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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026Metabolite Profiling of Lavender (Lavandula pedunculata subsp. cariensis) Essential Oil and Investigation of Its Potential Antioxidant and Enzyme-Inhibitory Effects
Karageçili, Hasan; Özden, Eda Mehtap; Mutlu, Muzaffer; Bingöl, Zeynebe; Akıncıoğlu, Hülya; Köksal, Ekrem; Gören, Ahmet Ceyhan; Gülçin, İlhami
Background/Objectives: Lavandula cariensis species is cultivated uncommonly in the western region of Turkey. The colloquial appellations avayianos, karabasi, and myra are used to refer to the L. cariensis plant. The essential oil of L. cariensis was studied for its potential antiglaucoma, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects. Methods: The inhibitory effect of the essential oil of L. cariensis on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and α-amylase enzymes was determined. Therefore, chemical profiles of L. cariensis’ essential oil were identified using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and as Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) analyses. Results: Camphor (39.73%), fenchone (19.49%), exobornyl acetate (6.81%), camphene (5.49%), and eucalyptol (5.49%) were the most abundant compounds in L. cariensis essential oil. Radical scavenging effect of the essential oil of L. cariensis was examined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50: 231.0 ± 0.094 μg/mL) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) (IC50: 7.45 ± 0.013 μg/mL) radicals. Also, the ferric ions (Fe3+), cupric ions (Cu2+), and Fe3+-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) complex reducing capabilities were studied. Additionally, essential oil of L. cariensis indicated a comparable level of inhibition towards hCA II (IC50: 276.42 μg/mL), AChE (IC50: 14.22 μg/mL), and α-amylase (IC50: 475.63 μg/mL) enzymes. Conclusions: The evaluation of the antioxidant capabilities and enzyme inhibition profiling of the essential oil of L. cariensis will be made possible by this comprehensive study, which serves as a springboard for further research. The essential oil of L. cariensis demonstrated enzyme-inhibitory activities against target enzymes associated with Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and glaucoma. Also, this study’s in vitro inhibition suggests promising prospects.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2026Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antiproliferative Activities, and Verbascoside Content of Four Endemic Verbascum Species: V. leiocarpum, V. ozturkii, V. alyssifolium, and V. tuna-ekimii
Şimşek, Samed; Akşit, Hüseyin; Köksal, Ekrem; Altay, Ahmet
This study, for the first time, investigated the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative properties of methanolic extracts from the aerial and root parts of four endemic Verbascum species—Verbascum leiocarpum Murb., Verbascum ozturkii Karavel., Uzunh. & S.Çelik, Verbascum alyssifolium Boiss., and Verbascum tuna-ekimii Karavel., A.Duran & Hamzaoğlu—and quantitatively determined their verbascoside content using HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP assays, and total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also determined. Antidiabetic activity was assessed through α-glucosidase inhibition, and antiproliferative effects were determined in A549, MDA-MB-453, and HT-29 human cancer cell lines. Among the tested samples, the root of V. leiocarpum exhibited the highest TPC (50.89 mg GAE/g extract), FRAP value (124.16 mg TE/g extract), DPPH scavenging ability (IC50: 58.82 μg/mL), and verbascoside content (129.06 mg verbascoside/g extract). This extract also exhibited significant antiproliferative effects against A549 and MDA-MB-453 cells, with inhibition rates of 85% and 69%, respectively. In contrast, both aerial and root extracts of V. tuna-ekimii exhibited low biological activity and a lower concentration of verbascoside. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations between verbascoside content and both antioxidant and antiproliferative parameters. However, no significant correlation was found between verbascoside content and α-glucosidase inhibition, suggesting that other phytochemicals may be responsible for the antidiabetic activity. These findings indicate that V. leiocarpum, especially its root extract, may be considered a valuable source of natural antioxidants and antiproliferative agents. The study highlights the pharmacological potential of endemic Verbascum species that have not been comprehensively investigated phytochemically or pharmacologically and supports their further evaluation in the context of phytopharmaceutical research.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2026Comprehensive Organ-Specific Phenolic Characterization of Endemic Hedysarum candidissimum by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Antioxidant, Enzyme-Inhibitory, and Antiproliferative Activities Supported by Chemometric Analysis
