Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- ArticleAçık Erişim2026Waste Management Strategies for Environmental Wellbeing: Exploring the Roles of Environmental Regulations and Green Finance in Reducing Carbon Intensity
Caglar, Abdullah Emre; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Demirdag, Ismail; Manga, Muge; Aydın, Sercan
Rising industrial activity, urban expansion, and economic growth continue to intensify waste generation and greenhouse gas emissions, placing growing pressure on environmental sustainability. In this setting, reducing the carbon intensity of electricity generation has become a key policy priority, particularly in advanced economies pursuing long-term decarbonization. Grounded in Ecological Modernization Theory and the Porter Hypothesis, this study examines the effects of waste management, environmental regulations, green finance, and economic growth on the carbon intensity of electricity generation in the G-6 economies, namely France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This article contributes to the literature in two ways. First, the paper ensures a focused assessment of the direct roles of waste management, environmental regulations, and green finance in shaping carbon intensity in advanced economies. Second, it investigates whether the effectiveness of green finance depends on the stringency of environmental regulation. Utilizing panel data of the 2000–2020 period, drawn from Our World in Data, the World Development Indicators, the OECD, and the IEA, the analysis employs the CS-ARDL and AMG estimators to address issues of cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity. The findings show that waste management, environmental regulations, and economic growth reduce carbon intensity in the long run, whereas green finance on its own does not have a statistically significant effect. However, green finance becomes effective when combined with stricter environmental regulations. These findings underscore the importance of coordinated policy design and offer practical insights to advance progress toward SDGs 11, 12, and 13.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Understanding Energy Poverty Through the Perspective of Trade Openness and Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Case for Selected Latin American Countries
Cengíz, Orhan; Manga, Muge
Energy poverty (EP) is still one of the critical problems for many countries. For this purpose, we try to assess whether trade openness (TO) and foreign direct investment (FDI) are associated with EP for the panel sample of Belize, Bolivia, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, and Peru, spanning the period 1992-2020. The panel vector autoregression (PVAR) estimation results indicate that economic growth, TO, and FDI inflow reduce EP by increasing access to electricity in these countries. Further, PVAR Granger causality findings show feedback causality linkage between EP and TO, EP and FDI inflow, economic growth and TO, and economic growth and FDI inflow. Moreover, the outcomes indicate that a bidirectional causality exists from economic growth to EP and from TO to FDI inflow.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Book ChapterYalnız künye2025Analyzing the dynamic relationship between financial development, financial inclusion, and institutional quality in developing countries
Cengiz, Orhan; Manga, Muge
This paper examines the effect of financial inclusion and institutional quality on financial development in MINT countries from 2004 to 2020. We composed the financial inclusion index using different sub-indicators through principal component analysis. We also included political stability in the model to measure institutional quality. The AMG results suggest that financial inclusion positively impacts financial development in all MINT countries, while political stability is not statistically significant. Additionally, the D-H causality results show a bidirectional causality linkage between financial development and financial inclusion, financial development and economic growth, and unidirectional relationships from financial development to political stability and total population. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of financial inclusion in promoting financial development in MINT countries.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2025Assessing the influence of green innovation and environmental policy stringency on CO2 emissions in BRICS
Çetinkaya, Ozlem Akguc; Çatik, Abdurrahman Nazif; Balli, Esra; Manga, Muge; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This article examines the effect of environmental policy stringency and green innovation on CO2 emissions in the BRICS nations, using annual data from 1990 to 2019 utilizing panel FMOLS and DOLS estimators and Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR). To this end, we estimate an equation in which CO2 emissions are explained by GDP, trade openness, nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption, the environmental stringency index, and green innovation, as measured by the number of patent applications for environmentally related inventions. FMOLS and DOLS results reveal that GDP, nonrenewable energy consumption, and trade openness have a positive effect on environmental pollution, whereas improvements in renewable energy consumption and environmental regulations lead to a drop in CO2 emissions. However, green innovation does not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions. MMQR estimates demonstrate that the GDP has a positive effect on CO2 emissions across all quantiles, suggesting that a higher degree of economic growth is associated with higher emissions. Based on findings, empirical evidence suggests that BRICS countries should follow the policies encouraging the reduction of nonrenewable energy consumption in the region without harming the development of the economy. Besides, policymakers should promote renewable energy consumption and enhance investment in green innovation to achieve sustainable development and environmental quality.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024How do energy consumption, globalization, and income inequality affect environmental quality across growth regimes?
