Yazarlar
- Bayata, Halim Ferit(14)
- Bayrak, Osman Ünsal(10)
- Baş, Fatih İrfan(7)
- Çolak, Muhammed Ali(7)
- Katipoğlu, Okan Mert(6)
- Akar, Özlem(4)
- Atar, Muhammed(4)
- Cosgun, Suleyman Istemihan(4)
- Sarıçiçek, İnci(4)
- Özkan, Kemal(4)
- İnce, Elif Gökçe(4)
- Akar, Alper(3)
- Akar, Fahriye(3)
- Bas, Fatih Irfan(3)
- Demirci, Oğuz Kürşat(3)
- Demirel, Soner(3)
- Ince, Ozan(3)
- Kumbasaroglu, Atila(3)
- Mazlum, Yusuf(3)
- Nasery, Mohammad Manzoor(3)
- Pande, Chaitanya Baliram(3)
- Sarıgöl, Metin(3)
- Yazici, Ahmet(3)
- Yazıcı, Ahmet(3)
- Çelik, Alper(3)
- Aslan Yıldız, Özge(2)
- Bahadir, Murat(2)
- Büyüksaraç, Aydın(2)
- Cakil, Burak(2)
- Celik, Alper(2)
- Deniz, Fatih Ahmet(2)
- Eren, Erkin(2)
- Gökhan, Askan(2)
- Güncü, Arzu(2)
- Günes, Erkan(2)
- Hanakova, L.(2)
- Ince, Elif Gokce(2)
- Karakoç, Duygu Yıldız(2)
- Karsli, Fevzi(2)
- Keleş, Ömer Faruk(2)
Yayınlar
- ArticleAçık Erişim2024Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) Metodu İle Of İlçesi’nde (Trabzon) Heyelan Risk Duyarlılığı Analizi
Şenol, Celal; Taş, Mehmet Akif; Yanik, Muhammet Enes
Çalışma alanı olan Trabzon’a bağlı Of ilçesinde topografik özellikler ve iklim hususiyetleri bakımından heyelan afetinin gerçekleşme potansiyeli yüksektir. Son yüz yılda 26’sı ölümle sonuçlanan onlarca heyelan afetine maruz kalan Trabzon’da sadece Of ilçesi 4 adedi ölümlü olmak üzere onlarca maddi hasarlı heyelan afetinden etkilenmiştir. Ortalama eğim ve yükseltinin fazla olması ve yağışın yıllık miktarının (1659,4 mm) ülke ortalamasının (643 mm) oldukça üzerinde olması bu durumu ortaya çıkaran en önemli etkenlerdir. Bu bağlamda Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılarak uluslararası mecrada etkinliği ve geçerliliği olan metotlarla heyelan risk analizlerinin yapılması oldukça önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Bu analiz yöntemlerinden olan ve heyelan risk analizi çalışmalarında son yıllarda en çok kullanılan yöntemlerden biri olan ve Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) olarak literatüre geçen Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci (AHS) çalışma alanına uyarlanmıştır. SentinelHub, NASA, Corine, HGM, MTA gibi birçok ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluştan elde edilen veriler ışığında Of ilçesinin AHS ile heyelan risk analizi oluşturulmuştur. Bunun sonucunda ilçenin heyelan bakımından %23’lük bir bölümüne tekabül eden 60 km2 alanında riskli ve çok riskli, %26’sına tekabül eden 67,7 km2 alanında orta ve %51’ine karşılık gelen 132,4 km2 alanda düşük ve çok düşük heyelan riski tespit edilmiştir. Bu analizler sonucunda elde edilen bilgiler dikkate alınarak gerek afet yönetim sürecinde gerekse diğer ilgili alanlarda çalışan paydaşların heyelan afetine karşı hazırlıklı olmaları amaçlanmıştır.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Yalnızbağ Yerleşkesinin İklim Değişikliğine Karşı Duyarlılığının Belirlenmesi ve Bazı Yeşil Altyapı Öneri Senaryoları
Yılmaz, Hasan; Gökhan, Askan
Bu çalışmada, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Yalnızbağ Yerleşkesinin iklim değişikliğine karşı duyarlılığı incelenmiş ve çeşitli yeşil altyapı senaryoları önerilmiştir. Araştırmanın temel amacı, yerleşkenin mevcut yeşil altyapı sisteminin iklime dirençli olup olmadığını belirlemek ve bu sistemlerin iklime dirençli hale getirilip getirilemeyeceğini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada, kentlerin iklim değişikliğine uyum sağlama çabalarının önemi vurgulanmış ve açık kentsel yeşil alanların bu çabaların başarısındaki kritik rolü ele alınmıştır. Daha yaşanabilir kentsel çevre ve kampüsler oluşturmaya yönelik bir çok yeni kavramlar (Eko-kent, yaşanabilir kent, sürdürülebilir kampüs, sürdürülebilir kent, dirençli kent, akıllı kent gibi) gündeme gelmekte olup, bazı ülkelerde iyi uygulama örnekleri hayata geçirilmiştir. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Yalnızbağ Yerleşkesinin iklim değişikliğine karşı duyarlılığını belirleyerek, değişik yeşil altyapı öneri senaryoları ile yerleşkenin iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerine karşı dirençli duruma getirilebilmesi amacı ile yeşil altyapı senaryoları üzerinde durulmuştur. Yerleşkenin iklim değişikliğine duyarlı duruma getirilmesine yönelik öneri yeşil altyapı senaryoları; • Kurağa dayanıklı bitki türü kullanımı • Yapı yüzeyi bitkilendirmesinin artırılması • Yağmur hasad bahçelerinin oluşturulması • Biyohendeklerin oluşturulması • Su tüketimini azaltıcı yöntemlerin geliştirilerek yerleşkenin iklim değişikliğine duyarlı duruma getirilmesine yönelik öneri yeşil altyapı senaryoları oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışma ile kentte ve kampüste yapılacak peyzaj tasarımlarında, suyun sürdürülebilirliğini sağlayacak uygulamaların nasıl yapılması gerektiği noktasında yol gösterici olması hedeflenmektedir.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Investigation of the Earthquake Behavior of Historical Erzincan Çadurcu Bath and the Reasons for Its Persistence Until Today
