Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

  • ArticleAçık Erişim2026
    Climatic Variables as Drivers of Pterocarpus erinaceus (Fabaceae): Distribution and the Implications of Climate Change

    Sari, İdris; Ismael, Bio; Ullah, Fazal; Agoundé, Gafarou; Yildiz, Faruk

    Pterocarpus erinaceus is an ecologically and economically important tree species native to the Sahel region of West Africa, facing severe threats due to overexploitation, habitat degradation, and climate change. This study assesses the impact of key climatic variables on the species' current distribution and projects potential range shifts across Africa under mid-21st century climate scenarios. Using an ensemble modeling approach that combines various algorithms and utilizes 37 comprehensive climatic variables, the analysis revealed significant patterns of highly suitable habitat, concentrated primarily in West Africa. Projections under low and medium emission scenarios for 2040–2060 and 2080–2100 periods predict a reduction in climatically unsuitable areas and a potential expansion of suitable habitats, suggesting that the species may be somewhat resilient to medium-term climate changes. The primary climatic factors limiting the species' distribution were identified as the Mean Temperature of the Driest Quarter and the Climatic Moisture Index. These results underscore the species' ecophysiological dependence on specific temperature and moisture regimes. Crucially, while our projections suggest the species exhibits resilience and potential habitat expansion under medium-term climate change, its realization is contingent upon mitigating persistent anthropogenic pressures. Therefore, to ensure the species' long-term persistence and maintain the ecological integrity of the West African Savanna Biome, conservation strategies must prioritize aggressive, in situ actions focused on sustainable management, controlled harvesting, and the protection of current and future suitable habitats, rather than focusing solely on long-term climate change adaptation measures.

    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2026
    Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Pyrolysis Liquids from Walnut Residue

    Koc, Ibrahim; Ogun, Erdal; Geven, Fatmagul; Guney, Kerim; Yildiz, Faruk; Kaya, Ozkan

    Pyrolysis liquid (PL) derived from biomass pyrolysis exhibits biopesticidal properties and represents a promising value-added product within the sustainable circular economy framework. However, knowledge about the antimicrobial potential of PLs produced from walnut residue at different pyrolysis temperatures remains limited. We investigated the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of PLs obtained from agricultural walnut residue (Juglans regia L.) against selected plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi. PLs were produced at four temperature ranges: 200–300 °C (W-1), 300–400 °C (W-2), 400–500 °C (W-3), and 500–600 °C (W-4). Chemical characterization was performed using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), with determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Pyrolysis temperature significantly influenced the chemical profile and bioactive compound content of the PLs, with W-4 showing the highest total phenolic and flavonoid levels. Heavy metal analysis indicated minimal contamination in all samples. Antibacterial activity was observed in stock solutions, whereas diluted applications showed limited effects. The W-4 fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity and exhibited MIC values of 12.50 µL/mL against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and 25.00 µL/mL against Erwinia amylovora. Antifungal activity differed markedly across temperature ranges, with W-3 and W-4 displaying superior activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Verticillium dahliae, achieving complete mycelial growth inhibition at 5%, compared to 10% for W-2 and 20% for W-1. Positive controls confirmed assay validity (ciprofloxacin for antibacterial assays and cycloheximide for antifungal assays), whereas negative controls showed no inhibitory effect. Overall, higher pyrolysis temperatures, particularly 400–600 °C, enhanced the antimicrobial potential of walnut residue-derived PLs, supporting their possible use as bio-based antifungal agents for sustainable crop protection.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2025
    Functional Ecology of Floral Traits and Plant Pollinator Interactions in Two Endemic Scrophularia L. Species from Erzincan, Türkiye

    Kandemir, Ali; Kılıç, Engin; Yildiz, Faruk; Türkoğlu, Halil İbrahim; Yildirim, Nalan