Çatık, Abdurrahman Nazif; Bucak, Çağla; Ballı, Esra; Manga, Muge; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This paper investigates the impacts of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, income inequality, and globalization on the ecological footprints of 49 countries for the period of 1995–2018. Panel cointegration test reveals a long-run relationship between the variables. Long-run parameter estimates derived from AMG and CCEMG, increasing income and nonrenewable energy consumption, have a significant positive impact on the ecological footprint, while countries that consume more renewable energy have seen an improvement in the quality of the environment. Conversely, neither income inequality nor globalization has a significant effect on national EFs. Evidence from the estimation of the panel threshold error correction model, where GDP growth is used as the transition variable, indicates a significant threshold effect, which supports a nonlinear relationship among the variables by identifying two distinct growth regimes: lower and upper. For the estimation sample, the positive and significant parameter estimates for economic growth in both growth regimes do not support the EKC hypothesis. The results indicate that renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption has a larger impact on the EF in the upper than lower growth regime. The threshold estimates are in line with the linear long-run estimates that do not indicate that income inequality has a significant impact on ecological footprint. However, globalization appears to negatively affect environmental quality in the lower growth regime.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Analyzing the load capacity curve hypothesis for the Turkiye: A perspective for the sustainable environment
Caglar, Abdullah Emre; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge
Although it takes time to achieve a sustainable environment, this goal can be possible with the Sustainable Development Goals. The transition from gray energy sources to green in the 21st century is among the important policy goals of global economies. Since this process is long, countries focus on energy efficiency as part of their carbon reduction policies. In this context, this study investigates the impact of clean energy technologies on environmental quality in Turkiye. Using the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis, human capital, income, and natural resources are theoretically added to the balance model. The novel Augmented ARDL with Fourier terms approach is used in the empirical analysis. As a result of the analysis, the LCC hypothesis is valid, and income will support environmental quality after a certain level. While human capital increases environmental quality, natural resources bring environmental pollution. Finally, it is determined that clean energy technologies have not yet reached the level that enables carbon reduction. The finding that clean energy technologies are insufficient for Turkiye, as a result of empirical analysis, shows the uniqueness of this study. With our new findings, policymakers can take action for a sustainable environment. Since Turkiye has to ensure energy security due to its regional characteristics, it should increase investments in clean energy technologies. Based on empirical findings, clean energy technologies will gain momentum as policymakers support human capital.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2023Is export quality a viable option for sustainable development paths of Asian countries?
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This paper investigates the role of export quality in climate action goal of the sustainable development goals in emerging Asian countries. For this purpose, the empirical model that observes the impact of real GDP, energy use and export quality index on carbon emissions is constructed and is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period from 1970 to 2014. We also include the square of real GDP as independent variable to observe the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the parabolic relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The findings show that increase in export quality leads to a fall in CO2 emissions for China and India. In contrast, the effect of increasing export quality increases CO2 emissions in Thailand and the Philippines. Lastly, our asymmetric causality results show that the positive shocks of export quality causes positive shocks of CO2 emissions in Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, we found that positive export quality shocks cause negative CO2 emissions shocks in India while negative export quality shocks cause positive CO2 emissions shocks in China. We also confirm the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China and Thailand.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2023Militarization of NATO countries sparks climate change? Investigating the moderating role of technological progress and financial development
Pata, Ugur Korkut; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
