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ArticleAçık Erişim2009/r/ebyu/17785
The antioxidant activity of cocoa
Hasan, Kiliçgün; Dehen, Altiner
In this study we aimed to determine the antioxidant effects of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), which is commonly used in both chocolate and cocoa drinks all over the world, on lipid peroxidation, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), glutathione (GSH) and protein oxidation levels in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) treated for male Wistar rats. Two control groups and one treatment group of rats were formed. The control groups were nourished with a standard diet, while the Cocoa group was nourished with standard diet which was enriched with % 6 by weight dried Cocoa powder. After three months, a single dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) was performed in Control II (CCl 4) and Cocoa groups (1ml/kg, as 20% in olive oil) intraperitoneally and single dose of olive oil was administered (1ml/kg,i.p.) in the same way as rats in Control I group. They were sacrificed two hours later. Lipid peroxide levels in liver, protein oxidation in liver, glutathione levels in liver, ALT and AST in plasma were measured. Cocoa decreased liver lipid peroxide, liver glutathione levels and plasma ALT and AST activities previously increased by CCl 4 treatment, to the Control I levels The protein oxidation levels in the rats in the Cocoa group compared with the rats in CCl 4 treated control group were found to have significantly lessened. These findings suggest that cocoa has strong antioxidant activity because of the fact that cocoa inhibits liver injury.
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ArticleYalnız künye2009/r/ebyu/17748
Effects of some vitamins on lactoperoxidase enzyme activity
Sisecioglu, Melda; Cankaya, Murat; Ozdemir, Hasan
Objective: The present paper investigates the in vitro effect of L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), menadione sodium bisulfate (vitamin K3), and folic acid on purified lactoperoxidase (LPO). Methods: This enzyme was purified from bovine milk by AmberliteCG50 resin,CMSephadex C-50 ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Results: Rz (A412/A280) value for the purified LPO was found to be 0.8. Lactoperoxidase was purified 20.45-fold with a yield of 28.8%. Purity of enzyme was checked by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) method and a single band was observed. All tested vitamins caused inhibition of the enzyme activity and displayed a competitive type of inhibition mechanism. IC50 values of these three vitamins were 2.03 μM, 0.025 mM, and 0.0925 mM, and the K i constants were 0.508±0.257 μM, 0.0107±0.0044 mM, and 0.0218±0.0019 mM respectively. Conclusion: The vitamins discussed here displayed inhibition-type competition with LPO enzyme at varying concentrations. Our study showed that L-ascorbic acid exhibited a much higher inhibitory effect at lower concentrations, so it was evidently a more potent inhibitor than other vitamins tested.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2009/r/ebyu/17729
Reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptation of medication adherence self-efficacy scale in hypertensive patients
Gozum, Sebahat; Hacihasanoglu, Rabia
Abstract: Background: Despite a lot of study related to medication adherence in hypertension, a major problem in research is the measurement of adherence. Aim: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale (MASES) among hypertensive patients in an outpatient setting in Turkey. Methods: One hundred-forty adult patients, who are receiving medication for hypertension in the last one year, were included to study sample. MASES was translated using a back-translation technique, which includes the use of a panel of experts and interpreters to translate the items from the source language to the target language and then back-translate them to the source language. Psychometric evaluations of MASES-Turkish form were used construct validity; item analysis, principal component analysis and known group validity and internal consistency reliability (Chronbach's alpha) Results: Reliability coefficient of the Turkish adaptation of MASES was found 0.92, and item-total correlations ranged between 0.26 and 0.72. It was found that factor structure of the MASES-Turkish consisted with original instrument. Patients with uncontrolled hypertension had lower self-efficacy scores compared to those with normal blood pressure.
