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ArticleYalnız künye2022/r/ebyu/13653
Analysis of spatial variation of temperature trends in the semiarid Euphrates basin using statistical approaches
Katipoğlu, Okan Mert
This study analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of trends on monthly, seasonal, and annual mean temperatures (1967–2017) at 22 stations in the Euphrates Basin of Turkey. The recently proposed innovative trend analysis (ITA) and the nonparametric Mann–Kendall (MK) and Spearman’s rho (SR) test at 5% and 1% significance levels were applied to examine the temporal trends of temperatures. Before using the nonparametric trend analysis, the serial correlation of the temperature data was removed with the pre-whitening (PW) method. Then, MK-Z values were mapped in ArcGIS environment using the Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) method to reveal the spatial variation of temperature trends. As a result, according to the ITA method, increasing temperature trends at 1% significance level dominate almost all periods. Based on the MK and SR tests, it was identified that increase trends were dominant at 1% and 5% significance levels in February, March, April, July, August, Spring, Summer, and Annual periods. According to the spatial temperature trend maps, significant increase trends occupy an important place in most of the basin in February, March, April, June, July, August, Spring, Summer, Winter, and Annual periods. The study results provide important information to water resources managers and decision-makers about the regions at significant risk in climate change in the Euphrates Basin.
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ArticleYalnız künye2022/r/ebyu/13465
Effect of climate change to solar energy potential: a case study in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
Bakirci, Kadir; Kirtiloglu, Yusuf
Architects, hydrologists, agriculturists, and solar engineers require the data of solar radiation for solar technologies such as solar drying, cooking, heating, and building illuminations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of climate change on the potential of solar energy in the Eastern Anatolia Region (EAR) of Turkey. The global warming problem caused by greenhouse gases is increasing due to the increase in the use of fossil origin fuels in our world, and climate change is coming out. In this content, the values of monthly sunshine duration and global solar radiation are provided by the Meteorological Service in Turkish for the EAR of Turkey in the periods between 1987 and 2010. Thus, in a period of 24 years, it is investigated how much change took place in meteorological data. These changes are examined in the two different periods. In conclusion, it is observed that important changes occur in some meteorological data. The highest decrease in the variation amount of yearly average global solar radiation is seen in Erzurum, while the highest increase is seen in Erzincan. The highest increase in the variation amount of yearly average sunshine duration is seen in Erzincan, while the highest decrease is seen in Bitlis. In addition, the statistical analysis (t-test) is made to determine whether the difference between two periods is statistically significant for a considered region.
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ArticleYalnız künye2022/r/ebyu/13344
Space-time variations of hydrological drought severities and trends in the semi-arid Euphrates Basin, Turkey
Katipoğlu, Okan Mert; Acar, Reşat
The main purpose of this study is to map the spatio-temporal variation of hydrological drought severities in the Euphrates Basin by using Kriging, Radial Based Function (RBF), Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), and Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI) methods and to determine the distribution of hydrological drought trends. For this purpose, 18 streamflow observation stations and grid-based ERA5 reanalysis data were employed in and around the Euphrates Basin. The standardized runoff index (SRI) was calculated on monthly, 3-month, and 12-month time scales to determine hydrological droughts. Hydrological drought trends were determined by Mann Kendall (MK) and Modified Mann Kendall (MMK) tests. According to SRI, spatial-temporal distributions of droughts were mapped by Kriging, RBF, IDW, GPI, and LPI methods in the Geographical Information Systems environment. The LPI and Kriging method was