    Plant–pollinator interactions are fundamental to reproductive success, yet remain understudied in the Turkish ecological context, particularly for endemic species. This study investigates pollinator diversity, behavior, and environmental influences in two rare Scrophularia L. species endemic to Erzincan, Türkiye: S. fatmae and S. erzincanica. Field observations conducted between 2019 and 2020 documented floral visitors, visitation frequency, and the role of floral morphology in guiding pollinator behavior. Climatic variables such as temperature, humidity, and wind were also analyzed in relation to pollinator activity. The high-altitude S. fatmae was visited exclusively by Bombus niveatus, which proved effective even under cold and windy conditions, whereas S. erzincanica attracted a more diverse community, including Halictus quadricinctus, Halictus sp., and Lasioglossum pauxillum, the efficiency of pollination was strongly linked to floral architecture; clustered flowers and staminodes enhanced pollinator guidance and cross-pollination. Statistical comparisons further highlighted differences in body size and foraging strategies between pollinator groups. Environmental conditions were shown to significantly limit pollinator activity, with high humidity and low temperatures reducing visitation. Additionally, unexpected warming events accelerated phenology in S. fatmae, indicating potential risks from climate change. Overall, this research provides novel insights into the functional ecology of endemic Scrophularia species, demonstrating how floral traits, pollinator behavior, and environmental variables interact to shape reproductive strategies. These findings contribute to biodiversity conservation efforts and underscore the importance of long-term monitoring under changing climatic conditions.

    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2025
    Exploring the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Key Lamiaceae Species Uncovers the Secrets of Evolutionary Dynamics and Phylogenetic Relationships

    Alp Furan, Mehmet; Yildiz, Faruk; Kaya, Ozkan

    Chloroplast genome analysis provides crucial insights into plant evolution, classification, and conservation strategies. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis of chloroplast genome architecture, gene content, and evolutionary relationships among five species of Lamiaceae (Lavandula angustifolia, Mentha × piperita, Ocimum × africanum, Salvia japonica, and Thymus serpyllum). Complete chloroplast genome sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database and analyzed using a systematic bioinformatics pipeline. Genome annotation was performed using Geneious Prime software, while repetitive sequence analysis was conducted using Tandem Repeats Finder. Phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using MEGA software, implementing both the DualBrothers model and Neighbor-Joining method. The analyzed genomes exhibited the characteristic quadripartite structure, with sizes ranging from 152,048 to 153,995 base pairs and GC content between 37.8 and 38.0%. Each genome contained 131–134 genes, including 50 protein-coding sequences, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Comparative analysis revealed region-specific GC content variations, with IR regions showing the highest (43.0–43.4%), followed by LSC (35.9–36.2%) and SSC regions (31.6–32.1%). Codon usage analysis demonstrated a significant bias toward T/C-ending codons, particularly TTT, AAA, and AAT, correlating with the high AT content. Notable variations were observed at the LSC/IR/SSC junction regions, attributed to IR expansion and contraction. Molecular clock analyses indicated consistent evolutionary rates across the studied species. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular evolution of Lamiaceae chloroplast genomes and establish a foundation for future research in plant molecular biology, systematic studies, and conservation efforts.

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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2024
    Erzincan İli-Ergan Dağı'nda Yaygın Bitki Türleri ve Topraklarındaki Mineral Elementlerin Rakımsal Değişimi

    Elverici, Mert; Kandemir, Ali; Kılıç, Engin; Osma, Etem; Varol, Tuğçe; Yildiz, Faruk; Türkoğlu, Halil İbrahim; Hasbenli, Abdullah; Kiymaz, Muhammet Onur