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ArticleYalnız künye2009/r/ebyu/17710
An investigation on the anticandidal activity of some traditional medicinal plants in Turkey
Yiǧit, Demet; Yiǧit, Nimet; Özgen, Ufuk
Methanol and chloroform extracts obtained from eight plant species belonging to six families, which were selected depending on their use in Turkish folk medicine, including Mentha longifolia L. (Labiatae), Mentha piperita L. Hudson (Labiatae), Prongos ferulaceae (Umbelliferae), Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae), Salvia limbata C. A Meyer (Labiatae), Artemisia austriaca Jacq. (Artemiceae), Plantago lanceolata L. (Plantaginaceae) and Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) were evaluated for their in vitro anticandidal activity. The anticandidal activity of extracts against 99 human pathogenic clinical isolates belonging to 35 Candida albicans, 33 Candida tropicalis and 31 Candida glabrata and standard strains of Candida spp. (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 80030 and C. tropicalis ATCC 22019) were tested by disc diffusion method and the active extracts were assayed for the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Chloroform extracts of plants have no inhibitory effect against both clinical and standard strains of Candida spp., whereas methanol extracts exhibited good activity. Among the plants tested, M. piperita showed the highest anticandidal activity with 12.3 mm inhibition zone and 1.25 mg ml-1 MIC value against C. albicans, M. longifolia, P. lanceolata and A. austriaca also displayed activity against C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2009/r/ebyu/17668
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of bitter and sweet apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels
Yiǧit, D.; Yiǧit, N.; Mavi, A.
The present study describes the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of methanol and water extracts of sweet and bitter apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels. The antioxidant properties of apricot kernels were evaluated by determining radical scavenging power, lipid peroxidation inhibition activity and total phenol content measured with a DPPH test, the thiocyanate method and the Folin method, respectively. In contrast to extracts of the bitter kernels, both the water and methanol extracts of sweet kernels have antioxidant potential. The highest percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation (69%) and total phenolic content (7.9 ± 0.2 μg/mL) were detected in the methanol extract of sweet kernels (Hasanbey) and in the water extract of the same cultivar, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the above extracts were also tested against human pathogenic microorganisms using a disc-diffusion method, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of each active extract were determined. The most effective antibacterial activity was observed in the methanol and water extracts of bitter kernels and in the methanol extract of sweet kernels against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the methanol extracts of the bitter kernels were very potent against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (0.312 mg/mL MIC value). Significant anti-candida activity was also observed with the methanol extract of bitter apricot kernels against Candida albicans, consisting of a 14 mm in diameter of inhibition zone and a 0.625 mg/mL MIC value.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2008/r/ebyu/17632
The effect of ethanol on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes activity: An in vitro and in vivo study
Çoban, T. Abdulkadir; Beydemir, Sükrü; Gülc̈in, Ilhami; Ekinci, Deniz
The ethanol is a widely consumed as sedative-hypnotic drug throughout the world. In this study, the effects of ethanol were investigated on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activities both in vitro in human erythrocyte and in vivo in Sprague-Dawley rat erythrocyte. For in vitro study, the human carbonic anhydrase-I (HCA-I) and -II (HCA-II) are purified by Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-sulphanilamide affinity chromatography. In vivo CA enzyme activity was determined colorimetrically by using CO2-hydration method of Wilbur and Anderson. Rat blood samples were taken from each rat before and after the ethanol administration at different times (1 h, 3 h, and 5 h). Rat erythrocyte CA activity was significantly inhibited by pharmacological dosage of the ethanol (2mL.kg-1) for up to 3 h (p< 0.001) following intraperitoneally administration. The ethanol showed in vitro inhibitory effects on HCA-I and HCA-II hydratase activity, determined by colorimetrically using the CO2-hydratase method. The inhibitor concentrations causing up to 50% inhibition (IC50) were 2.09 M for HCA-I (r2:0.9273) and 1.83 M for HCA-II (r2:9749). In conclusion, it was demonstrated that carbonic anhydrase enzyme in erythrocytes was significantly inhibited by the ethanol both in in vitro and in vivo.