selected as the most effective methods to predict hydrological droughts based on the cross-validation error. As a result of the trend analysis, the predominance of decreasing SRI trends in May (61.1%), June (72.2%), July (55.6%), August (61.1%) indicates that the basin is at risk of hydrological drought, especially in summer. According to the maps of spatial droughts, the widespread distribution of droughts in the basin indicated that the basin was greatly affected by hydrological droughts. For this reason, it has been emphasized that transboundary water effective management between riparian countries, planning of water structures, and effective implementation of the drought management plan is of great importance.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2021/r/ebyu/20886
Standartlaştırılmış yağış indeksi hesabında kullanılan dağılım fonksiyonu etkisinin ve kuraklık karakteristiklerinin araştırılması
Katipoğlu, Okan Mert; Acar, Resat
Yağışın tipi ve yapısı; yükseklik, yer şekilleri, bitki örtüsü, deniz akıntıları, denize yakınlık ve uzaklık gibi parametrelere göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu nedenle yağış verilerinin tek bir dağılım ile ifadesi oldukça zordur. Yapılan çalışmada yağış verilerine hidrolojide sıkça kullanılan Gamma, Lognormal, Genelleştirilmiş Ekstrem Değer (GED), Weibull, Normal, Lojistik, Loglojistik dağılımları uydurularak elde edilen Standartlaştırılmış Yağış İndeksi (SYİ) ve Gamma SYİ değerlerinin hesaplanması ve bu değerlere run teorisi uygulanarak elde edilen kuraklık karakteristiklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yağış verilerine en iyi uyan olasılık yoğunluk fonksiyonunun belirlenmesinde Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), Anderson-Darling (A-D) ve Ki-kare (χ2) testleri ve grafiksel metotlar kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, Fırat havzasındaki yağışları GED dağılımının, Gamma dağılımından daha iyi temsil ettiği ve hesaplanan SYİ değerlerinde ortalama %2 sapma meydana geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca havzada şiddetli ve uzun süreli kuraklıklar dikkat çekmektedir. Bu sebeple havzada kuraklık önlemlerinin alınması, kuraklık azaltma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi ve sürekli bir şekilde uygulanması, su tasarrufunun sağlanması, kurak dönemlerde sigorta görevi gören yeraltı sularının korunması, sulama sistemlerinin modernleşmesi ve iklim değişikliğine karşı tedbirlerin alınması gerekmektedir.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2021/r/ebyu/20867
Erzincan ili hayvansal atık kaynaklı biyogaz potansiyelinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik biyogaz tesisi senaryoları
Badem, Anıl; Kurnuç Seyhan, Aslıhan
Hayvan atıklarından biyogaz üretimi gibi atıkların enerji teknolojisine uygulanması, Türkiye de dâhil olmak üzeregelişmekte olan birçok ülkede sürdürülebilir enerji geliştirme hedeflerine ulaşmak için en iyi araçlardan biri olarak kabuledilmektedir. Türkiye, çok sayıda hayvan çiftliği ile önemli bir potansiyele sahip olsa da bugüne kadar biyogaz üretimiiçin potansiyel gerçekleşmemiştir. Bu makale, Türkiye'de alternatif bir enerji üretimi kaynağı olarak hayvan atıklarındanbiyogaz üretimi yoluyla atıkların enerji teknolojisine potansiyel uygulanmasının vurgulanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Hayvanatıkları gibi yenilenebilir hammaddelerin anaerobik sindirimi, biyogaz şeklinde temiz enerji üretimi için ileriye dönük birteknoloji olarak bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada Erzincan ilinin hayvansal atık kaynaklı enerji potansiyeli hesaplanmıştır.Bulgular, Erzincan'daki hayvan atıklarından yaklaşık 15.5 milyon m3/yıl biyogaz potansiyelinin üretilebileceğinigöstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Erzincan ve ilçelerinin mesafeleri, atık kapasiteleri ve ekonomik verimliliği göz önünealındığında, 0.5 MW, 1.2 MW ve 2.4 MW kurulu güce sahip 3 farklı biyogaz santrali senaryosu hazırlanmıştır. Butesislerin yatırım maliyetleri ve her bir tesis için gerekli olan yatırımın geri ödeme süreleri hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmayadayanarak, Erzincan'da biyogaz üretimi ile hayvan atıklarının enerjiye dönüştürülmesi açısından birçok fırsataraştırılabilir. Bölgede, küçük boyutlarda olmak üzere, önerilen sayıdan daha fazla sayıda biyogaz tesisi kurmak damümkündür.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2021/r/ebyu/20832
