLERİYLE TERAPÖTİK POTANSİYELLERİNİN ANALİZİ]
Aydin, Bilge; Yuca, Hafize; Öztürk, Gözde; Tekman, Enes; Karakaya, Songül; Göger, Gamze; Önal, Mehmet; Demirci, Betül; Güvenalp, Zühal; Syta, Oksana
Objective: The chemical composition and bioactive properties of essential oils, fatty oils and aqueous extracts of Prunus cerasifera, Malus sylvestris and Cornus mas were investigated. Material and Method: Antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of P. cerasifera, M. sylvestris and C. mas were reported. The quantitative determination of some secondary metabolites was also analysed by LC-MS/MS. The chemical composition of the essential oils was also investigated by GC-MS. Result and Discussion: Fatty oils’ major compounds were oleic acid (77.1%) in P. cerasifera, palmitic acid (32.5%) in M. sylvestris fruits, and linoleic acid (43.2%) in C. mas seeds. Benzaldehyde (70.1%), nonacosane (30.4%), (E,E)-2,4-Decadienal (43.3%) were found as major compounds of P. cerasifera, M. sylvestris fruits, and C. mas seed essential oils, respectively. Quinic acid was predominant compound in all extracts, ranging from 11262.2996 to 18179.6260 ng/ml. C. mas fatty oil was showed antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis with MIC =625-1250 µg/ml. P. cerasifera, C. mas, and M. sylvestris hold potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors, with varying degrees of potency. IC50 values further underscore effectiveness of aqueous extracts, especially in cases of C. mas and M. sylvestris with <10 and 399 µg/ml.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Phytochemical analysis and biological evaluation of essential oils and extracts from Heracleum pastinacifolium subsp. incanum (Boiss. & A.Huet) P.H.Davis, an endemic plant from Turkey
Yuca, Hafize; Sefalı, Abdurrahman; Aydın, Bilge; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Yazıcı, Ayşenur; Karakaya, Songül; Demirci, Betül; Çoban, Furkan; Özdemir, Erkan
Essential oil content of and phenolic compounds flower-fruit, root, and aerial parts of Heracleum pastinacifolium subsp. incanum were analysed by GC/MS and LC/MS methods, respectively. Antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant activities of flower-fruit, root, aerial parts methanol extracts were evaluated. Apiole (35.0%), myristicine (72.2%), and myristicine (15.1%) were found as major compounds of fruit-flower mixture, root, aerial part essential oils, respectively. Hesperidin was found the highest amount in aerial part and flower-fruit extracts with 8904.2621 ng/mL and 11558.3634 ng/mL values, respectively. Fruit-flower extract showed the highest activity against α-glucosidase (24%). Root extract demonstrating the highest activity (18%) against AChE enzyme. Flowers-fruits mixture methanol extract had a higher % inhibition value on ABTS·+ and DPPH•. Flowers-fruits mixture methanol extract was rich in total phenol, total tannin, and protein content. All the extracts were determined as genetoxically safe according to the results of Ames/Salmonella, Escherichia coli WP2 and Allium cepa assays.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Investigating the phytochemical profile, biological potentials, morphological, and anatomical characteristics of Cyclotrichium origanifolium (Labill.) Manden. & Scheng. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey
Aydın, Bilge; Alkuyruk, Satuk Buğra; Tekman, Enes; Yuca, Hafize; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Çeçen, Ömer; Bona, Gülnur Ekşi; Demirci, Betül; Bona, Mehmet
Cyclotrichium origanifolium, a plant widely used in Eastern and Southern Anatolia for culinary purposes, was subject of this study, which aimed to comprehensively evaluate its potential therapeutic applications. This research stands out due to its holistic approach, combining morpho-anatomical studies, chemical, and biological analyses to explore antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, genotoxic, and anti-genotoxic effects of methanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as flowering aerial part essential oil. It is a perennial plant, typically ranging from 10 to 40 cm in height, with a suffrutescent and highly branched growth habit. Essential oils are produced within glandular trichomes. Oil, analyzed via GC–MS/MS, revealed 24 compounds accounting for 96.4% of oil, with isomenthone (52.4%), pulegone (23.4%), and β-pinene (9.5%) as predominant components. These findings are significant as they provide new insights into chemical composition of oils, particularly highlighting pharmacologically active compounds. Methanol extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity, correlated with high phenol and tannin content. Essential oil showed moderate inhibition of α-amylase (49.54%) and mild inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (11.84%) and butyrylcholinesterase (16.93%), suggesting potential in managing oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Study also conducted biosafety evaluations using Ames/Salmonella and Allium tests, essential for assessing genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of natural products. Notably, significant antimicrobial effects were identified, particularly against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. Comprehensive analysis and discovery of significant bioactivities position this research as a valuable contribution to field, distinguishing it from previous studies on similar species. This study provides a foundational understanding of morpho-anatomical, pharmacological, biological properties of plant, opening avenues for future research.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Anatomical and Morphological Characteristics of Salvia pachystachya Trautv. (Lamiaceae) and Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactivities of Its Essential Oils and Extracts