    Bu çalışma, 2021-2022 yıllarında Erzincan il sınırları içerisinde yer alan Ergan Dağı’nın farklı yüksekliklerinde yetişen 30 bitki türü ile yapılmıştır. Bunun için 1500 m yükseklikte (Glaucium leiocarpum Boiss., Alcea calvertii, Genista aucheri, Astragalus ornithopodioides, Anchusa leptophylla, Linum mucronatum, Euphorbia virgata) 2000 m’de (Genista aucheri, Hypericum scabrum, Tanacetum mucroniferum, Barbarea auriculata, Onobrychis cornuta, Inula oculus-christi, Euphorbia virgata, Globularia trichosantha) 2500 m’de (Aster alpinus, Lallemantia canescens, Scutellaria orientalis, Dianthus orientalis, Coronilla orientalis, Campanula tridentata, Crepis armena, Anthemis cretica, Euphorbia petrophila, Papaver fugax) ve 3000 m’de (Senecio hypoleucus, Pedicularis comosa, Scorzonera sericea, Anthemis cretica, Astragalus nezaketiae, Papaver fugax, Campanula tridentata, Senecio hypoleucus, Hedysarum erythroleucum) olacak şekilde farklı rakımlardan toplanan bitkiler ve yetiştikleri topraklarda mineral elementlerin konsantrasyonu belirlenmiştir. Toplanan bitki (kök, yaprak, çiçek) ve toprak örnekleri ön işlemlerden geçirildikten sonra ICP-MS cihazında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilerek, rakımlar arasındaki farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yükselti arttıkça topraktaki elementlerin genel olarak azaldığı görülmüştür.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2024
    Land Cover Dynamics and Environmental Implications in Türkiye’s Riparian Zones: A Comprehensive Seven-Year Study

    Akturk, Emre; Guney, Kerim; Aydin, Mirac; Yildiz, Faruk; Kaya, Ozkan

    This study examines the Riparian Buffer Zones (RBZs) in Türkiye, analyzing land cover changes from 2017 to 2023 to assess their effectiveness in ecological conservation and water resource management. The research employs Esri-Sentinel land cover data, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation models, and RiverATLAS data to identify and delineate RBZs, classify land cover types, and evaluate trends and changes over seven years. The findings indicate that 44.8% of RBZs are covered by ‘Rangelands’, 32.2% by ‘Crops’, and 16.1% by ‘Trees’ classes. The study notes a considerable increase in built areas and agricultural fields, which may indicate ongoing urban expansion and its potential impact on the effectiveness of RBZs. Despite regulatory efforts, the substantial presence of agriculture within RBZs indicates a need for more robust environmental protection policies. The results indicate a pressing need for a policy reassessment to enhance forest cover within RBZs and reduce agricultural encroachment. This would improve water quality and facilitate the achievement of sustainability goals numbered 2, 3, 6, 11, 14 and 15. The findings thus call for a strategic enhancement of RBZ management to better protect water resources against the adverse effects of agricultural and urban activities.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    • SDG 11 · Sürdürülebilir Şehirler ve Topluluklar
    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleYalnız künye2024
    Preserving the richness of nature: cultural and ecological importance of edible wild plants in Sivas

    Kadioglu, Zakine; Yildiz, Faruk; Kandemir, Ali; Cukadar, Kemal; Kalkan, Nalan Nazan; Vurgun, Huseyin; Donderalp, Veysel; Korkut, Recep; Kaya, Ozkan

    This comprehensive article offers a thorough exploration of the abundant plant species that hold a deep connection with the history and daily life of Sivas, within the context of its traditional culture and ethnobotany. The Asteraceae family, which encompassed 22 species, emerged as the most diverse family. Other notable families included Brassicaceae (8 species), Fabaceae (9 species), Polygonaceae (10 species), Apiaceae (11 species), and Lamiaceae (21 species), and the study systematically classified 128 plant species and subplants into 29 different families. The study categorized these plants based on their edible parts to understand their role in Sivas’ culinary traditions, revealing a wide range of edible components, including leaves, seeds, flowers, roots, tubers, gum, fruits, branches, and more. Cerinthe minor, Berberis vulgaris, Stachys lavandulifolia and others provided nourishing leaves and young shoots. The study categorized plants based on their preparation methods, highlighting their integral role in Sivas’ traditional cuisine. Seeds namely Echinops orientalis and Cephalaria procera introduced culinary diversity, while certain plants, such as Geranium tuberosum and Cirsium rhizocephalum, contributed edible roots, expanding the repertoire of local dishes. Whether utilized in cooked dishes, salads, or as spices, these plants impart unique flavors and aromas to the local culinary creations. Whether used in cooked dishes, salads, or as spices, these plants add unique flavors and aromas to local food. Spices such as Mentha longifolia and Thymus leucotrichus enriched the culinary landscape, while Thymus sipyleus and Ziziphora clinopodioides brought their distinct tastes to dishes. The repeated use of common names across different species, such as “Yemlik” “Yağlıca” “Nane” and “Kekik” suggests a shared cultural heritage and linguistic connection among these plants, further emphasizing their significance in the local context. Five species have been newly documented as additions to the flora of Sivas. In summary, this study underscores the importance of preserving and appreciating the botanical knowledge and practices of Sivas traditional culture and ethnobotany. The numerical values within the findings quantitatively showcase the ecological and cultural richness of these plant species, thus making this subject a vital area of study for researchers and a valuable resource for conservationists aiming to safeguard this unique cultural and botanical heritage.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2024
    Pollination Strategies and Reproductive Biology of Fritillaria imperialis L. (Liliaceae): Insights from Erzincan, Türkiye