Determination of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Maps with Various Interpolation Methods in the Euphrates Basin
Katipoğlu, Okan Mert; Acar, Resat
Drought is a natural disaster that adversely affects various sectors such as hydroelectric power generation, health, industry, tourism, economy, agriculture and animal husbandry. For this reason, monitoring, determining the spatio-temporal distribution, and managing drought risks by taking precautions are of great importance. In this study, it is aimed to map the spatio-temporal changes of various meteorological and hydrological droughts in the Euphrates Basin according to drought classes with Kriging, Radial Based Function (RBF) and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation methods and to evaluate the drought risk situation in the basin. For this, Standardized Precipitation Index, Statistical Z-Score Index, Precipitation Anomaly Index, Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, Reconnaissance Drought Index and Standardized Runoff Index values were used for 16 Meteorology Observation Stations and 18 stream-gauging stations in the Euphrates Basin. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that the Kriging method is the most effective method in predicting meteorological droughts in the basin, and RBF is the most effective method in predicting hydrological droughts. Since the drought risk level of the basin is determined to be high, it is recommended to make a drought management plan in the study area, to reduce negative drought effects, and to take early warnings and drought precautions.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2021/r/ebyu/20769
Estimation of missing temperature data by Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Katipoğlu, Okan Mert; Acar, Resat
Ensuring more reliable and quality meteorological and climatological studies by providing data continuity and widening the data range. For this reason, missing values in meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, evaporation must be completed. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to complete missing temperature data in the Horasan meteorology station. To establish the ANN model, monthly average temperature values of neighboring stations having similar climatic characteristics and altitude with Horasan were used as input. The monthly average temperature values of the Horasan station were used as output. Approximately 70% of the data was used for training, about 15% for testing, and about 15% for verification in the ANN model. Various statistical parameters were compared to determine the best network architecture and best model. As a result, the model's high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.99) and low mean absolute error (MAE = 0.61) showed that the ANN model can be used effectively in estimating missing temperature data.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2021/r/ebyu/20170
The Validity of the Enviromental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Transportation Sector: the Case of Selected OECD Countries
Manga, Muge
Economic activities in the transport sector are one of the main reasons for the increase in carbon emissions. In recent years, it can be clearly stated that there has been a noticeable increase in service demand in the transportation sector depending on globalization and integration activities that have reached significant levels among the countries. In this respect, this paper investigates the relationship between the total output level of the transportation sector and the carbon emission sourced from the same sector for selected OECD countries spanning the period 1995-2016 within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator findings for the panel group show that there exists an inverted-U shaped relationship between the total output level in the transport sector and environmental pollution in selected OECD countries. The Country-specific results vary by country to another. Besides, the analysis reveals that the negative impact of total output on environmental pollution in these countries would be approximatively 36.033 billion dollars. It is seen that USA, Japan, France and Germany have reached this threshold income level. According to the results of Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) causality test, it is estimated that there is a bidirectional causality relationship between the carbon emission in the transportation sector and the total amount of output.