Asgarlı, Tugay; Yuca, Hafize; Tekman, Enes; Aydın, Bilge; Göger, Gamze; Demirci, Betül; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Alkuyruk, Satuk Buğra; Ekşi Bona, Gülnur; Bona, Mehmet
Salvia pachystachya is a medicinally promising plant species, yet its pharmacological properties remain underexplored. This study aimed to investigate its anatomical, phytochemical and bioactive characteristics to assess its therapeutic potential comprehensively. Microscopic analysis revealed distinctive anatomical features, including quadrangular stems and glandular trichomes on leaves, providing valuable insights into the plant's structural properties. Phytochemical profiling of methanol and aqueous extracts identified chlorogenic acid as the major component (11,052.88–25,718.77 ng/mL), while essential oils were predominantly composed of phytol (48.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (26.2%). The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity analyses showed that the methanol extract exhibited significant ABTS•+ scavenging activity (90.06%). Bioactivity assays demonstrated the plant's antidiabetic, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial properties. The LC–MS/MS analysis of extracts revealed that chlorogenic acid was the most abundant secondary metabolite among the analysed compounds, with significant variations across different plant parts and extraction solvents. The highest concentration was detected in the aerial part methanol extract (34,885.06 ng/mL), followed by the flower methanol extract (25,718.77 ng/mL). Genotoxicity assessments, including Ames, Escherichia coli WP2, and Allium cepa tests, confirmed the nongenotoxic nature of the extracts. Furthermore, molecular docking indicated strong binding affinities of chlorogenic and quinic acids to target enzymes, supporting their therapeutic relevance. These findings highlighted S. pachystachya as a promising candidate for further pharmacological research, particularly for its potential in combating oxidative stress-related conditions such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Phytochemical Traits and Biological Activity of Satureja hortensis and Satureja macrantha as Culinary Spices Using GC–MS/MS and LC–MS/MS Techniques
Elmdoustazar, Pardis; Aydın, Bilge; Önal, Mehmet; Yuca, Hafize; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül; Güvenalp, Zühal
This study evaluates the antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of water and methanol extracts, as well as essential oils, from Satureja macrantha and Satureja hortensis. Chemical characterization was conducted using LC–MS/MS for phenolic profiles and GC–MS for essential oil composition. Biological activities were assessed via DPPH˙ and ABTS˙+ assays for antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition for antidiabetic potential, cholinesterase inhibition for anti-Alzheimer activity, and the microdilution method for antimicrobial effects. Genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity were evaluated using Ames and Allium cepa assays. Rosmarinic acid was most abundant in S. macrantha water extract (50.687.02 ng/mL), while thymol (45.1%) and p-cymene (45.8%) were identified as major oil components. S. hortensis essential oil showed the strongest α-glucosidase (41.33%) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (35.68%), whereas S. macrantha oil exhibited higher acetylcholinesterase inhibition (16.05%). Antioxidant activity was most pronounced in S. macrantha water extract (ABTS˙+: 52.11%, DPPH˙: 28.76%). S. hortensis essential oil demonstrated the most effective antimicrobial properties. These findings suggest that both S. macrantha and S. hortensis could be recommended as safe and effective candidates for use in the development of natural therapeutic agents.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Bioactive Properties and Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils From Three Nepeta L. Species, Two Endemic, Grown in Türkiye
Aydin, Bilge; Kararenk, Ayşe Cemre; Yuca, Hafize; Çeçen, Ömer; Bona, Gülnur Ekşi; Demirci, Betül; Bona, Mehmet; Karakaya, Songul
Nepeta is one of the largest genera in the Lamiaceae family. The aim of this study is to evaluate (DPPH• and ABTS+ scavenging tests), antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes inhibition), and anticholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes inhibition) activities of methanolic, aqueous extracts and essential oils obtained from flowering aerial parts of N. cilicia Boiss. ex Benth., N. isaurica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth., and N. sulfuriflora P.H.Davis. Furthermore, essential oils extracted from these plants were analysed for their chemical composition by GC–MS/MS. Also, anatomy and morphology of these plants were evaluated. Total phenolic and tannin contents were analysed. The major compounds identified in the essential oils of Nepeta species were as