Güncü, Arzu; Soyluk, Asena; Çelik, Alper; Mutlu, Erkan Okay
In this study, the earthquake behaviour of the historical cadurcu Bath in Erzincan, which is located on the North Anatolian Fault, the most active fault line of Turkey, was investigated. This historical masonry structure has preserved its structural integrity despite being exposed to two earthquakes of magnitude 7.8 in 1939 and 6.7 in 1992. In accordance with the architectural survey studies, the historical building was modelled. According to the results of response spectrum analysis, stress and displacement distributions and modal characteristic parameters of the structure were evaluated. When the analysis results of the models created with the solid model technique and the shell model technique are compared, it is concluded that the shell modelling technique is safe in such studies, considering the analysis time and modelling difficulty. According to the results of the analyses, considering the stress distribution in the historical building elements, it is seen that the configuration characteristics of historical masonry structures are important in earthquake resistance like other building systems.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Conference ObjectYalnız künye2024Traffic Light Control with Policy Gradient-Based Reinforcement Learning
Tas, Mehmet Bilge Han; Özkan, Kemal; Sariçiçek, Inci; Yazici, Ahmet
With the increase in population and transportation vehicles, increasing transportation times due to traffic density and carbon dioxide emitted by vehicles is one of the most important problems today. In this study, it is aimed to reduce these times and reduce traffic density by controlling traffic lights within the scope of smart cities. By using Policy Gradient-based reinforcement learning, a realistic city traffic sample is created with various vehicle elements such as cars, motorcycles and bicycles, and traffic lights are controlled to provide a smoother traffic with lower transportation times. Thanks to the application, a one-third improvement was achieved in the 180-hour period presented as an example.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Geotechnical and Structural Damages Caused by the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes in Gölbaşı (Adıyaman)
Akar, Fahriye; Işık, Ercan; Avcil, Fatih; Büyüksaraç, Aydın; Arkan, Enes; İzol, Rabia
On 6 February 2023, two independent earthquake pairs on the East Anatolian Fault Zone, with epicenters in Pazarcık (Mw = 7.7) and Elbistan (Mw = 7.6) districts of Kahramanmaraş province, caused great destruction. Adıyaman and Gölbaşı districts of this city are among the settlements most affected by the earthquake. Especially in the district where geotechnical damages are most observed, the destructive effects of earthquakes have been clearly observed in buildings with different structural systems. In this study, information is given about the earthquakes that hit the region and the fault zone where the earthquakes occur. Geotechnical and structural damages occurring in the villages and center of the district were evaluated within the scope of earthquakes and structural engineering. It can be stated that damages observed in the district center are generally caused by soil–structure interaction problems. The fact that masonry structures, which are widely used in rural areas, do not benefit from any engineering services has an impact on the level of damage. The main reason for the damages occurring in the reinforced concrete structures in the district is the reinforced concrete system that is not designed properly or not built in accordance with the design. This case study demonstrated the importance of earthquake–soil–structure interactions in line with earthquake-resistant building design principles.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of sustainable roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) containing waste rubbers as alternative aggregates
Keleş, Ömer Faruk; Bayrak, Osman Ünsal; Bayata, Halim Ferit
Different types of solid waste are generated every year due to global industrialization. With the rapid growth of the automobile industry, the disposal of billions of waste rubbers (WR), which pollute the environment and cannot be disposed of properly, is emerging as an urgent matter of concern. Recycling waste rubbers by using them on pavements will contribute to the elimination of ecological and economic problems. In this study, the effects of waste rubbers on the mechanical properties of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) were investigated by obtaining sustainable RCCP mixtures using different types of waste rubbers as coarse and fine aggregate substitutes. In this context, waste rubbers with three different sizes (powder, crumb and shredded) were substituted for aggregate by volume at seven levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 