Şimşek, Samed; Varol, Tuğçe; Altın, Sevgi; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Aydın, Ali; Elveren, Müjgan; Alp, Cemalettin; Köksal, Ekrem; Osma, Etem
Hedysarum candidissimum (HC), a species endemic to Türkiye, represents a potential source of bioactive phytochemicals with pharmacological applications. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of the species, integrating organ-specific phytochemical profiling with biological activity evaluations. Methanolic extracts from leaf, stem, and root were analyzed for their phytochemical composition and biological activities. Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry analysis quantified 53 phenolic compounds and revealed organ-dependent differences in metabolite distribution. Quinic acid was the major phenolic acid, with the highest content in the stem (91.81 mg/g extract), while flavonoid glycosides such as isoquercitrin (90.72 mg/g extract) and astragalin (43.61 mg/g extract) were higher in leaves. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, FRAP, TPC, and TFC assays. The leaf extract showed the strongest activity, with the lowest DPPH IC50 (5.43 ± 0.18 µg/mL), highest reducing power (192.47 ± 0.91 mg TE/g extract), and highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (220.84 ± 1.07 mg GAE/g extract and 107.26 ± 0.77 mg QE/g extract). Enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated strong activity against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α-glucosidase (2.44 ± 0.11, 3.35 ± 0.37, and 3.40 ± 0.20 µg/mL). Antiproliferative activity showed moderate growth inhibition in lung (A549, Calu1, H1650) and breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) cancer cell lines (GI50: 2.40–19.15 µg/mL), with higher sensitivity in breast cells. The stem extract exhibited the highest tumor selectivity index (1.83), while LDH assays indicated low toxicity. Multivariate analyses confirmed organ-specific metabolite patterns and relationships between phenolic composition and biological activities. These findings indicate that the species, particularly the leaf extract, represents a source of phenolic metabolites for further phytochemical and biological investigation.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition effects of chia (Salvia hispanica) seed oil: A comprehensive phytochemical screening using LC-HR/MS
Mutlu, Muzaffer; Bingol, Zeynebe; Ozden, Eda Mehtap; Köksal, Ekrem; Erturk, Adem; Goren, Ahmet C.; Alwasel, Saleh; Gulcin, İlhami
Background: In this study, the antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer's disease properties of Chia (Salvia hispanica) seed oil (CSO) were determined for the first time. Three different metal reduction and two different radical scavenging methods were used to determine the antioxidant properties of CSO. It exhibited higher antioxidant activity than vitamins E and C in the CUPRAC method. Results: CSO has shown excellent efficacy in the antioxidant methods used in this study. In the DPPH radical scavenging method, CSO exhibited higher radical scavenging potential than BHT, a standard and synthetic antioxidant. The anti-Alzheimer's disease properties of CSO were determined by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and its IC50 value (17.60 µg/mL) was found to be close to the IC50 value of tacrine (8.82 µg/mL), the standard inhibitor of the enzyme. Inhibition properties of α-glycosidase enzyme and human carbonic anhydrase II isoenzymes were also studied. It was understood that CSO inhibited both enzymes at a lower rate than standard inhibitors. Also, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of CSO were determined as 784.44 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mL oil and quercetin 150.00 µg QE)/mL oil, respectively. In addition, LC-HRMS chromatography application was performed to understand the phenolic content of CSO. It was determined that isosakuranetin (29.07 mg/L oil) was the most abundant polyphenolic compound in CSA. Also, seven polyphenolics of the studied remained below the detectable amount. Conclusions: It was found that CSO had effective antioxidant activity, polyphenolic contents and potent enzyme inhibition properties, associated with some global disease. How to cite: Mutlu M, Bingol Z, Ozden EM, et al. Antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition effects of chia (Salvia hispanica) seed oil: A comprehensive phytochemical screening using LC-HR/MS. Electron J Biotechnol 2025;74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2024.12.002.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Therapeutic potential of Laurus nobilis extract by experimental and computational approaches: phenolic content and bioactivities for antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic properties
