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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026Waste Management Strategies for Environmental Wellbeing: Exploring the Roles of Environmental Regulations and Green Finance in Reducing Carbon Intensity
Caglar, Abdullah Emre; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Demirdag, Ismail; Manga, Muge; Aydın, Sercan
Rising industrial activity, urban expansion, and economic growth continue to intensify waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions, placing growing pressure on environmental sustainability. In this setting, reducing the carbon intensity of electricity generation has become a key policy priority, particularly in advanced economies pursuing long-term decarbonization. Grounded in Ecological Modernization Theory and the Porter Hypothesis, this study examines the effects of waste management, environmental regulations, green finance, and economic growth on the carbon intensity of electricity generation in the G-6 economies, namely France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This article contributes to the literature in two ways. First, the paper ensures a focused assessment of the direct roles of waste management, environmental regulations, and green finance in shaping carbon intensity in advanced economies. Second, it investigates whether the effectiveness of green finance depends on the stringency of environmental regulation. Utilizing panel data of the 2000–2020 period, drawn from Our World in Data, the World Development Indicators, the OECD, and the IEA, the analysis employs the CS-ARDL and AMG estimators to address issues of cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The findings show that waste management, environmental regulations, and economic growth reduce carbon intensity in the long run, whereas green finance on its own does not have a statistically significant effect. However, green finance becomes effective when combined with stricter environmental regulations. These findings underscore the importance of coordinated policy design and offer practical insights to advance progress toward SDGs 11, 12, and 13.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Assessing the influence of green innovation and environmental policy stringency on CO2 emissions in BRICS
Çetinkaya, Ozlem Akguc; Çatik, Abdurrahman Nazif; Balli, Esra; Manga, Muge; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This article examines the effect of environmental policy stringency and green innovation on CO2 emissions in the BRICS nations, using annual data from 1990 to 2019 utilizing panel FMOLS and DOLS estimators and Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). To this end, we estimate an equation in which CO2 emissions are explained by GDP, trade openness, nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, the environmental stringency index, and green innovation, as measured by the number of patent applications for environmentally related inventions. FMOLS and DOLS results reveal that GDP, nonrenewable energy consumption, and trade openness have a positive effect on environmental pollution, whereas improvements in renewable energy consumption and environmental regulations lead to a drop in CO2 emissions. However, green innovation does not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions. MMQR estimates demonstrate that the GDP has a positive effect on CO2 emissions across all quantiles, suggesting that a higher degree of economic growth is associated with higher emissions. Based on findings, empirical evidence suggests that BRICS countries should follow the policies encouraging the reduction of nonrenewable energy consumption in the region without harming the development of the economy. Besides, policymakers should promote renewable energy consumption and enhance investment in green innovation to achieve sustainable development and environmental quality.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Unleashing power of financial technologies on mineral productivity in G-20 countries
Cevik, Nuket Kırcı; Cevik, Emrah I.; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Bugan, Mehmet Fatih; Manga, Müge
This study aims to investigate the effects of financial technologies (FinTech) on mineral productivity, used for the first time in an empirical analysis, for G-20 countries. In the process, the impacts of financial technology, population, economic growth, trade openness, human capital, and total factor productivity on mineral productivity are examined using panel regression and panel VAR procedure for the period from 2002 to 2019. Empirical research yielded evidence indicating that increasing factor productivity and finance technology drive an increase in mineral productivity. Nonetheless, there is an inverse relationship between trade openness and mineral productivity. Moreover, there is no statistically significant relationship between economic growth, population growth, human capital accumulation, and mineral productivity. Furthermore, we also utilized with method of moments quantile regression technique to observe the effects of explanatory variables on different quantiles of mineral productivity. The findings demonstrate that although economic growth has a negative effect on mineral productivity across all quantiles, a positive increase in factor productivity has an influence on mineral productivity across all quantiles. However, financial technology and human capital accumulation only benefit mineral productivity at huge quantiles. Additionally, the outcomes of the robustness check techniques used show that financial technologies and mineral productivity have a bidirectional causal link and that, in the former instance of positive shocks in the latter, there are positive and substantial reactions.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Foreign investments and load capacity factor in BRICS: the moderating role of environmental policy stringency
Yıldırım, Metin; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Müge
This research examines whether environmental regulations have a moderating effect on the link between foreign direct investment and the environment, as well as the effect of foreign capital investments on environmental quality for BRICS nations. In this approach, using second-generation panel data methodologies for the period 1992–2020, the impacts of foreign direct investments, real national income, consumption of renewable energy, and environmental stringency index on the load capacity factor are explored in the base empirical model. In order to test if there is any evidence of a potential parabolic link between economic growth and environmental quality, the model also includes the square of real national income. In addition, in the robustness model, the moderating role of environmental policy on foreign investment and environmental quality is checked. Empirical results show a U-shaped association between environmental quality and economic development. The usage of renewable energy and the environmental stringency index is also shown to improve environmental quality, although foreign direct investments decrease it. Finally, it is determined that environmental regulations are effective in undoing the negative impacts of foreign capital investments on environmental quality, demonstrating the validity of their moderating function.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024How do energy consumption, globalization, and income inequality affect environmental quality across growth regimes?