This study evaluates the effects of military expenditures (MEX) on environmental pollution, as well as the moderating role of factors such as financial development and technological progress for 15 NATO member countries under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Using the CS-ARDL estimator, the study analyzes the effects of MEX, income, energy consumption, financial development, and technical progress on carbon emissions spanning the period from 1991 to 2018. Additionally, interaction terms are employed to regularize the moderating effects of financial development and technical advancement. The results show that income, energy consumption, and MEX all contribute to a rise in emissions. It is also found that the financial sector does not eradicate the detrimental ramifications of MEX on the environment, but that technological progress has a moderating effect. A 1% increase in the interaction of technological progress with the military sector reduces environmental degradation by 0.36, but a 1% augment in the interaction of the financial sector with the military sector increases carbon emissions by 0.41%. For this reason, it is imperative to evaluate and revise the financing of MEX of NATO countries from an environmental perspective for sustainable development. Furthermore, as long-run income elasticity in NATO countries is lower than the short-run one, the EKC hypothesis is valid. Based on the overall findings, the study suggests that NATO allies should incorporate the benefits of income growth and technological development into their environmental policies to offset the negative effects of MEX.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2022Küresel Gıda Güvenliği Endeksi Kapsamında COVID-19 Pandemisinin Türkiye’nin Gıda Güvenliğine Yönelik Etkisi
Manga, Muge; Karakoç, Duygu Yıldız
Herkesin yeterli ve sağlıklı gıdaya kesintisiz biçimde fiziksel ve ekonomik erişimi olarak tanımlanan gıda güvenliği, Covid-19 pandemisiyle birlikte endişe verici hale gelmiştir. Enflasyon, işsizlik, gelir, uluslararası ticaret, tarımsal politikalar, kentleşme gibi birçok makroekonomik değişken ya da kuraklık ve aşırı hava olayları gibi iklim faktörleri gıda güvenliğine yönelik tehditler oluştururken Covid-19 pandemisinin gıdanın üretimi, dağıtımı ve tüketimi gibi aşamalarına verdiği zarar bu tehditleri belirginleştirmektedir. Bu doğrultuda mevcut çalışmada Covid-19 pandemi sürecinin Türkiye’deki gıda güvenliğine yönelik ortaya çıkardığı etkilerin saptanması hedeflenmektedir. Bu amaç kapsamında “Küresel Gıda Güvenliği Endeksi” temel alınarak Türkiye’deki parametreler üzerinden Covid-19 pandemisinin gıda güvenliğine yönelik etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Covid-19 Pandemi sürecinin etkisinin daha açık bir biçimde ortaya konulması amacıyla araştırılması planlanan dönem Covid-19 pandemi öncesi (2018-2019 yılları arası) ve pandemi süreci (2020-2021 yılları arası) dönem olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Covid-19 pandemisinin Türkiye’de gıda güvenliğine yönelik verdiği olumsuz etkiler saptanmış aynı zamanda Türkiye’nin gıda güvenliği alanında güçlü ve zayıf olduğu yönler ortaya konmuştur.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2022Türki Cumhuriyetlerde Küreselleşmenin Sağlık Harcamaları Üzerindeki Rolü
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
Son kırk yıldır dünyaya egemen olan küreselleşmenin devletin ekonomik rolleri üzerinde yarattığı etkiler dikkate alındığında bu alanda çok farklı fikir akımlarının ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Özellikle refah devleti anlayışına neoliberal modeller eleştirel yaklaşırken, diğer uçtaki görüşler küreselleşmeyle birlikte bireylerin maruz kaldığı dışsal risklerin artması nedeniyle devletin sosyal refah harcamalarının da artacağını öngörmektedir. Bu doğrultuda sosyal refah devletinin küreselleşme ile ilişkilendirildiği tematik alanlardan birisi sağlık harcamaları olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla ülkelerin birbiriyle entegrasyon sürecindeki artıştan sağlık harcamalarının nasıl etkilendiği konusu ayrı bir önem kazanmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle çalışmada, 2000-2016 dönemi verileri kullanılarak Türkiye, Azerbaycan, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Tacikistan, Türkmenistan ve Özbekistan’dan oluşan Türki Cumhuriyetlerde ekonomik, sosyal ve politik küreselleşmenin sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Panel ARDL yöntemiyle yapılan analiz sonucunda, ekonomik ve sosyal küreselleşmenin sağlık harcamalarını artırdığı, politik küreselleşmenin ise azalttığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2022IS THERE ANY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GEOPOLITICAL RISK AND CLIMATE CHANGE?
Cengiz, Orhan; Manga, Muge
Purpose: The aim of this study is to point out the impact of geopolitical risk on climate change. The CO2 emissions per capita is used as a proxy for climate change. Methodology: In this study, the data sample covers annual data from 1990 to 2015 for 12 selected Latin American and Asian countries. After standard preliminary tests (Cross-sectional dependence tests, CIPS unit root test, and slope homogeneity test), we employ the second-generation estimator - the AMG (Augmented Mean Group) method to explore the long-run relationship between geopolitical risk and CO2 emissions per capita. Results: The AMG findings document that a 1% rise in geopolitical risk escalates CO2 emissions per capita by 0.001%. In addition, economic growth and fossil energy consumption foster CO2 emissions per capita, whereas renewable energy contributes to decreasing CO2 emissions per capita. Conclusion: In recent years, scholars have attempted to explore the impact of geopolitical risk on environmental degradation. According to our results, in Latin American and Asian countries, decreasing geopolitical risk and conflict can impede environmental degradation. In the long run, a robust clean energy policy should be considered in case of geopolitical conflict by the government. Besides, the government should focus on renewable energy policy and substitute non-renewable energy resources with more technology-intensive resources.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2022Assessment of Tendency to Become a Smart City Among Turkish Cities in the Context of Underdevelopment: An Empirical Analysis
Tuysuz, Suat; Yazar, Ahmet; Manga, Muge