Altın, Sevgi; Işık, Mesut; Alp, Cemalettin; Dikici, Emrah; Köksal, Ekrem; Kırboğa, Kevser Kübra; Rudrapal, Mithun; Rakshit, Gourav; Beydemir, Şükrü; Khan, Johra
Introduction: Laurus nobilis (LN), has traditional medicinal uses, and this study investigates its therapeutic potential by focusing on its phenolic content and bioactivities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic properties. Phenolic compounds play key roles in reducing oxidative stress and modulating enzymatic activities, relevant to metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: LN leaf extracts were prepared via ethanol maceration, followed by filtration and concentration. Phenolic content was analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed through ferric thiocyanate, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Enzyme inhibition assays targeted AChE, BChE, and α-GLY, with IC50 values from dose-response curves. In silico analyses were conducted using molecular docking techniques to predict the binding mechanisms of identified phenolic compounds with the active sites of target enzymes, evaluating binding affinities and interaction profiles. Results: Vanillic acid and catechin hydrate were the most abundant phenolics. LN extract showed strong lipid peroxidation inhibition (50.53%) compared to Trolox (28.33%) and α-tocopherol (37.79%). Moderate radical scavenging and metal reduction potentials were observed. IC50 values were 2.57 µg/L for AChE, 3.78 µg/L for BChE, and 4.65 µg/L for α-GLY, indicating notable bioactivity. In silico studies confirmed strong binding affinities of phenolics to target enzymes. Discussion: LN extracts demonstrated promising antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinergic activities, attributed to high phenolic content. Enzyme inhibition results suggest potential in managing metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. In silico findings support these bioactivities, highlighting LN’s therapeutic potential.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Screening of Chemical Profile by LC–MS/MS and Assessment of Biological Properties of Achillea sintenisii Hub. Mor. From Turkey
Köksal, Ekrem; Altay, Ahmet; Altın, Sevgi; Alp, Cemalettin; Ulutaş, Yakup; Şimşek, Samed; Karakuş, Sinem; Akyüz, Sümeyye; Aygül, İmdat; Akşit, Hüseyin
The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Achillea sintenisii Hub. Mor. and to ascertain their divergent biological properties. LC–MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the bioactive compounds. The anticancer properties of the samples were tested against human breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-453) and colon (HT-29) cancer cell lines by XTT assay. The anti-Alzheimer's studies were performed using Ellman's assay. The antimicrobial studies were carried out by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The antioxidative potential of the samples was evaluated on the basis of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, LC–MS/MS analysis revealed 27 phytochemicals, including high concentrations of quinic acid, gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, luteolin, cynaroside, and caffeic acid. Ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potent cytoxicity against MDA-MB-453 cells, with an IC50 value of 83.05 µg/mL. All extracts showed stronger inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase compared to tacrine. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, approaching the level of vancomycin. Methanol extract possessed the highest DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power. These findings render A, sintenisii a promising source for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Three Endemic Scrophularia Species: S. erzincanica, S. subaequiloba, and S. libanotica var. armena
Ulutaş, Yakup; Köksal, Ekrem; Akşit, Hüseyin; Altay, Ahmet