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ArticleYalnız künye2021/r/ebyu/14587
Experimental investigation of thermal energy storage efficiency using fin application with phase change material (pcm) under solar radiation
Acir, Adem; Canli, Mehmet Emin; Ata, Ismail; Uzun, Sinem; Tanürün, Himmet Erdi
In this paper, the energy storage behavior of the thermal energy storage unit (TESU) using phase change material (PCM) and copper fi ns under artifi cial solar radiation was analyzed experimentally. The experimental tests of the TESU were performed at three diff erent fi n numbers (n = 3, 5, and 7) and fi n thickness (t = 1, 1.5, and 2 mm) under variable solar radiations (q = 800, 900, and 1000 W/m2). The stored thermal energy of each TESU was calculated and compared with solar energy coming from a solar lamp. The highest thermal energy storage effi ciency was computed as 95.08% in Type-VIII (n = 7, t = 1 mm) TESU below 1000 W/m2 solar fl ux. The thermal energy storage effi ciency enhancement ratio (TESEER) was defi ned to understand the eff ects of n and t of the thermal energy storage effi ciency of TESUs. The highest TESEER was calculated as 1.68 in Type-VIII (n = 7, t = 1 mm) TESU below 1000 W/m2 solar radiation. In conclusion, the TESEER values were decreased with increasing fi n thickness, whereas its values were usually increased with the increase number of fi ns.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2021/r/ebyu/14565
Evaluation of combined use of drought indices in the case of Konya Closed Basin
Dalkilic, Huseyin Yildirim; Bayçinar, Metin; Samui, Pijush
The climate covers a series of events that deeply affect human life. Today, one of the most effective of these is climate change. As drought is cited as the most important one of the consequences of climate change, it is important to examine it with various. In this study, the drought status of the study area are located statistically calculated and evaluated 4 drought indices. At the same time, factor analysis and validity-reliability analysis were conducted to test the computability of the indices used in the study as a single index and to determine the reliability of the operations. While using exploratory factor analysis, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett test for factor analysis; Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for reliability analysis. In our study, K-means cluster analysis method was performed to determine the cut-off values of indices. According to the cluster analysis, new clusters were created and ANOVA test was conducted to determine the difference between clusters.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2021/r/ebyu/14372
Are long-run income and price elasticities of oil demand time-varying? New evidence from BRICS countries
Eleyan, Mohammed I.Abu; Çatık, Abdurrahman Nazif; Balcılar, Mehmet; Ballı, Esra
This study investigates and estimates long-run time-varying income and price elasticities of oil demand in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). A time-varying cointegration (TVC) approach allowing for the smooth changes in the parameters is employed, using quarterly data covering the period from 1990:Q1 to 2018:Q4. TVC tests confirm the variation in the long-run parameters over time for all countries by rejecting the null hypothesis of time-invariant cointegration. Moreover, results reveal that time-varying parameters of income and oil prices are inelastic for all counties’ oil markets. BRICS's oil demand is significantly affected by the real economic activity, although the evidence on inelastic income implies oil as a necessary commodity. The sign of time-varying price elasticities implies oil as an ordinary good for Brazil, Russia, and China whereas an inferior good in some intervals for India and South Africa. The evidence on the insignificance of price elasticities in most of the analysis periods indicates that regulation of oil product prices cannot control domestic oil demand. Hence, one can infer that taxes imposed on petroleum product prices are not an effective policy instrument to reduce greenhouse emissions.
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ArticleYalnız künye2021/r/ebyu/14266
Worldwide dynamic predictive analysis of building performance under long-term climate change conditions
Congedo, Paolo Maria; Baglivo, Cristina; Seyhan, Aslıhan Kurnuc; Marchetti, Raffaele
Around the world, expected climate changes can affect indoor comfort conditions in buildings. Analysing the climate in which buildings are located is the first step towards high-efficiency design, and today it is no longer possible to ignore impending climate change. This study has provided a worldwide picture of how comfort conditions inside a building can change as external climatic conditions change. For the first time, a building is tested worldwide over a long-term period, and not just in a specific climate or a small group of climates. Several cities homogeneously distributed around the world were selected, covering all climates of the Köppen-Geiger classification. A hypothetical building was implemented with the Termolog Epix 11 software in order to monitor the operative temperature (TOP) in free-floating mode on an hourly basis and test its temperature variations in the short, medium and long term. The percentage values of the hours when the TOP is in a comfort or discomfort conditions were compared for all configurations. The results showed that the comfort conditions vary with the climate. Climate zone A displayed for most subclimates high TOP values. Climate zone B showed an irregular trend, from 2020 to 2080 the hours when TOPs fall below 20 °C decreased in most locations. Climate zone C included areas where TOPs are mostly in the comfort range. Some sub-climates in zone D show very cold climates, with an average of about 15–20% of the annual hours in the comfort zone in 2020, then increasing slightly by a few percentage points in 2080.