20% and 30%) with a maximum of 30% in RCC mixtures. Unit weight, mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) were evaluated and compared according to the waste rubber content in the RCC mixtures. In addition, microstructural analysis of the mixtures was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that the compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity decreased with increasing waste rubber content in RCC. The utilization of waste rubber increased the ductility of RCC and decreased the density to produce lighter concrete. RCC with a compressive strength of about 30 MPa could be obtained by substituting 10% of waste rubber for aggregate. Thus, the utilization of high waste rubber content in pavements was feasible. This study can contribute to a more sustainable RCCP production by replacing natural aggregates with waste rubbers.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Land Cover Dynamics and Environmental Implications in Türkiye’s Riparian Zones: A Comprehensive Seven-Year Study
Akturk, Emre; Guney, Kerim; Aydin, Mirac; Yildiz, Faruk; Kaya, Ozkan
This study examines the Riparian Buffer Zones (RBZs) in Türkiye, analyzing land cover changes from 2017 to 2023 to assess their effectiveness in ecological conservation and water resource management. The research employs Esri-Sentinel land cover data, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation models, and RiverATLAS data to identify and delineate RBZs, classify land cover types, and evaluate trends and changes over seven years. The findings indicate that 44.8% of RBZs are covered by ‘Rangelands’, 32.2% by ‘Crops’, and 16.1% by ‘Trees’ classes. The study notes a considerable increase in built areas and agricultural fields, which may indicate ongoing urban expansion and its potential impact on the effectiveness of RBZs. Despite regulatory efforts, the substantial presence of agriculture within RBZs indicates a need for more robust environmental protection policies. The results indicate a pressing need for a policy reassessment to enhance forest cover within RBZs and reduce agricultural encroachment. This would improve water quality and facilitate the achievement of sustainability goals numbered 2, 3, 6, 11, 14 and 15. The findings thus call for a strategic enhancement of RBZ management to better protect water resources against the adverse effects of agricultural and urban activities.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Investigating the usability of kevlar and steel fibers as a hybrid in concrete pavements
Mola, Erhan; Bayrak, Osman Ünsal; Baş, Fatih İrfan; Bayata, Halim Ferit
In this study, the hybrid usage of Kevlar and steel fiber in concrete pavements was investigated. For this purpose, the concrete was designed using the water/binder ratio (0.40, 0.45, 0.50), silica fume (instead of cement 0, 5, 10%), Kevlar fiber (0 gr/m3, 500 gr/m3, 1000 gr/m3) and steel fiber (0 gr/m3, 500 gr/m3, 1000 gr/m3). Taguchi method was used as the experimental design, and optimum levels of parameters were determined for 28-days compressive strength, flexural strength, and toughness. According to the experiments and observations, the positive effect of Kevlar fiber upon energy absorption capacity (toughness), compressive and flexural strength of concrete was determined. Using only Kevlar fiber increasing up to 5.1% in compressive strength and up to 14.5% in flexural strength were observed. Considering the obtained results, Kevlar was noticed as a possible recycling material to be introduced into the economy by adding concrete.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Determination of optimum insulation thickness of building walls according to four main directions by accounting for solar radiation: A case study of Erzincan, Türkiye
Köse Özturan, Merve; Kurnuç Seyhan, Aslıhan
Reducing heat transfer from the building will reduce the energy cost required to heat the building. Significant energy savings of 25 % to 50 % can be achieved when the appropriate thickness of thermal insulation is applied to the building walls. In this study, calculations were made to determine the optimum insulation thickness of some thermal insulation materials used to reduce the heat transfer from buildings in Erzincan, located in Türkiye's fourth climate zone. The optimum thickness of the thermal insulation to be applied to the external walls was determined using the heating degree day method, taking into account the effect of solar radiation according to the four main directions. Optimum insulation thicknesses and payback periods were calculated for combinations of two building materials (pumice and bricks), four fuels (fuel oil, LPG, natural gas, and coal), and three insulation materials (XPS, EPS, and Rock wool). The numbers of heating degree days were calculated as 2229 in the north, 1425 in the east and west, and 1118 in the south direction for the four main wall directions. The lowest optimum insulation thickness for these heating degree day values, which minimizes the total heating cost, was obtained for pumice/XPS/natural gas combination. The optimum insulation thicknesses for this combination were calculated as 0.037 m in the north, 0.025 m in the east and west, and 0.02 m in the south direction. The calculated payback periods for all combinations range from 0.9 to 4 years and the payback period of Pumice/XPS/Natural Gas combination is 4 years.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Daily scale air quality index forecasting using bidirectional recurrent neural networks: Case study of Delhi, India