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ArticleYalnız künye2007/r/ebyu/17814
Effects of some drugs on hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Lake Van Fish (Chalcalburnus Tarischii Pallas, 1811)
Ciftci, Mehmet; Turkoglu, Vedat; Coban, T. Abdulkadir
Inhibitory effects of some drugs on hepatic glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Lake Van fish (chalcalburnus tarischii pallas, 1811) were investigated. For this purpose, initially liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified 899-fold in a yield of 46.24% by using 2′,5′-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel. In order to control the purification of enzyme was done SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band for enzyme. A constant temperature (+4 °C) was maintained during the purification process. Enzyme activity was determined with the Beutler method by using a spectrophotometer at 340 nm. Vankomycine, sulfanylamide, sulfanylacetamide, nidazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and KMnO4 were used as drugs. These drugs exhibited inhibitory effects on the enzyme. IC50 values of vankomycine, sulfanylamide, sulfanylacetamide, nidazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and KMnO4 were 1.88, 0.037, 0.032, 1.178, 2.26, 643.5 and 0.0002 mM, and the Ki constants 1.18 ± 0.148, 0.119 ± 0.021, 0.075 ± 0.015, 1.15 ± 0.21, 7.69 ± 0.67, 1007 ± 69, and 0.001 ± 0.00022 mM, respectively. While vankomycine and nidazole showed competitive inhibition, others displayed noncompetitive inhibition. Ki constants and IC50 values for drugs were determined by Lineweaver-Burk graphs and plotting activity percentage versus [I], respectively.
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ArticleYalnız künye2007/r/ebyu/17778
Effects of some metal ions on human erythrocyte glutathione reductase: An in vitro study
Coban, T. Abdulkadir; Senturk, Murat; Ciftci, Mehmet; Kufrevioglu, O. Irfan
In this study, we investigated inhibitory effects of some metal ions on human erythrocyte glutathione reductase. For this purpose, initially human erythrocyte glutathione reductase was purified 1051-fold in a yield of 41% by using 2′, 5′-ADP Sepharose 4B affinity gel and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was done in order to control the purification of enzyme. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band for enzyme. A constant temperature (4°C) was maintained during the purification process. Enzyme activity was determined with the Beutler method by using a spectrophotometer at 340 nm. Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe 3+ and Al3+ exhibited inhibitory effects on the enzyme in vitro. Ki constants and IC50 values for metal ions were determined by Lineweaver-Burk graphs and plotting activity % vs. [I]. IC 50 values of Pb2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ , Fe3+ and Al3+ were 0.011, 0.020, 0.0252, 0.0373, 0.209 and 0.229 mM, and the Ki constants 0.0254±0.0027, 0.0378±0.0043, 0.0409±0.0048, 0.0558±0.0083, 0.403±0.043 and 1.137±0.2 mM, respectively. While Pb2+, Hg2+, Cd2+ and Fe3+ showed competitive inhibition, others displayed noncompetitive inhibition.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2007/r/ebyu/17687
Morphine inhibits erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase in vitro and in vivo
Çoban, Taha Abdulkadir; Beydemir, Şükrü; Gülçin, Ilhami; Ekinci, Deniz
Morphine is implicated in diverse functions, from development to immune modulation in the central and peripheral nervous systems. At the present time, morphine is one of the most effective antinociceptive agents used to manage pain. It has been used extensively in the clinical management of pain due to its potent analgesic effect. In this study, the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of morphine on erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) were investigated. Human erythrocyte isoenzymes, HCA-I and HCA-II, were purified by Sepharose-4B affinity chromatography column with a yield of 66.95 and 62.82%, a specific activity of 3892.3 and 11663.2 EU/mg proteins with 745.1 and 2232.6-fold purification of each isoenzyme, respectively. To determine enzyme purity, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed. In vitro inhibition of erythrocyte HCA-I and HCA-II by morphine using the CO2-hydratase enzyme gave IC50 values 4.50×10 -5M (r2: 0.954) and 9.23×10-5M (r 2: 0.996), respectively. CA activity was significantly attenuated in vivo in Spraque-Dawley rats for up to 3 h (p<0.001) following intraperitoneal administration of morphine. In conclusion, morphine inhibited CA activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2006/r/ebyu/17838
Factors influencing social distance from people with schizophrenia
Bag, Beyhan; Yilmaz, S.; Kirpinar, I.