follows: caryophyllene oxide (24.8%) and phytol (17.7%) in N. cilicia, α-cadinol (13.6%) and ledol (8.0%) in N. isaurica, and 1,8-cineole (70.4%) in N. sulfuriflora. The plants are perennial, and they have unicellular to multicellular non-glandular and multicellular glandular trichomes. In antidiabetic assays, N. cilicia methanolic extract showed the highest α-amylase inhibition (31.66%), while N. isaurica essential oil had the strongest α-glucosidase inhibition (14.25%). For anticholinesterase activity, N. sulfuriflora essential oil was most effective against acetylcholinesterase (8.63%), and N. isaurica MeOH extract had the highest butyrylcholinesterase inhibition (13.24%). It was determined that especially methanolic extracts had higher % inhibition value on ·+ABTS and DPPH•. When a comparison was made in terms of total phenol and total tannin content, it was observed that N. sulfuriflora species was one step ahead. In conclusion, the study revealed that the three Nepeta species—N. cilicia, N. isaurica, and N. sulfuriflora—possess significant bioactive properties, particularly in their antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase activities.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Phytochemical composition and bioactivities of Satureja montana L. and Satureja hortensis L.: Culinary herbs with antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant potential
Coban, Furkan; Lan, Yuzhou; Yetisgin, Gül; Yuca, Hafize; Aydın, Bilge; Angın, Hilal; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül
The increasing global burden of oxidative stress-related conditions, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders underscores the urgent need for multi-targeted, plant-based therapeutic agents. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of various Satureja hortensis and Satureja montana extracts and essential oils. In vitro biological activities were assessed through α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assays, along with DPPH• and ABTS• + radical scavenging assays. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, S. hortensis root methanol extract (ShRME) and herb water extract (ShHWE) exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (69.88% and 71.23%, respectively). Conversely, S. montana herb water extract (SmHWE) and methanol extract (SmHME) showed the highest DPPH• radical scavenging activity (36.28% and 24.37%, respectively). S. montana essential oil (SmEO) demonstrated notable inhibition of AChE (32.58%) and BChE (41.62%) at 1000 µg/mL, while S. hortensis essential oil (ShEO) inhibited BChE by 44.39%. GC-MS analysis revealed that SmEO primarily contained carvacrol (43.72%), γ-terpinene (17.24%), and p-cymene (14.56%), while ShEO was rich in thymol (39.84%), γ-terpinene (20.16%), and p-cymene (13.72%). These phenolic monoterpenes are likely contributors to the observed antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities. Principal component analysis explained 74.8% of the total variance and clearly separated the samples based on their activity profiles. Extracts were closely associated with glucose-regulating effects, while essential oils clustered with enzyme-inhibiting neuroprotective activities. These findings highlight the multifunctional therapeutic potential of Satureja species and support their further investigation as candidates for the development of plant-derived agents against oxidative stress, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025From Herbal Tea to Science: Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. chia (Lamiaceae) With Molecular Docking Analysis
Aydın, Bilge; Aydın, Amine Sena; Çeçen, Ömer; Yuca, Hafize; Bona, Gülnur Ekşi; Demirci, Betül; Bona, Mehmet; Karakaya, Songul
The hypothesis that insulin resistance and impaired insulin-like growth factor signaling contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to the designation of AD as “type 3 diabetes.” Ajuga chamaepitys subsp. chia is traditionally used in Türkiye as an analgesic, tonic, and for the external treatment of hemorrhoids and wound healing. This study evaluates antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase activities of methanolic, aqueous extracts, and essential oils from the flowering aerial parts of A. chamaepitys subsp. chia, along with their phytochemical profiles (GC–MS/MS), morphological-anatomical characteristics, and molecular docking analysis. The essential oil yield was 0.002%, comprising 45 compounds (92.5%), with β-pinene (19.8%), α-pinene (12.8%), and germacrene D (10.0%) as major constituents, dominated by monoterpene (39.8%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (23.5%). The methanolic extract exhibited moderate bioactivity, achieving 28.36% α-amylase inhibition at 5000 μg/mL and 21.85% acetylcholinesterase inhibition at 100 μg/mL, while also demonstrating notable antioxidant activity with 23.013% ABTS•+ and 8.114% DPPH• scavenging. It showed the highest total phenolic (14.261 μg GAE/mg) and tannin content (34.444 μg TAE/mg) among the tested extracts. Morphologically, the plant features hairy stems and tripartite leaves with a cuticle, trichomes, and diacytic stomata, while anatomically, it presents collenchyma, starch-filled parenchyma, and a distinct cambium in the stem. Molecular docking studies revealed that germacrene D exhibited strong binding affinities to acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, suggesting multitarget inhibition potential. These findings support the traditional use of A. chamaepitys subsp. chia and highlight its promise as a natural source for therapeutic agents targeting oxidative stress, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Exploring Astrodaucus orientalis (L.) Drude: Phytochemical Analysis and its Biological Potential Against Alzheimer's and Diabetes