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ArticleYalnız künye2021/r/ebyu/14237
Architecture design and performance analysis of a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell system for unmanned aerial vehicle
Ozbek, Emre; Yalin, Gorkem; Karaoglan, Mustafa Umut; Ekici, Selcuk; Colpan, C. Ozgur; Karakoc, T. Hikmet
The flight endurance of UAV systems is an important issue that restricts the operational capabilities. Thus, different energy systems and alternative onboard energy generation systems have been tested for the UAVs. Within these systems, fuel cells provide high energy density that can increase flight endurance greatly. In this study, a PEM fuel cell – Li-Po battery hybrid system has been developed by evaluating three architecture models. In the guide of the experimental power demand data of a fixed-wing UAV, modeling and testing procedures were performed. Battery voltage and fuel cell current variations observed during the ground tests were evaluated. It has been observed that approximately 160–170 W of the 250 W power is met by the fuel cell since no preconditioning has been applied and the temperature values at which the fuel cell exhibits its optimum performance. In the case where the fuel cell could provide 7.8 An under conditions where the humidification effects were not included in the model, the required current was over 7.8 A between approximately 400-1200 s. The fuel cell and battery behavior in response to the sudden power changes and to the uncertainties corresponding to the changes in the motor power during the flight are also detailed.
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ArticleYalnız künye2021/r/ebyu/14187
Experimental Investigation of Flame Characteristics of H2/CO/CH4/CO2 Synthetic Gas Mixtures
Yilmaz, Harun; Cam, Omer; Yilmaz, Ilker
Chemical composition of synthetic gas and concentration of its components depend on gasification process and feedstock. Synthetic gas mainly consists of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), and may contain trace amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). In this study, combustion and emission characteristics of H2/CO/CH4/CO2 blending syngas mixtures with high H2/CO ratio were experimentally investigated in a swirl-stabilized premixed combustor. Furthermore, stable operating ranges (flashback and blowout equivalence ratios) of such mixtures and flame response of 67.5%H2-22.5%CO-5%CO2-5%CH4 mixture to acoustic forcing were also detected. During the experiments, CH4 amount in tested gas mixtures varied between 5% and 20% by volume (at intervals of 5%), and H2/CO ratio and CO2 concentration were kept constant at the values of 3 and 5%, respectively. As a consequence, mixtures of 67.5%H2-22.5%CO-5%CO2-5%CH4, 63.75%H2-21.25%CO-5%CO2-10%CH4, 60%H2-20%CO-5%CO2-15%CH4 and 56.25%H2-18.75%CO-05%CO2-20%CH4 were derived and tested under the same boundary and physical conditions. All experiments were conducted at 0.4 equivalence ratio (Φ) and 0.2 geometric swirl number (SN). Preliminarily, stable operating ranges of respective gas mixtures were determined to find an equivalence ratio at which all gas mixtures could be tested without causing any flame instability and then, CH4 addition effects on combustion and emission characteristics of such mixtures were evaluated via utilizing axial and radial temperature, CO and O2 profiles. Lastly, flame behavior of 67.5%H2-22.5%CO-5%CO2-5%CH4 mixture was evaluated under externally modified acoustic conditions. Acoustic field in the combustor was mechanically altered by using side-mounted loudspeakers in the frequency range of 30–200 Hz. To identify flame instabilities and to evaluate the degree of coupling between heat release and pressure oscillations, pressure sensors and photodiodes installed on combustion chamber and burner were utilized. Results of this study showed that CH4 addition to synthetic gas mixtures improves rich flammability limits, and increases flame temperature, flame height and emissions. Under externally modified acoustic conditions, flame behavior slightly alters (flashback and blowout does not occur). Additionally, pollutant emissions improve in an environment-friendly manner under such conditions.