Pande, Chaitanya Baliram; Kushwaha, Nand Lal; Alawi, Omer A.; Sammen, Saad Sh; Sidek, Lariyah Mohd; Yaseen, Zaher Mundher; Pal, Subodh Chandra; Katipoğlu, Okan Mert
This research was established to accurately forecast daily scale air quality index (AQI) which is an essential environmental index for decision-making. Researchers have projected different types of models and methodologies for AQI forecasting, such as statistical techniques, machine learning (ML), and most recently deep learning (DL) models. The modelling development was adopted for Delhi city, India which is a major city with air pollution issues simialir to entire urban cities of India especially during winter seasons. This research was predicted AQI using different versions of DL models including Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) and Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Networks (Bi-RNN) in addition to Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR). Results indicated that Bi-RNN model consistently outperformed the other models in both training and testing phases, while the KRR model consistently displayed the weakest performance. The outstanding performance of the models development displayed the requirement of adequate data to train the models. The outcomes of the models showed that LSTM, BI-LSTM, KRR had lower performance compared with Bi-RNN models. Statistically, Bi-RNN model attained maximum cofficient of determination (R2 = 0.954) and minimum root mean square error (RMSE = 25.755). The proposed model in this research revealed the robust predictable to provide a valuable base for decision-making in the expansion of combined air pollution anticipation and control policies targeted at addressing composite air pollution problems in the Delhi city.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Delineation of environmentally sustainable urban settlement using GIS-based MIF and AHP techniques
Liladhar Rane, Nitin; Purushottam Choudhary, Saurabh; Saha, Arjun; Srivastava, Aman; Pande, Chaitanya Baliram; Alshehri, Fahad; Roy, Ranjan; Katipoğlu, Okan Mert; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan
Choosing appropriate locations for built-up growth while maintaining natural balance has become necessary for sustainable urban planning. To this end, two multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches—the multi-influencing factor (MIF) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP)—have been applied in this work. The MIF model results show that 23.546% of the study region was very highly suitable for newly built-up areas, and 18.786% was restricted for urban settlement, whereas, in the AHP model, 28.907% of the area was highly suitable, 17.619% was restricted for urban settlement. Finally, the dependability and efficiency of the two models used for the study area were assessed through the receiver operating curve (ROC) and area under curve (AUC) analysis. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the MIF approach (AUC 0.817) is more suitable and reliable than the AHP (AUC 0.783). The present work provides new insights to integrate GIS tools with MCDM for practical urban land suitability assessment.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Conference ObjectYalnız künye2024Routing with Pickup and Delivery via Deep Reinforcement Learning; [Derin Pekiştirmeli Öğrenme ile Al-Bırak Rotalama]
Aslan Yildiz, Özge; Sariçi̇Çek, İnci; Özkan, Kemal; Yazici, Ahmet
Intelligent transportation systems are an important issue within the scope of smart cities. Vehicle routing problems, which are a combinatorial problem, need to be solved in the design of the relevant systems. In this regard, the use of artificial intelligence optimization algorithms such as meta-heuristics has increased significantly in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, there are no papers that address the Dial and Ride problem by using reinforcement learning, one of the learning-based models. In this study, the Dial and Ride problem is solved for a single service vehicle using the transformer-based deep reinforcement learning method. The proposed method is tested on a problem generated in an environment in Eskişehir Büyükdere Neighborhood. As a result of the test problem, it is shown that the proposed method produced a solution to the problem in a reasonable time. The study showed that the Dial and Ride Problems can be solved with reinforcement learning.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Integrated optimization of facility location, casualty allocation and medical staff planning for post-disaster emergency response