Yuca, Hafize; Aydin, Bilge; Karakaya, Songul; Goger, Gamze; Bingöl, Zeynebe; Civas, Ayşe; Koca, Mehmet; Demirci, Betül; Sytar, Oksana; Gulcin, Ilhami
In current study antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, and human carbonic anhydrase I, and II (hCA I and II) isoenzymes inhibition activities of Astrodaucus orientalis different parts were investigated. Achetylcholinesterse (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterse (BChE) inhibitory activities of octyl acetate were determined via molecular docking. Quantitative assessment of specific secondary metabolites was conducted using LC-MS/MS. An examination of chemical composition of essential oils was carried out by GC-MS/MS. A thorough exploration of plant‘s anatomical characteristics was undertaken. The highest phenolics level and DPPH antioxidant capacity were seen in root and fruit. Fruit essential oil demonstrated the highest AChE inhibition (44.13±3.61 %), while root dichloromethane sub-extract had the best inhibition towards BChE (86.13±2.58 %). Cytosolic hCA I, and II isoenzymes were influentially inhibited by root oil with 1.974 and 2.207 μM IC50 values, respectively. The most effective extracts were found to be root all extract/sub-extracts (except water) against C. tropicalis and C. krusei strains with MIC value 160>μg/mL. Sabinene (29.4 %), α-pinene (20.2 %); octyl acetate (54.3 %); myrcene (28.0 %); octyl octanoate (71.3 %) were found principal components of aerial parts, roots, flowers, and fruits, respectively. Flower essential oil, fruit dicloromethane and ethyl acetate exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with 900, 40, and 937 μg/mL IC50 values, respectively.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Comparative content analysis and biological activity studies of fatty and essential oils from some garlic products sold in Turkish community pharmacies, natural, and fermented garlic
Deniz, Elif Ulutaş; Yuca, Hafize; Aydın, Bilge; Öztürk, Gözde; Çoban, Furkan; Göger, Gamze; Demirci, Betül; Karakaya, Songül
Garlic (Alliaceae), an annual herb, is renowned not only for its distinctive flavor but also for its extensive therapeutic applications in managing various ailments and health conditions. In this study, garlic products identified as the best-selling items in Turkish pharmacies for various purposes were compared with garlic grown under standard conditions in terms of chemical composition and antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Three of garlic samples were prepared by researchers. According to survey results, the most commonly sold garlic-related products in pharmacies are black garlic extract tablets (4), capsules (5), garlic oil (6), garlic oil pearls (7), and fermented garlic (8). Diallyl disulfide (DADS) was identified as a predominant compound in sampled oils, ranging from 4.9% to 48.6%. Another noteworthy finding is the identification of allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide as major components in sampled oils, with concentrations spanning from 2.9% to 9.8% and 0.4% to 17.5%, respectively. In both 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS·+) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) tests, Sample 1 (fermented) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Sample 3 (cultivated) was richer in total phenol–total tannin content. Sample 6 exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibition among antidiabetic activities, reaching 28.93%. Sample 5 capsules demonstrated the highest α-amylase inhibition at 51.50%. Sample 7 exhibited the most notable inhibition against both acetylcholinesterase (22.92%) and butyrylcholinesterase (13.37%). Samples 3, 6, and 8 were found to be more effective against Candida tropicalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 625 μg/mL. A comprehensive study on garlic products, including popular items from Turkish pharmacies and those grown under standard conditions, revealed diverse chemical compositions and multifaceted health properties.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023Chemical composition, nutritional values, elemental analysis and biological properties of Prunus mahaleb L.: From waste to new potential sources for food, cosmetic and drug industry
Bayrakçeken Güven, Zühal; Alshehri, Osama; Yüce, Neslihan; Bakan, Ebubekir; Demirci, Betül; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ertas, Abdulselam; Basaran, A.Ahmet