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ArticleYalnız künye2021/r/ebyu/14096
Technological innovation, financialization, and ecological footprint: evidence from BEM economies
Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muge
Despite the growing interest in researches on the impact of technological development on carbon emissions, the effect of technological innovation on the other indicators of environmental degradation is of little interest. In order to close this gap, the aim of this study is to determine the effects of technological innovation on both carbon emission and ecological footprint for big emerging markets (BEM) countries. In doing so, the environmental impacts of the financialization process are also explored, in line with the fact that these countries face constraints in financing technological developments. In this context, the effects of technological development, financialization, renewable energy consumption, and non-renewable energy consumption on environmental degradation are examined through the second-generation panel data methods for the period 1995–2016. The findings indicate that technological innovation is effective in reducing carbon emissions, but does not have a significant impact on the ecological footprint, namely a 1% increase in technological innovations reduces carbon emission by 0.082–0.088%. Moreover, it is found that financialization harms environmental quality for both indicators of the environment because a 1% increase in financialization increases carbon emissions by 0.203–0.222% and increases ecological footprint by 0.069–0.071%.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2020/r/ebyu/22110
Ekonomik Büyüme, Karbon Emisyonu ve İnsani Gelişmişlik Arasındaki İlişki: Seçilmiş Akdeniz Ülkeleri 1
Manga, Muge; Gümüş Akar, Pınar
Bu çalışmada, Avrupa Birliğinde yer alan Akdeniz Ülkeleri Hırvatistan,Kıbrıs, Fransa, Yunanistan, İtalya, Malta, Slovenya, İspanya ve Birlik içerisindeyer almayan Türkiye’deki ekonomik büyüme, karbon emisyonu ve insanigelişmişlik düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin test edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Kurulanmodelde yer alan değişkenler arasındaki ilişki, 1998-2014 yılları esas alınarakPanel ARDL yöntemi ile analiz edilmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, seçilenülkelerde Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi hipotezinin geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.Ayrıca yapılan analiz sonucunda, bu ülkelerdeki insani gelişmişlik indeksi ilekarbon emisyonu göstergesi arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişkinin söz konusuolduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2020/r/ebyu/21974
Ekonomik karmaşıklık düzeyi ve CO2 emisyonu arasındaki ilişkinin analizi: asean ülkeleri örneği
Soyyiğit, Semanur; Akiş, Elife
İkili yapının hakim olduğu gelişen ülkeler geleneksel kesimden (tarım) modernkesime (sanayi) geçiş yaparken, üretimleri de düşük katma değerli ve bilgi içeriğidüşük mallardan, yüksek katma değerli mallara doğru bir geçiş sergilemektedir.Yapısal dönüşüm olarak adlandırılan bu geçiş sürecinde, üretim niteliği değişimgösterirken, ülkelerin enerji ihtiyaçları ve enerji tüketimleri de artmaktadır. Bu durum,özellikle küresel ısınma sebebiyle çevresel duyarlılığın daha da arttığı günümüzde,gelişen ülkelerin yapısal dönüşümü çevresel kötüleşme pahasına mı gerçekleştirdiğisorularını akla getirmektedir. Bu amaçla bu çalışmada, Dünya Bankası raporundada belirtildiği gibi, 1965’ten itibaren önemli bir büyüme performansı sergilemeyebaşlayan ve küresel değer zincirinde önemli birer ülke konumuna gelen ASEAN’ınkurucu ülkelerinde, yapısal dönüşüm ve CO2 emisyonu arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisiincelenmektedir. Ekonomik karmaşıklık indeksi, son dönemlerde yapısal dönüşümütemsil eden bir değişken olarak kullanılmaktadır. Söz konusu ülkeler için 1990-2014dönemi kapsamında ekonomik karmaşıklık indeksi ve CO2 emisyonu arasındakieşbütünleşme analizi sonuçları, ekonomik karmaşıklık indeksinin uzun dönemdeTayland, Filipinler ve Endonezya’da CO2 emisyonu üzerinde negatif etkisinin olduğunuortaya koymaktadır. Bir diğer ifadeyle, uzun dönemde adı geçen ülkelerin ekonomikkarmaşıklık düzeyi arttıkça, CO2 emisyonları azalmaktadır.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2020/r/ebyu/21941