Oksuz, Mehmet Kursat; Satoglu, Sule Itir
Purpose: Disaster management and humanitarian logistics (HT) play crucial roles in large-scale events such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and tsunamis. Well-organized disaster response is crucial for effectively managing medical centres, staff allocation and casualty distribution during emergencies. To address this issue, this study aims to introduce a multi-objective stochastic programming model to enhance disaster preparedness and response, focusing on the critical first 72 h after earthquakes. The purpose is to optimize the allocation of resources, temporary medical centres and medical staff to save lives effectively. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses stochastic programming-based dynamic modelling and a discrete-time Markov Chain to address uncertainty. The model considers potential road and hospital damage and distance limits and introduces an a-reliability level for untreated casualties. It divides the initial 72 h into four periods to capture earthquake dynamics. Findings: Using a real case study in Istanbul’s Kartal district, the model’s effectiveness is demonstrated for earthquake scenarios. Key insights include optimal medical centre locations, required capacities, necessary medical staff and casualty allocation strategies, all vital for efficient disaster response within the critical first 72 h. Originality/value: This study innovates by integrating stochastic programming and dynamic modelling to tackle post-disaster medical response. The use of a Markov Chain for uncertain health conditions and focus on the immediate aftermath of earthquakes offer practical value. By optimizing resource allocation amid uncertainties, the study contributes significantly to disaster management and HT research.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Assessment of reinforced concrete building damages following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Malatya, Turkey (February 6, 2023)
Ihsan Turan, Ahmet; Celik, Alper; Kumbasaroglu, Atila; Yalciner, Hakan
Earthquakes of magnitude Mw = 7.7 and Mw = 7.6 hit the city of Kahramanmaraş (Turkey) on 6 February 2023. These earthquakes caused serious damage in 11 provinces in Turkey resulting in over 50,000 deaths and huge economic losses with the collapse of thousands of buildings. Two consecutive devastating earthquakes have severely damaged the reinforced concrete building stock located in Malatya. There are many reasons reinforced concrete structures suffer damage under the influence of seismic loads. These reasons can be listed as material and section properties that do not comply with earthquake codes, workmanship defects, ground parameters that are not considered and design errors, as seen in field investigations after earthquakes in Turkey in the past. In this research, a field study was conducted on reinforced concrete buildings damaged after the earthquakes in Malatya province. The causes of structural damages in reinforced concrete buildings between 6–26 years of age were assessed in terms of design and material defects. The structural damages were mainly caused due to insufficient stirrups in structural members, short column, strong beam–weak column, failures of infill walls, soft story type collapse, poor concrete quality, and reinforcement corrosion. In addition to the field investigation, the spectrum relationships created using raw acceleration data obtained from DEMP (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency) stations in Malatya province were compared with the design response spectra.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Analysis of emergency assembly points for post-earthquake disaster management: a case study of Erzincan, Türkiye
Akar, Alper; Akar, Özlem; Konakoğlu, Berkant
The selection of emergency assembly points within the urban area holds significant importance for ensuring swift and effective intervention in the aftermath of a potential disaster until temporary shelter areas are prepared. In both historical and instrumental periods, Erzincan (Türkiye) has experienced major earthquakes resulting in significant loss of life and property. The likelihood of similar earthquakes occurring in Erzincan in the future remains high. Therefore, it is necessary to identify safe areas where people can assemble after an earthquake, moving away from hazardous zones. The aim of this study is to analyse the capacities and adequacies of emergency assembly points, which constitute a step in disaster management and enhance the earthquake