Çatık, Abdurrahman Nazif; Bucak, Çağla; Ballı, Esra; Manga, Muge; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This paper investigates the impacts of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, income inequality, and globalization on the ecological footprints of 49 countries for the period of 1995–2018. Panel cointegration test reveals a long-run relationship between the variables. Long-run parameter estimates derived from AMG and CCEMG, increasing income and nonrenewable energy consumption, have a significant positive impact on the ecological footprint, while countries that consume more renewable energy have seen an improvement in the quality of the environment. Conversely, neither income inequality nor globalization has a significant effect on national EFs. Evidence from the estimation of the panel threshold error correction model, where GDP growth is used as the transition variable, indicates a significant threshold effect, which supports a nonlinear relationship among the variables by identifying two distinct growth regimes: lower and upper. For the estimation sample, the positive and significant parameter estimates for economic growth in both growth regimes do not support the EKC hypothesis. The results indicate that renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption has a larger impact on the EF in the upper than lower growth regime. The threshold estimates are in line with the linear long-run estimates that do not indicate that income inequality has a significant impact on ecological footprint. However, globalization appears to negatively affect environmental quality in the lower growth regime.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Analyzing the load capacity curve hypothesis for the Turkiye: A perspective for the sustainable environment
Caglar, Abdullah Emre; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge
Although it takes time to achieve a sustainable environment, this goal can be possible with the Sustainable Development Goals. The transition from gray energy sources to green in the 21st century is among the important policy goals of global economies. Since this process is long, countries focus on energy efficiency as part of their carbon reduction policies. In this context, this study investigates the impact of clean energy technologies on environmental quality in Turkiye. Using the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis, human capital, income, and natural resources are theoretically added to the balance model. The novel Augmented ARDL with Fourier terms approach is used in the empirical analysis. As a result of the analysis, the LCC hypothesis is valid, and income will support environmental quality after a certain level. While human capital increases environmental quality, natural resources bring environmental pollution. Finally, it is determined that clean energy technologies have not yet reached the level that enables carbon reduction. The finding that clean energy technologies are insufficient for Turkiye, as a result of empirical analysis, shows the uniqueness of this study. With our new findings, policymakers can take action for a sustainable environment. Since Turkiye has to ensure energy security due to its regional characteristics, it should increase investments in clean energy technologies. Based on empirical findings, clean energy technologies will gain momentum as policymakers support human capital.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024High-income developing countries as pollution havens: Can financial development and environmental regulations make a difference?
Destek, Mehmet Akif; Yıldırım, Metin; Manga, Müge
The argument that foreign direct investments inflows in developing countries harm the environmental quality of these countries is evaluated within the scope of Pollution Haven Hypothesis. However, the Pollution Halo Hypothesis, the counterargument, contends that foreign investment has several positive effects on the environmental circumstances in the host nation. Therefore, firstly the unit root properties of variables and cointegration existence among variables are checked with newly developed panel data techniques that both allows cross-sectional dependence and structural breaks. In addition, using recently established CS-ARDL technique for high-income developing nations (BRICS-T), this research examines the effects of foreign direct investment on the environment as well as whether environmental regulations and financial development have changed the potential haven hypothesis into the halo hypothesis for the period from 1995 to 2020. The pollution haven theory holds true for these nations, according to the results of empirical research. On the other side, it is determined that tighter environmental restrictions support the environmental quality, and the usage of renewable energy also improves environmental quality, even if economic growth harms environmental quality. In addition, it is found that both regulations and financial development has a moderating role on reversing the haven to halo.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Can digital government reduce the resource dependency? Evidence from method of moments quantile technique
Destek, Mehmet Akif; Hossain, Mohammad Razib; Manga, Müge; Destek, Gamze
The conventional thinking states that pervasive government corruption may turn resource plenty in resource-rich countries into a burden. These issues may surface, particularly when the public sector uses conventional procedures. Based on this, the research looks at how the public sector's digitalization might aid in resolving this issue. Specifically, economic growth, trade openness, economic complexity index, public sector size, and the impacts of digitalization are assessed in relation to their reliance on natural resources for 16 nations that are vulnerable to the “curse of the natural resource” Furthermore, the moderating influence of digitalization on the link between the growth of the public sector and the resource curse is investigated. In this case, the years 1995–2021 are investigated using the CS–ARDL methodology, and the robustness of the results is evaluated using the Moments Quantile Regression method. The CS-ARDL approach's findings indicate that trade openness, public sector size, and economic progress all correlate with increased resource reliance. However, as the economy becomes more complex and digitalized, resource dependency declines. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the interaction term parameter between digitalization and the growth of the public sector is negative, indicating that digitalization within the public sector has the potential to counteract the growing reliance of the sector on resources.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023Is export quality a viable option for sustainable development paths of Asian countries?