More than half of the world's population lives in cities, which creates serious pressure on cities. Eliminating this pressure is important for the sustainability of cities, as well as for improving the quality of urban life. In this context, the smart city model has recently been utilised to address urban sustainability challenges and enhance the quality of urban life. The model has a framework aimed at overcoming the mentioned issues through the use of technology. This model has begun to be included in upper-scale policy documents all around the world, along with Turkey. However, the human and physical entities that make up the components of the smart city differ spatially within the country, which points to the problem that the smart city model cannot be equally effective everywhere. Therefore, this study aims to demonstrate the trend of NUTS 3 regions in Turkey to become smart cities based on variables considered the most important components of a smart city, such as technological infrastructure, human capital, and governance structure. In order to achieve this goal, cluster analysis was applied to these variables. The analysis has revealed that there are five different clusters in Turkey that differ from each other in terms of the tendency to become smart cities. The findings indicate that smart city applications cannot be used equally effectively and efficiently in each region in parallel with the differentiation of the level of development.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2021Küreselleşme ve Kamu Sektörü İstihdamı: Orta Gelirli Ülkeler Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
Küreselleşmenin kamu sektörü büyüklüğü üzerindeki etkisi verimlilik hipotezi ve telafi hipotezi çerçevesinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, küreselleşmenin kamu sektörü istihdamı kanalıyla kamu sektörü büyüklüğüne etkisi incelenmiştir. 2000-2014 periyodu verileriyle orta gelirli 14 ülke için yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre küreselleşme, kamu sektörü istihdamıyla negatif ilişkilidir. Diğer ifadeyle dışa açıklık arttıkça kamu sektörünün küçüleceğini öngören verimlilik hipotezini destekleyen bulgular elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan nedensellik testi bulguları, Bolivya, Brezilya, Honduras, Pakistan ve Peru’da küreselleşmeden kamu sektörü istihdamına doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2021Economic and Institutional Determinants of Political Stability in Parliamentary and Presidential Systems
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
This study aims to examine the effects of economic performance and institutional factors on political stability in countries governed by presidential and parliamentary systems, which are types of political systems. Considering Persson & Tabellini’s (2003) political system classification, it has analyzed the relationship between political stability and economic performance, institutional factors, using the ARDL method over the period 2002-2017 for selected countries. According to the results, there is a positive relationship between economic growth, the rule of law, and political stability in presidential systems in the short run. There is a positive relationship between inflation and political stability and a negative relationship between freedom of expression and political stability in parliamentary systems. In the long run, in presidential systems, economic growth, inflation, the quality of regulatory reforms, freedom of expression are positively correlated with political stability; the rule of law and public expenditures are negatively correlated with political stability. In parliamentary systems, while economic growth, the rule of law, quality of regulatory reforms, freedom of expression are positively correlated with political stability, there is a negative correlation between inflation, corruption, public expenditures, and political stability.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2021THE CAUSAL LINKAGES between RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION,\rECONOMIC GROWTH, OIL PRICES and CO2 EMISSIONS in SELECTED OECD\rCOUNTRIES
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
Purpose: It is aimed to examine the relationship between Renewable Energy Consumption (REN),\rEconomic Growth (GDP), Oil Prices (OP), and CO2 emissions (CO2) in selected OECD countries by using\rthe data for the period 1980-2014.\rMethodology: In the study, Kónya Panel Bootstrap causality method is utilized to determine the relationship\rbetween variables.\rFindings: Firstly, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between REN and CO2 for Canada and\rItaly; there is a one-way linkage from REN to CO2 in Greece and Ireland, while there is unidirectional causality\rfrom CO2 to REN in Austria, Switzerland, and United States. Secondly, there exists a bidirectional causality\rrelationship between the REN and GDP in Italy. In contrast, there is a one-way causality linkage from GDP\rto REN in Switzerland and Belgium and from REN to GDP in the Netherlands. Thirdly, it is found that there\ris a bidirectional causality relationship between REN and OP in the United States; there is a one-way\rcausality linkage from OP to REN in Austria, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland, from REN to\rOP in Japan.\rOriginality: The study has originality in that it examines the relationship among the variables for the\rselected OECD countries and through Kónya causality method.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2021Ekonomik Karmaşıklık Gelir Eşitsizliğini Azaltır Mı? Türkiye Ekonomisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