resilience of the city, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on selected criteria (accessibility, spatial distribution, proximity to healthcare facilities, size, capacity adequacy, and proximity to fault avoidance zones), and to propose solutions. The assessment revealed that the available assembly points are not homogeneously distributed throughout the city and are inadequate to meet the available building and population density. Therefore, in addition to the available 38 emergency assembly points, 67 new alternative emergency assembly points have been identified. The proposed emergency assembly points (in the 75–100% range) increased the number of neighborhoods within the 250 m service area by 43.75% and 42.5% for 500 m.The findings underscore the necessity for more comprehensive and effective planning for Erzincan in the event of a potential disaster or emergency.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024FwSVM-Net: A novel deep learning-based automatic building extraction from aerial images
Yildirim, Feride Secil; Karsli, Fevzi; Bahadir, Murat; Yildirim, Merve
The building layer, one of the fundamental elements of mapping, features various layouts and architectures and is used in many mapping activities, such as urban planning, property management, illegal building detection, and disaster investigation. Therefore, accessing building information from remotely sensed images in a fast and automated manner is a popular topic. This paper aims to design a new Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture called FwSVM-Net (Fast with Support Vector Machine Network) for building extraction. The FwSVM-Net, with 16 convolutional layers, employs a fusion mechanism to reduce the semantic gap between the encoder and decoder sections. In the architecture's classification layer, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to increase segmentation accuracy while reducing parameter density. The Massachusetts Building Dataset was used for the automatic building extraction from aerial images. The performance of the FwSVM-Net on the test data was calculated at 97 %, 91 %, 87 %, 89 %, and 86 % for Overall Accuracy (OA), Precision (Pr), Recall (Rc), F1-Score (F1), and Intersection over Union (IoU), respectively. FwSVM-Net shows approximately ±2 % similarity in accuracy with the U-Net architecture, which is trained and evaluated with the same dataset. Despite this, the fact that the FwSVM-Net completed the training process approximately twice as fast as the U-Net architecture provides a significant time advantage. As a result, it is predicted that the FwSVM-Net will offer speed and convenience in terms of usability because of its performance, which is equivalent to the performance of the U-Net architecture for segmentation, and its time advantage.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2024Spatio-temporal changes in b-value associated with the 2023 Türkiye earthquake
Akar, Fahriye
b-value analysis obtained using earthquake catalogues has been associated with stress accumulation for a very long time. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of the b-value, also known as the frequency magnitude distribution factor, was calculated and examined before and after the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). For this, all earthquakes that occurred between 1900 and the earthquakes of February 6, 2023, and all aftershocks that occurred until September 1, 2023, were used. A circular area with a radius of 300 km, including nearby active faults from the center of the first earthquake to the center of the second earthquake, was divided into grids of equal size. The b-value was calculated for each grid using the maximum likelihood method. Very low b values were detected in the area where the first earthquake occurred, and it was observed that the b-value decreased relatively in the area where the second earthquake occurred. From the change in b-value over time, it was determined that the b-value has decreased significantly in recent years. This situation is associated with stress accumulation in the area where both earthquakes occurred, especially the low b values of the region where the first earthquake occurred. The fact that b values obtained using aftershocks are still low suggests that stress in the region is not completely released, has not been completely relieved and aftershocks will continue for a long time.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024ESTIMATION OF ENERGY LOSS DUE TO LIGHT POLLUTION USING SATELLITE AND FIELD MEASUREMENT DATA: EXAMPLE OF ERZİNCAN CITY
Yılmaz, Abdulvahap