In this study, methanolic extracts from the aerial parts and roots of three endemic Scrophularia species (Scrophularia erzincanica, Scrophularia subaequiloba, and Scrophularia libanotica var. armena) were evaluated for their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Antioxidant potential was determined through total phenolic and flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging, and FRAP assays. Antiproliferative effects were assessed against A549 (lung) and MDA-MB-453 (breast) cancer cells using the XTT assay. S. libanotica var. armena had the highest total phenolic content (129.48 mg GAE/g), while S. subaequiloba showed the strongest FRAP activity (200.67 µg TE/g) and DPPH radical scavenging (IC50: 36.83 µg/mL). S. subaequiloba extracts exhibited 83% inhibition against A549 cells and 87% against MDA-MB-453 cells. HPLC–DAD analysis revealed high verbascoside content in S. libanotica var. armena (101.24 mg/g). These findings highlight S. libanotica var. armena as a potent antioxidant source and S. subaequiloba as a promising anticancer agent.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025ISOLATION, ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY, AND MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF AXILLARIN FROM Tanacetum alyssifolium
Şimşek, Samed; Bayar, Yusuf; Karakurt, Tuncay; Akşit, Hüseyin; Köksal, Ekrem
The antifungal activity of axillarin, a polymethoxylated flavone isolated from the methanol extract of Tanacetum alyssifolium, was evaluated in vitro against several plant pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), Alternaria alternata (A.A), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), Phytophthora infestans, and Cylindrocarpon spp. Antifungal efficacy was assessed at concentrations of 200 and 400 µg/mL using the agar Petri dish method. Axillarin inhibited fungal mycelial growth in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest inhibition observed for A. alternata (33.31%), followed by FORL (29.46%), Cylindrocarpon spp. (26.64%), and FON (18.21%). No inhibitory effect was detected against P. infestans. To support the experimental findings, molecular modeling was performed using GaussView 5.0 and GAUSSIAN 09 to determine the optimized 3D conformation of axillarin through potential energy surface (PES) analysis. This optimized structure was then used in molecular docking simulations to explore interactions with fungal protein receptors. The results suggest that axillarin may serve as a natural antifungal agent with potential applications in the development of environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides. This approach supports sustainable plant protection strategies and reduces ecological risks associated with chemical pesticide use.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Profiling of Steam-Distilled Oil of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): Therapeutic Targeting Against Glaucoma, Oxidative Stress, Cholinergic Imbalance, and Diabetes
Gulcin, İlhami; Mutlu, Muzaffer; Bingol, Zeynebe; Ozden, Eda Mehtap; Mirzaee, Ziba; Goren, Ahmet C.; Köksal, Ekrem
This investigation explored the chemical constituents and biological activities of the steam-distilled oil of L. usitatissimum (SDOLU), employing sophisticated techniques including LC-HRMS, GC-MS, and GC-FID. The analysis identified a diverse array of 17 phenolic compounds, with linoleoyl chloride (64.05%) and linoleic acid (10.39%) as the major fatty acid components. The SDOLU demonstrated remarkable antioxidant capacity, effectively neutralizing free radicals in both DPPH• (IC50: 19.80 μg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50: 57.75 μg/mL) scavenging assays, alongside robust electron-donating activity in reducing ability tests. Moreover, the SDOLU showed significant inhibition of key enzymes implicated in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, including α-amylase (IC50: 531.44 μg/mL), acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 13.23 μg/mL), and carbonic anhydrase II (IC50: 281.02 μg/mL). Collectively, these results highlight the SDOLU as a valuable natural source of multifunctional bioactivities with potential applications in combating oxidative stress and enzyme-related global diseases. Further studies are warranted to validate its therapeutic efficacy and expand its industrial utilization.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2025Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Capacity, and Therapeutic Potential of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves
Işık, Mesut; Dikici, Emrah; Altın, Sevgi; Alp, Cemalettin; Kırboğa, Kevser Kübra; Köksal, Ekrem; Beydemir, Şükrü
The phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme inhibition activities of Mangifera indica L. leaf (MLs) ethanol extract were comprehensively evaluated to explore its therapeutic and industrial applications. Quantitative profiling of 21 phenolic compounds was performed using the LC–MS/MS method, with vanillic acid (1242.47 μg/L), gallic acid (283.58 μg/L), and quercetin (102.40 μg/L) identified as the most abundant constituents. Antioxidant activities were assessed through DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays, revealing moderate radical scavenging (DPPH: 26.87% ± 2.25%, ABTS: 14.65% ± 1.83%) and metal reduction capacities (FRAP: 0.118 ± 0.07, CUPRAC: 0.172 ± 0.03). In addition, MLs extract demonstrated dose-dependent inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE, IC50: 18.73 μg/mL), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, IC50: 8.56 μg/mL), and α-glucosidase (IC50: 10.83 μg/mL), highlighting its potential in the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and metabolic disorders including diabetes. The findings emphasize the bioactive potential of M. indica leaves, positioning them as a promising resource for sustainable valorization. By showcasing the applicability of this agricultural by-product, the study provides a foundation for innovations in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sectors. Nevertheless, further in vivo and clinical investigations are essential to fully validate their safety and therapeutic efficacy.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Glaucium cappadocicum: in vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anticholinesterase Inhibition Properties
Köksal, Ekrem; Altin, Sevgi
T his study evaluated the total phenolic and flavonoid material content as well as the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antic - holinesterase activities of extracts prepared from the endemic Glaucium cappadocicum plant. The extracts' antioxidant properties were assessed using the DPPH and FRAP methods, their antibacterial effects were assessed using the disk diffu - sion method on Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and their ability to inhibit cholinesterase activity was assessed using the Ellman method. In all biological activity assays, the alkaloid extract had the maximum activity. Especially in enzyme inhibition studies, alkaloid extract showed stronger inhibition than the standard inhibitor tacrine. These findings are the first report showing that high concentrations of compounds with antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial activity can be found in extracts from Glaucium cappadocicum.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Exploring of biological activity and diverse metabolites in hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed oil by GC/MS, GC-FID, and LC-HRMS chromatographies
Gulcin, Ilhami; Ozden, Eda Mehtap; Mutlu, Muzaffer; Mirzaee, Ziba; Bingol, Zeynebe; Köksal, Ekrem; Alwasel, Saleh; Goren, Ahmet C.
Background This study investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of hemp seed oil using various bioanalytical methods. Furthermore, this study determined the suppressive properties of hemp seed oil on alpha-amylase, acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase II that purified by the sepharose-4B-L-Tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity chromatoghraphy, all of which are related to different metabolic diseases. Moreover, the phenolic concentration in the essential oil was quantified through LC-HRMS chromatography. Thirteen distinct phenolic compounds were detected in hemp seed oil. Additionally, both the chemical components and quantity of essential oils within hemp seed oil were assessed through GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. Results The predominant essential oils in hemp seed oil included linoleoyl chloride (34.62%), linoleic acid (33.21%), and 2-4-di-tert-butylphenol (5.79%). Hemp seed oil's ability to scavenge radicals was studied through the use of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil bioanalytical radical scavenging methods. The results unveiled its potent radical-scavenging properties, with an 46.20 mu g/mL for 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals and IC50 of 9.76 mu g/mL for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radicals. The investigation also extended to explore the reducing capabilities of Fe3+-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine, copper (Cu2+), and iron (Fe3+). Hemp seed oil demonstrated notable inhibitory effect against alpha-amylase (IC50: 545.66 mu g/mL), achethylcholinesterase (IC50: 28.00 mu g/mL), and carbonic anhydrase II (IC50: 322.62 mu g/mL). Conclusions This interdisciplinary research will prove valuable and set the stage for future investigations into the antioxidant characteristics and enzyme inhibition patterns of plants and plants oils that hold medical and industrial significance.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Two new compounds from endemic Centaurea paphlagonica (Bornm.) Wagenitz and their cytotoxic activities