    Yildiz, Faruk; Aslay, Meral; Kaya, Ozkan

    Fritillaria spp., comprising perennial bulbous plants of significant medicinal and ornamental value, face high endangerment in their natural habitats. Despite their importance, the reproductive characteristics and adaptive evolution mechanisms of these species remain incompletely understood. This study focused on the pollination strategies and reproductive biology of Fritillaria imperialis L. The research was conducted at the Erzincan Horticultural Research Institute in Türkiye. Our investigation categorized the flowering process of F. imperialis into nine distinct phases. Through comprehensive assessments of the pollen/ovule ratio, self-incompatibility index (SII), and ex situ pollination experiments, we observed high levels of self-incompatibility and allogamy in F. imperialis. Our findings revealed that pollination of F. imperialis primarily relied on pollen vectors, with Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris identified as the most effective pollinators. Furthermore, average seed set rate, seed production, and seed viability were quantified at 80.5%, 228 seeds, and 86.3%, respectively. The average numbers of pollen viability and pollen grains were measured at 93% and 702,000, respectively. This comprehensive analysis of the reproductive biology of F. imperialis provides crucial insights for the conservation and genetic management of this highly valuable species. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the reproductive strategies employed by Fritillaria spp., which may inform future conservation efforts and breeding programs for these endangered plants.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2023
    Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde (Türkiye) Yayılış Gösteren Scrophularia erzincanica ve Scrophularia fatmae (Scrophulariaceae) Popülasyonlarının Genetik Çeşitlilik Analizleri

    Kandemir, Ali; Kılıç, Engin; Yildiz, Faruk; Türkoğlu, Halil İbrahim; Yildirim, Nalan

    Scrophularia fatmae Kandemir & İlhan ve Scrophularia erzincanica R.R. Mill (Scrophulariaceae) Erzincan/Türkiye'ye özgü endemik türlerdir. S. erzincanica ve S. fatmae'de ki IUCN kategorileri sırasıyla EN ve CR'dir. Bu çalışmada, ISSR belirteçlerini kullanarak Erzincan'daki üç S. erzincanica popülasyonunun ve iki S. fatmae popülasyonunun genetik varyasyon seviyelerini ve genetik yapısı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 10 primer, 75 bireyden oluşan beş popülasyondan 104'ü (%89.6) polimorfik olmak üzere toplam 116 bandı amplifiye edildi. UPGMA küme analizi, genetik varyasyonlar ve coğrafi mesafeler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Alpin bölgesine uyum sağlamış olan S. fatmae'nin yayılış alanı ve populasyon büyüklüğü daha küçüktür. Ek olarak, S. fatmae'nin kendi kendine tozlaşma eğilimi daha yüksektir. S. erzincanica daha büyük bir popülasyona sahiptir. S. erzincanica ve S. fatmae'de etkili tozlayıcı sayısı sırasıyla üç ve birdir. Bu sebeplerin de katkısı ve araştırma sonuçlarına göre S. fatmae ve S. erzincanica türleri karşılaştırıldığında S. erzincanica'da genetik çeşitliliğin daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma sonucunda elde edilen genetik veriler, S. erzincanica ve S. fatmae türlerinin yanı sıra diğer nadir ve tehlike altındaki bitki türleri için koruma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesinde kullanılabilir.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2023
    Ergan Dağı’nın Farklı Yükseltilerinde Yaygın Olarak Yetişen Bitkilerde Ağır Metal (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb) Birikiminin Belirlenmesi