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This paper investigates the role of export quality in climate action goal of the sustainable development goals in emerging Asian countries. For this purpose, the empirical model that observes the impact of real GDP, energy use and export quality index on carbon emissions is constructed and is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period from 1970 to 2014. We also include the square of real GDP as independent variable to observe the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the parabolic relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The findings show that increase in export quality leads to a fall in CO2 emissions for China and India. In contrast, the effect of increasing export quality increases CO2 emissions in Thailand and the Philippines. Lastly, our asymmetric causality results show that the positive shocks of export quality causes positive shocks of CO2 emissions in Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, we found that positive export quality shocks cause negative CO2 emissions shocks in India while negative export quality shocks cause positive CO2 emissions shocks in China. We also confirm the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China and Thailand.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Militarization of NATO countries sparks climate change? Investigating the moderating role of technological progress and financial development
Pata, Ugur Korkut; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
This study evaluates the effects of military expenditures (MEX) on environmental pollution, as well as the moderating role of factors such as financial development and technological progress for 15 NATO member countries under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Using the CS-ARDL estimator, the study analyzes the effects of MEX, income, energy consumption, financial development, and technical progress on carbon emissions spanning the period from 1991 to 2018. Additionally, interaction terms are employed to regularize the moderating effects of financial development and technical advancement. The results show that income, energy consumption, and MEX all contribute to a rise in emissions. It is also found that the financial sector does not eradicate the detrimental ramifications of MEX on the environment, but that technological progress has a moderating effect. A 1% increase in the interaction of technological progress with the military sector reduces environmental degradation by 0.36, but a 1% augment in the interaction of the financial sector with the military sector increases carbon emissions by 0.41%. For this reason, it is imperative to evaluate and revise the financing of MEX of NATO countries from an environmental perspective for sustainable development. Furthermore, as long-run income elasticity in NATO countries is lower than the short-run one, the EKC hypothesis is valid. Based on the overall findings, the study suggests that NATO allies should incorporate the benefits of income growth and technological development into their environmental policies to offset the negative effects of MEX.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2022Investigating the potential of renewable energy in establishing global peace: Fresh evidence from top energy consumer countries
Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Müge; Cengiz, Orhan; Destek, Gamze
Although the socio-economic determinants of terrorism are conducted by many researchers using different samples and time spans, the impact of renewable energy consumption on terrorism has been ignored for a long time. To bridge the gap, this paper aims to investigate the impact of renewable energy consumption on terrorism regarding economic growth, non-renewable energy consumption, and income inequality over the period straddling 1990 and 2019 for a panel of the USA, China, India, Iran, Germany, and Russia. We employ the CUP-FM and CUP-BC estimators to reveal the long-run relationship between variables. The empirical findings suggest that renewable energy consumption has a negative impact on terrorism. A 1% increase in renewable energy consumption decreases terrorism by 0.315% and 0.631%, according to the CUP-FM and CUP-BC estimators, respectively. Economic growth also has a negative impact on terrorism, whereas non-renewable energy consumption and income inequality positively affect terrorism. Our empirical findings highlighted that renewable energy consumption and economic growth are crucial for combating terrorism in these countries. Therefore, these countries need to improve comprehensive policies in terms of renewable energy consumption and simultaneously decrease non-renewable energy consumption and income inequality.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Book ChapterYalnız künye2021Investigating the impact natural resource abundance on capital flight: Evidence from African countries
Okumus, Ilyas; Manga, Muge; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This chapter aims to investigate the impact of natural resource abundance on capital flight in 10 African countries. For this purpose, the effects of natural resources rents, corruption index, total external debt stocks, and exchange rate on capital flight are examined for the period from 1990 to 2015 using second-generation panel data methodologies to take into account the possible cross-sectional dependence among selected African countries. The results show that natural resource abundance has a positive and statistically significant effect on capital flight. In addition, increasing corruption levels and external debt stock lead to an increase in capital escape from these countries. On the other hand, increasing the exchange rate does not have any significant effect on the capital flight in selected African countries.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2021Technological innovation, financialization, and ecological footprint: evidence from BEM economies
Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge
Despite the growing interest in researches on the impact of technological development on carbon emissions, the effect of technological innovation on the other indicators of environmental degradation is of little interest. In order to close this gap, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of technological innovation on both carbon emission and ecological footprint for big emerging markets (BEM) countries. In doing so, the environmental impacts of the financialization process are also explored, in line with the fact that these countries face constraints in financing technological developments. In this context, the effects of technological development, financialization, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation are examined through the second-generation panel data methods for the period 1995–2016. The findings indicate that technological innovation is effective in reducing carbon emissions, but does not have a significant impact on the ecological footprint, namely a 1% increase in technological innovations reduces carbon emission by 0.082–0.088%. Moreover, it is found that financialization harms environmental quality for both indicators of the environment because a 1% increase in financialization increases carbon emissions by 0.203–0.222% and increases ecological footprint by 0.069–0.071%.
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