Tüfekçi, Ali Rıza; Demirtaş, İbrahim; Akşit, Hüseyin; Arslan, Şevki; Kocabıyık, Kübra; Zeybek, Sibel; Ozen, Tevfik; Köksal, Ekrem
Centaurea paphlagonica (Bornm.) Wagenitz is an endemic plant in Turkey. Pyrocatechol, vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, tamarixetin, chlorogenic acid methyl ester, quercetin, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, tamarixetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercimetrin, daucosterin, paphlagonicanin B, tamarixetin-7-O-β-rutinoside, rutin, chlorogenic acid, isoorientin, orientin, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, quercetagetin-3-methyl ether 6-O-β-glucopyranoside, diosmetin 6-C-β-glucopyranoside, quercetagetin 4′-methyl ether 7-O-β-glucopyranoside, paphlagonicanin A, nepetin, cirsiliol, desacylcynaropicrin, and 8α-O-(2′,3′-dihydroxyisobutyryl) desacylcynaropicrin were isolated from both flower and aerial parts of C. paphlagonica. These compounds were identified using 1D and 2D NMR methods and ESI-MS. The MTT assay assessed the antiproliferative activities of all isolated (known and new compounds) compounds on Caco-2, LNCaP, A549, HeLa, and HEK-293 cell lines. The 8α-O-(2′,3′-dihydroxyisobutyryl) desacylcynaropicrin demonstrated the highest activity against CaCo-2 and HeLa cancer cell lines.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Determination of secondary metabolites of Cydonia oblonga (Quince) by LC-MS/MS method together with evaluation of its antioxidant and cholinergic potentials
Dikici, Emrah; Altın, Sevgi; Alp, Cemalettin; Işık, Mesut; Köksal, Ekrem; Gülçin, İlhami
In this study, quantification of secondary metabolites of Cydonia oblonga (Quince) leaves by LC-MS/MS and antioxidant, cholinergic and α-Glycosidase activities were reported. LC-MS/MS analyses of the studied extract showed that the highest phenolic constituents of species were catechin (2024.9 ± 80.9 μg/L), vanillic acid (1121.8 ± 39.3 μg/L) and fumaric acid (486.7 ± 16.5 μg/L). The ethanol extract of quince leaves inhibited the α-glycosidase enzyme with an IC50: 0.6 μg/mL value. In order to determine the anti-Alzheimer activity of the plant extract, inhibition studies were carried out on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. The IC50 values of the plant extract were found to be 1.3 μg/mL for AChE and 1.5 μg/mL for BChE. In addition, free radical scavenging and metal reduction tests were performed to determine the antioxidant activity of the plant and the results were compared with Trolox. It was understood that the antioxidant potential of the plant was lower than Trolox. The results from biological abilities, molecular docking of catechin hydrate as abundant phenolic compounds in quince leaves extract to be an inhibitor candidate for AChE, BChE and α-glycosidase.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea Extracts; [Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea Ekstrelerinin Antioksidan, Antimikrobiyal ve Antiproliferatif Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi]
Altin, Sevgi; Alp, Cemalettin; Köksal, Ekrem; Akyüz, Sümeyye
Plants belonging to the Fabaceae family have great importance in animal nutrition and the protection of human health (antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular). Onobrychis, known as a potent antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial agent, its high phenolic substance is one of the important genera of this family. In this study, chloroform (OAC), ethanol (OAE), and water (OAW) extract of Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea (O. argyrea) specie was prepared; and the antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities were investigated. The antiproliferative effects of the extracts were evaluated on different cancer cell lines by XTT colourimetric method. OAE demonstrated the most excellent efficacy against all cell lines, according to the findings. MCF-7 83.71%, A549 92.14%, and HT-29 72.24% were all inhibited. The antimicrobial activity of OAE and OAW extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined using the disc-diffusion technique. Finally, antioxidant power was determined using DPPH and FRAP methods. In the DPPH research, OAE and OAW extracts showed the highest levels of inhibition (IC50: 34.12±0.2 and 21.58±0.12, respectively). OAE (257.95±1.40) and OAW (282.14±0.83) extracts showed high activity with similar results in the FRAP method. Total phenolic content was determined as 226.15±1.89 mg GAE/g for OAE and 146.52±0.71 mg GAE/g for OAW, respectively. These results show that the species is an essential source of antioxidants. These studies are the first data for Onobrychis argyrea subsp. argyrea. All these results show that the plant has various biological activities and rich secondary metabolites.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Isolation, characterization and anticancer activity of secondary metabolites from Verbascum speciosum