In this study, we use field and satellite data to calculate the amount of energy wasted by faulty lighting and by light reflected from reflective surfaces and directed into upper half space, as well as its financial equivalent, although we do not address the consistency of the modeling used in the calculation for field and satellite data. In addition, light pollution in the city center of Erzincan and its surroundings was determined using data from SQM-LU and VIIRS, and the energy loss due to artificial lighting was calculated. To determine the effect of the change in zenith angle, SQM-LU measurements were made at distances of 5o between the zenith and the horizon at 4 points in the east, west, north, and south directions, while SQM-LU measurements were made at 45 points in the zenith direction. For the SQM measurements, the lowest (bright) and highest (dim) readings are 16.9 magnitude/arcsec2 and 20.30 magnitude/arcsec2, respectively, while according to the VIIRS satellite data they are 16.2 magnitude/arcsec2 and 18.9 magnitude/arcsec2, respectively. While the smallest value of the total luminous flux calculated for the city center of Erzincan and its surroundings (calculated from measurements in the zenith direction) is ~1.56 million lumens according to the SQM measurements, it is calculated to be ~5.98 million lumens according to the VIIRS satellite data. Taking into account the effect of 73% atmospheric transmittance and zenith angle dependence in the calculations, the total amount of luminous flux was calculated to be ~31.17 million lumens according to the SQM data and ~42.2 million lumens according to the VIIRS data. Considering that street lighting, billboards and outdoor lighting of buildings in the city are active for about 12 hours per day, the amount of wasted energy was calculated to be 112 219 kWh/month. A strong correlation was found between SQM and VIIRS values with R2 ≈0.71.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Comparison of Heavy Metal and Trace Element Levels in Inferior Nasal Concha of People Living in Rural and Urban Regions
Öner, Fatih; Kurt, Nezahat; Üçüncü, Harun
Objective: Heavy metal exposure has recently become a problem due to the increasing environmental pollution as urbanization expands. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to compare levels of heavy metals in the nasal concha of the patients living in urban and rural who underwent partial inferior concha resection. Methods: Sixty-seven patients were divided into two groups: 38 rural patients and 29 urban patients. Partial inferior turbinate resection was performed in these patients with turbinate hypertrophy, and these tissues were examined for heavy metal levels. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) levels were measured in inferior nasal concha by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Results: The levels of Cu (0.24±0.048 vs. 0.06±0.019 µg/g) and Zn (3.29±0.69 vs. 0.44±0.14 μg/g) of the rural patients were significantly higher compared to urban patients (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the Cd level between groups. Pb (0.024±0.009 vs. 0.008±0.0002 µg/g) and Mn (0.273±0.01 vs. 0.174±0.05 µg/g) levels of urban patients were significantly higher than rural patients (p<0.001). Significance was considered at p<0.05. Conclusion: Heavy metals accumulate in the nasal concha at different rates in rural and urban areas. In pathologies with unclear pathophysiology and potential for heavy metal accumulation, such as air pollution, it may be helpful to indicate the presence of heavy metals in the nasal turbinate’s and measure their amounts for diagnostic purposes.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2024Adaptive strategies and thermal perceptions in intermittently used congregational Spaces: A case study
Gemici, Zafer; Dogan, Ahmet
In spaces with considerable volumes that are sporadically used and typically not operating at full capacity, existing thermal comfort models face limitations. This research aims to reveal disparities between these models and survey-based comfort assessments. Comfort calculations were conducted using conventional thermal comfort models based on measured parameters and compared with survey data. Notable differences prompted the formulation of a more robust correlation, accounting for 83.4 % of the variations in Predicted Mean Votes (PMV). A regression model derived from survey data shows a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.84), supporting its applicability for large intermittently used spaces like mosques. Addressing limitations of existing models, this research introduces a practical and simplified approach to predicting thermal comfort, enhancing assessments in these distinctive spaces. The study also examines mosque indoor air quality dynamics. Despite sporadic ventilation, CO2 levels rose from 1500 ppm to 2500 ppm during Friday prayers, posing potential health risks. Before prayers, indoor CO2 and humidity met ASHRAE Standard 62, ISO 7730, and EN15231 values. To mitigate health concerns from elevated CO2 levels, improved ventilation systems are necessary. Comfort temperatures were only achieved during prayer periods.
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