    Elverici, Mert; Kandemir, Ali; Kılıç, Engin; Osma, Etem; Varol, Tuğçe; Yildiz, Faruk; Türkoğlu, Halil İbrahim; Hasbenli, Abdullah; Kiymaz, Muhammet Onur; Akverdi, Aysel

    Bu çalışma, Erzincan il sınırları içerisinde yer alan Ergan Dağı’nın farklı yüksekliklerinde yetişen yaygın 30 bitki türü ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 1500 m, 2000 m, 2500 m ve 3000 m olmak üzere farklı yüksekliklerden toplanan bitkilerde ve yetiştikleri topraklarda metal (Cd, Cr, Pb, Co, Ba) konsantrasyonları tespit edilmiştir. Toplanan bitkilerin çiçek, yaprak ve kök ile yetiştikleri topraklar laboratuvarda ön işlemlerden geçirilmiştir. Hazır hale getirilen örneklerde metal konsantrasyonları ICP-MS’te analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bitki ve toprağa ait metal verileri istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilerek, her bir metal için rakımlar arasındaki farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada Cd ve Pb konsantrasyonunun 2500 m yetişen bitkilerde ve topraklarda yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. İlave olarak, Turanecio hypochionaeus ve Crepis armena türlerinin bünyesinde kadmiyum metalini toprağa göre daha fazla biriktirdiği ve bazı türlerin biyomonitor özelliğe sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2023
    A new species of Hedysarum (Fabaceae) from Turkey

    Kandemr, Al; Sevndk, Emre; Yildiz, Faruk; Türkoğlu, Hall Brahm; Yildiz, Bayram

    Hedysarum yilmazunalii Kandemir, F. Yıldız & H.İ. Turkoğlu is described as a new species from Turkey (Eastern Anatolia). The distribution range of the species is restricted to Kemah and Kemaliye districts in Erzincan province on serpentine soils. Hedysarum yilmazunalii is close to Hedysarum candidissimum Freyn in terms of morphological and molecular data. It is also morphologically close to Hedysarum malatyanum Govaerts. In this study, the morphological comparison of the new species with related species is presented. Molecular studies are also done using nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F regions. ITS data gives better results in phylogenetic analysis. In addition to the morphological data, the results of DNA analysis of the new species are also discussed.

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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2023
    Exploring the Biodiversity and Conservation Value of Alpine Grasslands in the Bucegi Massif, Romanian Carpathians

    Bita-Nicolae, Claudia; Yildiz, Faruk; Kaya, Ozkan

    The Carpathian region harbors a wide range of threatened species, making it an area of exceptional conservation value. In the Alpine belt, grasslands cover the entire region and this study aims to describe the communities in the Bucegi Massif of the Romanian Carpathians and highlight their importance for conservation. The Braun–Blanquet approach was used to record floristic data from 47 phytosociological surveys, identifying a total of 235 plant species from 40 different families, including 30 threatened species. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to analyze the data, revealing that the distribution of vegetation is mainly influenced by elevation, slope and vegetation cover. Dominant grass species in these communities include Nardus stricta, Festuca violacea, Kobresia myosuroides, Festuca amethystina, Festuca airoides, Sesleria rigida, Festuca versicolor and Festuca carpatica. The alpine and boreal siliceous grasslands of the Carpathian Mountains, identified by Natura 2000 codes 6150, 6130 and 6170, host a wide range of plant species of significant conservation value. The higher altitude grasslands, especially, have outstanding plant species richness. We argue that although the habitats have been grazed, significant parts of the area are still in good ecological condition, having many typical natural features.