Demirci, Serpil; Alp, Cemalettin; Akşit, Hüseyin; Ulutaş, Yakup; Altay, Ahmet; Yeniçeri, Esma; Köksal, Ekrem; Yaylı, Nurettin
Herein, two iridoid glucosides aucubin (1) and ajugol (2), and two phenyl ethanoids, verbascoside (3) and poliumoside (4) were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Verbascum speciosum and used to study about their anticancer activity for the first time. The structures of all compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic data (IR, 1D and 2D NMR, LC-TOF/MS). Antiproliferative activities of Aucubun (1) and Verbascoside (3) were tested against A-549 (human colon cancer), MDA-MD-453 (human breast cancer) and 3T3-L1 (mouse fibroblast)cell lines by XTT assay. In addition, the anticarcer mechanism of action of aucubin (1) was investigated on MDA-MB-453 cells for the first time. XTT result showed that both applied compounds exhibited antiproliferative effect at different dose ranges depending on the cancer type, as well as selectivity between cancer and healty cell lines. Flow cytometry analyzes revealed that aucubin (1) exerts its cytotoxic effect in MDA-MB-453 cells by directing cells to early apoptosis and inhibiting the P13K/AKT signaling pathway.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Antioxidant, Antiglaucoma, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Effects of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Oil: Metabolite Profile Analysis Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS and GC-FID
Ozden, Eda Mehtap; Bingol, Zeynebe; Mutlu, Muzaffer; Karagecili, Hasan; Köksal, Ekrem; Goren, Ahmet C.; Alwasel, Saleh H.; Gulcin, İlhami
Determining the antioxidant abilities and enzyme inhibition profiles of medicinally important plants and their oils is of great importance for a healthy life and the treatment of some common global diseases. Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) oil was examined and researched using several bioanalytical methods comprehensively for the first time in this research to determine its antioxidant, antiglaucoma, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s capabilities. Additionally, the kiwifruit oil inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and α-amylase, which are linked to a number of metabolic illnesses, were established. Furthermore, LC-HRMS analysis was used to assess the phenolic content of kiwifruit oil. It came to light that kiwifruit oil contained 26 different phenolic compounds. According to the LC-HRMS findings, kiwifruit oil is abundant in apigenin (74.24 mg/L oil), epigallocatechin (12.89 mg/L oil), caryophyllene oxide (12.89 mg/L oil), and luteolin (5.49 mg/L oil). In addition, GC-MS and GC-FID studies were used to ascertain the quantity and chemical composition of the essential oils contained in kiwifruit oil. Squalene (53.04%), linoleoyl chloride (20.28%), linoleic acid (2.67%), and palmitic acid (1.54%) were the most abundant compounds in kiwifruit oil. For radical scavenging activities of kiwifruit oil, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+) radicals scavenging techniques were examined. These methods effectively demonstrated the potent radical scavenging properties of kiwifruit oil (IC50: 48.55 μg/mL for DPPH•, and IC50: 77.00 μg/mL for ABTS•+ scavenging). Also, for reducing capabilities, iron (Fe3+), copper (Cu2+), and Fe3+-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) reducing abilities were studied. Moreover, kiwifruit oil showed a considerable inhibition effect towards hCA II (IC50: 505.83 μg/mL), AChE (IC50: 12.80 μg/mL), and α-amylase (IC50: 421.02 μg/mL). The results revealed that the use of kiwifruit oil in a pharmaceutical procedure has very important effects due to its antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antidiabetic, and antiglaucoma effects.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Leaf Oil Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS, and GC-FID: Determination of Antiglaucoma, Antioxidant, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Profiles
Mutlu, Muzaffer; Bingol, Zeynebe; Uc, Eda Mehtap; Köksal, Ekrem; Goren, Ahmet C.; Alwasel, Saleh H.; Gulcin, İlhami