The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between public causal beliefs and social distance from people with schizophrenia. Regression analysis of the results of a vignette-based opinion survey was conducted on a representative population sample in Erzincan (n = 856). The findings of this study suggest that there is a positive relationship between biological causal beliefs (i.e. 'brain and disease' and 'heredity') and social distance from people with schizophrenia. It would be premature to draw conclusions with regard to interventions aimed at reducing discrimination based on stigma. However, our study provides stimulus for reconsidering the assumptions underlying biological concepts among the public, which might not contribute to a desired reduction in social distance from people with schizophrenia.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2006/r/ebyu/17665
In vitro effects of some drugs on catalase purified from human skin
Altikat, Sayit; Coban, Abdulkadir; Ciftci, Mehmet; Ozdemir, Hasan
Catalase enzyme (H2O2: oxidoreductase; E.C. 1.11.1.6) was purified from human skin homogenate using ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sephadex A50 ion exchange chromatography at 4°C and some characteristics of the enzyme were investigated. The human skin enzyme, having a specific activity of 1354.5 EU/mg proteins was purified with a yield of 43.13% and 1110-fold. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed a single band for the enzyme. Inhibition by piroxicam, ketoprofen, diclofenac sodium, sulfamethoxazole and nidazole occurred with I 50 values of 0.414, 1.29, 1.8, 3.83, and 8.64 mM, respectively.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2005/r/ebyu/17843
Examination of anxiety, hostility and psychiatric disorders in patients with migraine and tension-type headache
Bag, Beyhan; Hacihasanoglu, R.; Tufekci, F.G.
The role of psychological factors related to headache has long been a focus of investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety, depression, hostility and psychological symptoms in patients with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) and to compare the results with healthy controls. Seventy-five subjects with migraine and 55 subjects with TTH (according to the criteria of the International Headache Society classification) and a control group including 73 healthy subjects were studied. The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory, State-trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait form were administered to the subjects. Compared with healthy controls, the patients with headache had significantly higher scores on measures of anxiety, depression and hostility and lower scores on psychological symptoms. The present results indicate the need to distinguish the unique dimensions of anxiety, depression and hostility that should be assessed in the population with headaches.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2005/r/ebyu/17822
Effects of nicotine and vitamin E on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in some rat tissues in vivo and in vitro
Gumustekin, Kenan; Ciftci, Mehmet; Coban, Abdulkadir; Altikat, Sayit; Aktas, Omer; Gul, Mustafa; Timur, Handan; Dane, Senol
Effects of nicotine, and nicotine + vitamin E on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD) activity in rat muscle, heart, lungs, testicle, kidney, stomach, brain and liver were investigated in vivo and in vitro on partially purified homogenates. Supplementation period was 3 weeks (n = 8 rats per group): nicotine [0.5 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal (ip)]; nicotine + vitamin E [75 mg/kg/day, intragastric (ig)]; and control group (receiving only vehicle). The results showed that nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, ip) inhibited G-6PD activity in the lungs, testicle, kidney, stomach and brain by 12.5% (p < 0.001), 48% (p < 0.001), 20.8% (p < 0.001), 13% (p < 0.001) and 23.35% (p < 0.001) respectively, and nicotine had no effects on the muscle, heart and liver G6PD activity. Also, nicotine + vitamin E inhibited G-6PD activity in the testicle, brain, and liver by 32.5% (p < 0.001), 21.5% (p < 0.001), and 16.5% (p < 0.001) respectively, and nicotine + vitamin E activated the muscle, and stomach G-6PD activity by 36% (p < 0.05), and 20% (p < 0.001) respectively. In addition, nicotine + vitamin E did not have any effects on the heart, lungs, and kidney G-6PD activity. In addition, in vitro studies were also carried out to elucidate the effects of nicotine and vitamin E on G-6PD activity, which correlated well with in vivo experimental results in lungs, testicles, kidney, stomach, brain and liver tissues. These results show that vitamin E administration generally restores the inactivation of G-6PD activity due to nicotine administration in various rat tissues in vivo, and also in vitro.
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ArticleYalnız künye2004/r/ebyu/17619
Determination of P, S, Cl, K, and Ca in Human Urinary Stones by EDXRF
Gürol, A.; Ergen, E.; Karabulut, A.; Polat, R.; Altinkaynak, K.; Budak, G.
Human urinary stones, taken from recurrent urinary stone ailing patients, were investigated with an energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer. The concentrations of major elements in these stones, e.g., P, S, Cl, K, and Ca, were determined by using comparison-standard methods. This work is a contribution for doctors, to help minimize laboratory investigations and expenses, as well as the discomfort of patients, by speeding up the research of medical etiologic problems of patients with urinary stone disease.
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