Ülkelerin küresel rekabet gücünü artırabilmeleri için bilgi ve teknoloji-yoğunluklu ürünlerin üretilmesi hayati bir öneme sahiptir. Birincil ürünler yerine daha karmaşık üretim süreci gerektiren mal ve hizmetlerin üretilmesi, yarattığı katma değere bağlı olarak ülke ekonomisinde önemli avantajlar sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanında teknoloji-yoğun üretim, nitelikli işgücü gerektirdiği için ekonomik yapıyla beraber kurumsal yapıyı da etkilemektedir. Bu yapı içerisinde insani gelişim açısından adil gelir dağılımı en temel koşulların başında gelmektedir. Üretimdeki bilgi ve teknoloji yoğunluğunu ölçen ekonomik karmaşıklık, ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilemekle birlikte gelir eşitsizliği üzerinde de bazı sonuçlara yol açmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye ekonomisi için 1987-2017 dönemine ait veri seti ile gelir eşitsizliği, ekonomik karmaşıklık ve dışa açıklık göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkinin FMOLS, DOLS ve CCR tahmincileri ile test edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Kurulan ilk modelde ekonomik karmaşıklık, ekonomik büyüme ve beşeri sermayenin gelir eşitsizliğini azalttığı, nüfusun ise artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İkinci modelin sonuçlarına göre doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar gelir eşitsizliğini artırmakta, ticari açıklık ise azaltmaktadır.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2021The Validity of the Enviromental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Transportation Sector: the Case of Selected OECD Countries
Manga, Muge
Economic activities in the transport sector are one of the main reasons for the increase in carbon emissions. In recent years, it can be clearly stated that there has been a noticeable increase in service demand in the transportation sector depending on globalization and integration activities that have reached significant levels among the countries. In this respect, this paper investigates the relationship between the total output level of the transportation sector and the carbon emission sourced from the same sector for selected OECD countries spanning the period 1995-2016 within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator findings for the panel group show that there exists an inverted-U shaped relationship between the total output level in the transport sector and environmental pollution in selected OECD countries. The Country-specific results vary by country to another. Besides, the analysis reveals that the negative impact of total output on environmental pollution in these countries would be approximatively 36.033 billion dollars. It is seen that USA, Japan, France and Germany have reached this threshold income level. According to the results of Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) causality test, it is estimated that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between the carbon emission in the transportation sector and the total amount of output.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Book ChapterYalnız künye2021Investigating the impact natural resource abundance on capital flight: Evidence from African countries
Okumus, Ilyas; Manga, Muge; Destek, Mehmet Akif
This chapter aims to investigate the impact of natural resource abundance on capital flight in 10 African countries. For this purpose, the effects of natural resources rents, corruption index, total external debt stocks, and exchange rate on capital flight are examined for the period from 1990 to 2015 using second-generation panel data methodologies to take into account the possible cross-sectional dependence among selected African countries. The results show that natural resource abundance has a positive and statistically significant effect on capital flight. In addition, increasing corruption levels and external debt stock lead to an increase in capital escape from these countries. On the other hand, increasing the exchange rate does not have any significant effect on the capital flight in selected African countries.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2021Technological innovation, financialization, and ecological footprint: evidence from BEM economies
Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge
Despite the growing interest in researches on the impact of technological development on carbon emissions, the effect of technological innovation on the other indicators of environmental degradation is of little interest. In order to close this gap, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of technological innovation on both carbon emission and ecological footprint for big emerging markets (BEM) countries. In doing so, the environmental impacts of the financialization process are also explored, in line with the fact that these countries face constraints in financing technological developments. In this context, the effects of technological development, financialization, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation are examined through the second-generation panel data methods for the period 1995–2016. The findings indicate that technological innovation is effective in reducing carbon emissions, but does not have a significant impact on the ecological footprint, namely a 1% increase in technological innovations reduces carbon emission by 0.082–0.088%. Moreover, it is found that financialization harms environmental quality for both indicators of the environment because a 1% increase in financialization increases carbon emissions by 0.203–0.222% and increases ecological footprint by 0.069–0.071%.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2020Ekonomik Büyüme, Karbon Emisyonu ve İnsani Gelişmişlik Arasındaki İlişki: Seçilmiş Akdeniz Ülkeleri 1
Manga, Muge; Gümüş Akar, Pınar
Bu çalışmada, Avrupa Birliğinde yer alan Akdeniz Ülkeleri Hırvatistan,Kıbrıs, Fransa, Yunanistan, İtalya, Malta, Slovenya, İspanya ve Birlik içerisindeyer almayan Türkiye’deki ekonomik büyüme, karbon emisyonu ve insanigelişmişlik düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin test edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Kurulanmodelde yer alan değişkenler arasındaki ilişki, 1998-2014 yılları esas alınarakPanel ARDL yöntemi ile analiz edilmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, seçilenülkelerde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.Ayrıca yapılan analiz sonucunda, bu ülkelerdeki insani gelişmişlik indeksi ilekarbon emisyonu göstergesi arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişkinin söz konusuolduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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