Prunus mahaleb L. seeds are widely used in the baking industry as spice for flavouring. While achieving the mahaleb powder for commercial use in local companies, the seeds are sometimes mixed unintentionally with their kernels (stony shell) during sieving procedure. As the chemical and biological properties of the kernel of seeds are not well known, the kernel, seeds and the market sample obtained from a local supplier are decided to investigate individually. The antioxidant capacity and the trace element analyses of the seeds and kernels were performed by TEAC and CUPRAC assays and ICP-MS. The market sample was analysed for nutrient and oil composition. Fatty acid composition of the oil was determined with GC-FID and GC-MS methods. The chemical composition of the methanol extract of the seeds and kernels was studied by LC-MS/MS. Trace elements Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Se were determined in the methanol extracts, ethyl acetate and water fractions. Mushroom tyrosinase enzyme inhibitions of 33 different extracts and fractions of various waste parts of the plant (kernel, fruit, twigs, flos, leaves) were investigated. The nutritional values showed that the market sample had high nutritious properties. The fatty acid content of the oil was found to be valuable in remedying dysfunctions of the body. Kernel ethylacetate fraction showed the highest tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. The role of copper element on enzyme activity was determined. The kernels are accepted as a waste material may also be evaluated as a good promising choice for food, cosmetic and drug industry.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals of essential oils and extracts of Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata L. as a spice for diabetes mellitus
Yuca, Hafize; Civaş, Ayşe; Tekman, Enes; Nadiroğlu, Rozerin; Karakaş, Şeydanur; Dürüster, Şeyma; Keçeci, Emire Bengisu; Bona, Mehmet; Nobarirezaeyeh, Mohaddeseh; Aydin, Bilge
The aim of this paper was to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, aqueous subextracts and essential oils of flowers, roots, leaves and aerial parts of Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata, which has been utilized in the public medicine systems of Turkey, Greece, Egypt and Rome for the treatment of asthma and bronchitis, as well as for flavour and aroma in the food industry and protection. Quantitative determination of secondary metabolites in the most effective samples of the plant was also analysed by LC–MS/MS. Moreover, the chemical composition of essential oils of different parts of the plant was analysed via GC-FID and GC/MS. The main constituents in the flower, leaf and aerial part were found to be carvacrol (75.6%), γ-terpinene (10.5%), carvacrol (73.3%), γ-terpinene (9.5%), p-cymene (8.6%), carvacrol (76.1.8%) and p-cymene (7.3%), respectively. Quinic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, naringin, hesperidin and rosmarinic acid were measured in four ethyl acetate subextracts, and rosmarinic acid was found to have the highest amount in the flower subextract with a value of 48095.1083 ng/mL. The ethyl acetate extract of flowers showed the best activity with a 326 ± 12 μg/mL IC50 value, while the standard acarbose IC50 value was 4143 ± 243 μg/mL. It was determined that the leaf ethyl acetate extract, in particular, had a very high % inhibition value on ABTS·+ (99.137 ± 0.011% inhibition) and DPPH• (41.068 ± 0.031% inhibition). It is thought that the plant, which has been used as a spice in the kitchen for centuries by the public, can be safely used due to its high antidiabetic and antioxidant effects.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023Phytochemical screening, biological evaluation, anatomical, and morphological investigation of Ferula tingitana L. (Apiaceae)
Karakaya, Songül; Yuca, Hafize; Yılmaz, Gülderen; Aydın, Bilge; Tekman, Enes; Ekşi, Gülnur; Bona, Mehmet; Göger, Gamze; Karadayı, Mehmet; Gülşahin, Yusuf
Ferula tingitana L. is a high perennial plant and its leaf is an alternate arrangement and yellow, and its flowers are unisexual like other Apiaceae. It has been used as a spice and for various medicinal purposes in the Mediterranean region. The paper reports antidiabetic, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, and genotoxic activities of leaves, flowers, stems, and fruits methanol extracts of F. tingitana. Also, quantitative determination of some secondary metabolites was also analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Moreover, chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed. Consequently, anatomical, and morphological properties of plant were investigated. Germacrene D (23.6%), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (18.4%), and α-pinene (50.0%) were found as the main compounds in flower, leaf, and stem oils, respectively. The cortex in stem, pedicel, and fruit is characterized by angular collenchyma cells and a distinct cambium layer. 6 compounds (quinic acid, fumaric acid, keracyanin chloride, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, hesperidin) were observed in samples. Leaf extract showed anticholinesterase activity. Leaf and flower extracts showed the highest % inhibition value on ABTS·+ and DPPH•. Leaf extract has the strongest antioxidant effect because it is rich in total phenolic contents. All extracts of F. tingitana were found generally effective against C. albicans. Stem extract was found effective against E. coli and flower extract was found more effective against S. enterica and C. albicans. Bacterial genotoxicity results showed that extracts did not have genotoxic activity on tester strains S. typhimurium and E. coli WP2uvrA. Thus, it revealed that extracts were genotoxic-ally safe at applied concentrations up to 3 mg/plate. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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