In this study, for the first time, the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of the essential oil from cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) leaves were evaluated and investigated using various bioanalytical methods. In addition, the inhibitory effects of cinnamon oil on carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and α-amylase, which are associated with various metabolic diseases, were determined. Further, the phenolic contents of the essential oil were determined using LC-HRMS chromatography. Twenty-seven phenolic molecules were detected in cinnamon oil. Moreover, the amount and chemical profile of the essential oils present in cinnamon oil was determined using GC/MS and GC-FID analyses. (E)-cinnamaldehyde (72.98%), benzyl benzoate (4.01%), and trans-Cinnamyl acetate (3.36%) were the most common essential oils in cinnamon leaf oil. The radical scavenging activities of cinnamon oil were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH•), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and (ABTS•+) bioanalytical scavenging methods, which revealed its strong radical scavenging abilities (DPPH•, IC50: 4.78 μg/mL; and ABTS•+, IC50: 5.21 μg/mL). Similarly, the reducing capacities for iron (Fe3+), copper (Cu2+), and Fe3+-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) were investigated. Cinnamon oil also exhibited highly effective inhibition against hCA II (IC50: 243.24 μg/mL), AChE (IC50: 16.03 μg/mL), and α-amylase (IC50: 7.54μg/mL). This multidisciplinary study will be useful and pave the way for further studies for the determination of antioxidant properties and enzyme inhibition profiles of medically and industrially important plants and their oils.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Determination of Antioxidant Activity of The Leaves of Hawthorn (Crataegus Monogyna)
Dikici, Emrah; Köksal, Ekrem
This study was carried out to make decision the antioxidant activity of the leaves of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), which is a natural source of antioxidants. For this purpose, the leaves of hawthorn were collected and dried, and an ethanol extract was prepared. Total antioxidant activity (with respect to the ferric thiocyanate method), ion reduction capacity of Cu2+ (copper method), and Fe3+ (potassium ferricyanide reduction method) were determined on the prepared ethanol extracts. Additionally, scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and determination of the total phenolic-flavonoid compound content were carry out. The extracts obtained from Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) leaves were found to inhibit lipid peroxidation (of linoleic acid emulsion) by 40.9%. This inhibition occurred at a concentration of 10 μg/mL of the extracts. At the similar concentration, BHT exhibited 68.3% inhibition, while trolox exhibited 29.9% inhibition. Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), which was found to have a higher total phenolic content than trolox, exhibited significant DPPH scavenging and metal reduction activities. During the investigation of the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract obtained from Crataegus monogyna, α-tocopherol, its water-soluble analogue trolox and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) were utilized as reference antioxidant compounds.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Antifungal Activity of Extracts From the Ferulago Pauciradiata in Vitro Against Botrytis Cinerea Pers
Karakuş, Sinem; Suyurdu, Tuba Nur; Köksal, Ekrem; Alp, Cemalettin
This is the first study to reveal the antifungal properties of Ferulago pauciradiata plant. In this context investigated the effects of methanol (FPM), ethanol (FPE), hexane (FPH) and water (FPW) extracts of the F. pauciradiata plant on the prevention of losses caused by gray mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers) in vitro. The effects of FPM, FPE, and FPH 10, 25, 50, 100, 300, 500, 1000, and 2000 µL doses were determined by mycelium growth, germ tube elongation, and spore germination in vitro. The water extract didn’t show antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Compared to the control, both FPM and FPH caused 100% inhibition at the dose of 2000 µL by suppressing mycelial growth due to dose increases, while FPE had a 97.3% effect on the same parameter at the dose of 2000 µL. While there was no elongation at the 2000 µL dose of FPM and FPH, there was an elongation of 8.4 µm at the same dose of FPM. In spore germination, 0% germination was observed in FPM and FPH 2000 µL dose, while 17.5% germination was observed in FPE. These results show that F. pauciradiata extracts, which are of biological origin and are not environmentally toxic, are a good alternative for use in the control of B. cinerea.
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