Globalization based approach to environmental kuznets hypothesis: the case of turkic republics
Manga, Muge; Cengiz, Orhan
Recently, the interest in the problems caused by growth-oriented policy implications which are at the center of macroeconomic policies has increased gradually. Revealing the background dynamics of this interest that is increasing due to both economic and political, social and cultural factors, is impossible to discuss without taking the effects of the phenomenon of globalization. Therefore, together with the globalization that has permeated to all strata of society since the end of the 20th century, the literature which emphasises changing of environmental balance has become prominent. In this context, it he study, environmental Kuznets hypothesis is tested by taking economic, political and social globalization indicators into account for Turkic Republics that compose of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, with panel ARDL methods for 1991-2014 period. The results show that the negative impact of the economic growth on carbon emission arises the per capita income level of nearly $2,830, and after that there is a N-shaped relationship between them. In addition, the findings reveal that political and social globalization reduce carbon emissions while it increases economic globalization and energy use.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2020/r/ebyu/20223
Erzincan’da Motorlu Taşıtlar Tarafından Atmosfere Salınan Egzoz Emisyonları ve Tahmini Miktarlarının Belirlenmesi
Cetin, Murat; Ergüder, Tevfik Oğuzhan
Ülkemizde ulaşımda yaygın olarak içten yanmalı motorlar ile hareket eden taşıtlar kullanılmaktadır. İçten yanmalı motorlu taşıtlardan kaynaklanan zararlı egzoz gazlarının hava kirliliğinde önemli bir rolü vardır. Bu taşıtlar yaygın olarak yenilenemeyen fosil yakıtlardan üretilen benzin, motorin ve LPG gibi yakıtlarla çalıştırılmakta olup, bu yakıtların yakılması sonucunda CO, CO2, NOx ve PM gibi emisyonlar atmosfere bırakılmaktadır. Erzincan il merkezinde artmakta olan motorlu taşıt sayısıyla birlikte hava kirliliği miktarı da artmaktadır. Temel olarak motorlu taşıtların atmosfere bıraktığı emisyon miktarları hesaplanırken taşıt profili ve emisyon faktörü gibi verilere gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan il merkezindeki taşıtlarla ilgili veriler, yapılan anket çalışmaları ve Erzincan Trafik Bölge Müdürlüğü’nden alınan bilgiler ile elde edilmiştir. Yapılan anketler ile farklı sınıflara ait 947 taşıta ulaşılmış olup, bu taşıtların üretim yılları, boyutları, Emisyon Standartları, kullandığı yakıt cinsi, kullanım amacı, segmenti gibi özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda taşıtlar belirlenen sınıflara ayrıldıktan sonra COPERT 5 programı yardımıyla emisyon miktarları teorik olarak hesaplanmış, Erzincan il merkezindeki motorlu taşıt kaynaklı hava kirliliğini önlemek için öneriler sunulmuştur.
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ArticleAçık Erişim2020/r/ebyu/17960
Selection of solar energy supply facility location with robust optimization and an application
Karabulut, Turgut; Yavuz, Selahattin
Energy is a constant need and this need is a growing resource. Renewable energy, which is one of these energy sources, is very important for our world to be both clean and sustainable. One of the central belt countries in the world, Turkey is a very fortunate country in terms of renewable energy sources. In this study, a model for solar energy source installation and energy efficiency has been proposed for Erzurum, Erzincan, and Sivas. This model has been solved by deterministic and robust optimization. Pursuant to the results obtained from the solutions with these methods, the most suitable location has been determined. At the end of the study, it has been found out that Erzurum is the most suitable city for the selection of the location according to both solutions. According to deterministic solution for Erzurum, the efficiency has been observed between 83950724.1 and 87591854.81 while it has been between 83416034.92 and 87065524.19 according to robust solution. There has been an approximately 0.618% difference between these two solutions.
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