    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleYalnız künye2022
    Erzincan (Türkiye) Florasına Dair Bazı Gözlemler ve Öneriler

    Kandemir, Ali; Yildiz, Faruk; Türkoğlu, Halil İbrahim

    Erzincan, endemik bitkiler başta olmak üzere doğal bitki çeşitliliği bakımından Türkiye’nin önemli illerinin başında gelir. Kayıtlara göre ilde 2500 civarında taksonun doğal yayılışa sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Gelecekte gerçekleştirilecek floristik çalışmalarla bu sayının daha da artabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmada 2002-2021 yılları arasında Erzincan ilinde gerçekleştirilen münferit botanik gezilere ait tespit edilen ilginç floristik gözlem sonuçlarına yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca ilin florasına ait yapılan çalışmalar dikkate alındığında, floristik yönden yeterince araştırılmamış bölgeler ve bitki grupları gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara katkıda bulunmak amacıyla vurgulanmıştır. Onosma argentata Hub.-Mor., Onosma discedens Hausskn. ex Bornm. türünün sinonimi olarak verilmiştir. Adonis paryadrica (Boiss.) Kandemir & Aytaç, Aethionema erzincanum Kandemir & Aytaç, Allium shahinii H.Duman & Ekşi, Eryngium erzincanicum Yıld., Ferulago glareosa Kandemir & Hedge, Gladiolus hamzaoglui H.Duman, Sağıroğlu & Tekşen, Hypericum kemaliyense Dirmenci & N.Robson, Paronychia kocii Budak ve Pastinaca erzincanensis Menemen & Kandemir türlerine ait yeni Türkçe bilimsel adlar önerilmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre Erzincan’da 596 endemik takson tespit edilmiş olup, bunların 64 kadarı Erzincan iline özgüdür.

    • SDG 15 · Karasal Yaşam
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  • ArticleYalnız künye2020
    Sürek Sıracaotu [Scrophularia erzincanica R.R.Mill (Scrophulariaceae)]’nunPolinatörleri ve Zararlı Böcekleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

    Bekdemir, Mehmet; Kandemir, Ali; Kılıç, Engin; Yildiz, Faruk; Türkoğlu, Halil İbrahim; Yildirim, Nalan

    Bu çalışma Erzincan’a özgü ve aromatik özelliğe sahip Scrophularia erzincanica R.R.Mill(Scrophulariaceae) türünün polinatörlerini belirlemek üzere 2019-2020 Nisan-Haziran aylarıarasında yürütülmüştür. Polinatörlerin yanında, türe zarar verdiği görülen diğer böcekçeşitleri de tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Halictus quadricinctus Fabricius(Halictidae) ve Halictus pauxillus Schnck. (Halictidae) türlerinin S. erzincanica için temelpolinatörler olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Eristalis tenax L. (Syrphidae) ve Eristalinus taeniopsWiedemann (Syrphidae) türlerinin ise ikinci derece polinatörü olduğu belirlenmiştir. BazıColeoptera ve Lepidoptera türlerinin ise larva ve erginlerinin S. erzincanica’nın değişikkısımlarına zarar verdikleri gözlenmiştir. S. erzincanica için en önemli iki zararlınınColeoptera takımından Gymnetron villosulum Gyllenhal ve Cionus hortulanus Geoffroyolduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu zararlıların özellikle meyvelere zarar verdiği görülmüştür. Ayrıcabazı predatör böceklerin de bitkiyi konak olarak kullandığı ve bitkiden nektar almak veyadeğişik amaçlar için gelen böcekleri avlamayı amaçladıkları gözlenmiştir. Türün yetişmeortamlarında polinatör ve zararlı olduğu bilinen fakat S. erzincanica ile doğrudan bir ilişkisibulunmayan farklı böcek takımlarına ait başka böcek taksonları da tespit edilmiştir.Çalışmada tespit edilen bu taksonlardan da söz edilmiştir.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
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