Araştırmacılar(1)

• Sönmez, Melih

• Book ChapterYalnız künye2025/r/ebyu/11757
  The Evaluation of the Concept of Corporate Governance Within the Framework of Its Potential Advantages and Side Effects

  Sönmez, Melih

  It can be claimed that the business world in various nations, both developed and developing, has become more concerned with corporate governance (cg) lately. This is because of several financial disasters and scandals that have occurred, such as those involving Enron, Parmalat, and Lehman Brothers. What we should inquire about in this context is the precise meaning of corporate governance. Corporate governance refers to the system or strategy that governs the interactions among all actors involved in a company, such as shareholders, stakeholders, boards, and managers. It establishes the goals and duties of the company in a way that respects the rights of shareholders and all other stakeholders. It is guided by the principles of fairness, transparency, accountability, and responsibility. The Board of Directors is the main actor of corporate governance practices. It, which is responsible for directing the company, builds the balance of power between the shareholders who provide funds to the company and the Management who runs the company’s affairs. Fundamentally, it can be claimed that the success of corporations depends on ‘building trust’ between all players. By defining the roles and duties of the company’s management system, corporate governance practices enhance the confidence in its performance. Some of the potential advantages of corporate governance can be listed as follows: it reduces the cost of capital; provides cash inflow; creates a trust environment for domestic and foreign investors and increases the attractiveness of the company; reduces power and authority abuse in the company and helps to prevent corruption and corporate scandals; thus serves the stability of the company. In this respect, with a proper strategy and planning, corporate governance may bring success for companies in the medium and long term. However, a universal corporate governance system that can be applied to every financial market in the world is not feasible due to the different economic and cultural backgrounds. For instance, the divergence of interests between owners and managers (agency problem) and disagreements between shareholders and other parties (stakeholder theory) are some of the main issues in corporate governance systems. In this part, the potential definitions of good corporate governance will be examined; the principles, the models, and the main theories of corporate governance will be examined and finally, the main advantages of corporate governance will be evaluated.

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• ArticleYalnız künye2022/r/ebyu/20619
  İlim ve Edebiyat Eserlerinde Eser Sahiplerinin Mali Haklarına Tecavüzün Cezai Boyutu

  Yasar, Ercan; Sönmez, Melih

  Telif hukuku en genel anlamıyla iktisadi ve ekonomik değer taşıyan ve şekillendirilmiş fikri ürünleri koru- yan bir hukuk dalı olarak tanımlanabilir. Ülkelerin gelişmişlik düzeylerinde önemli bir rolü olan bu alanın tarihsel süreç boyunca gerek küresel çapta gerekse ülkemiz özelinde giderek önemini arttırdığı gözlem- lenmektedir. Fikri ürünler ülkelerin kültürel faaliyetlerinin gelişmesine pozitif katkılar sağladığı gibi ülkelerin ekonomik olarak gelişmesine de imkân vermektedir. Küresel çapta rekabet edebilir kalıp fikri ürünlerin kendi ülkesinde geliştirilmesini tesis etmek isteyen bir ülkenin, söz konusu alandaki kanuni düzenlemelerine gerekli hassasiyeti göstermesi zorunluluk teşkil etmektedir. Bu bakımdan kanaatimizce telif hukukunun başarısında “hukuki caydırıcılık ilkesi” anahtar bir rol oynamaktadır. Fikri haklar, kanun koyucu tarafından öncelikle tazmin, zoralım ve benzeri özel hukuk norm ve müesseseleriyle korunmaya çalışılmaktadır. Ayrıca cezai müeyyideler öngören kanun hükümleriyle birlikte, bu haklara tecavüz halin- de caydırıcılık sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Fikri haklara yönelik tecavüz bir haksız fiil teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle teknolojinin gelişmesi bu alandaki hak ihlallerini (haksız fiillerin gerçekleştirilme ihtimallerini) gittikçe kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu durum kişilerin fikri haklarına tecavüzleri sıklaştırdığı gibi toplumsal barışı da tehlikeye sokmaktadır.

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• ArticleYalnız künye2022/r/ebyu/20563
  Kambiyo senetlerinin zıyaı nedeniyle alınan iptal kararı ve bu kararın senet ile ilgisi olan taraflar arasındaki ilişkilere etkisi

  Sönmez, Melih

  TTK md. 645 gereğince kıymetli evrakın içerdiği hak ile senet arasında sıkı bir ilişki vardır. Bundan dolayı da esas olarak hak, senetten ayrı ileri sürülememektedir. Zaten TTK md. 646 hükmü uyarınca kıymetli evrak borçlusu, senedin kendisine ibraz edilmesiyle ödeme yapmak ile yükümlüdür. Fakat senedin zayi olması durumunda senette hak sahibi olarak gözüken kişinin, hakkını talep edememe riski ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bir kıymetli evrak çalınma, yırtılma, kaybolma, yanma veya vasıfları okunmayacak hale gelme gibi nedenler ile zayi olabilir. Bu tür nedenler ile senedin fiziki varlığının yok olmasının, alacak hakkının da yitirilmesi olarak yorumlanması hakkaniyet kuralları ile bağdaşmayacaktır. Senette hak sahibi olarak kabul edilen kişi aleyhine gözüken bu adaletsiz yaklaşımın önüne geçmek için, menfaatler dengesi çerçevesinde kıymetli evrakın mahkeme vasıtasıyla iptali öngörülmüştür. TTK md. 651 hükmü uyarınca mahkeme yoluyla alınacak iptal kararının en temel amacı, belirli prosedürler neticesinde iptal kararıyla hakkın senetsiz bir şekilde talep edilmesine veya yeniden senedin düzenlenmesine imkân vermektir. İptal kararının en temel hukuki sonuçlarından bir tanesi, senedin teşhis fonksiyonunu ortadan kaldırmaktır. Burada sorulması gereken soru, iptal kararının kambiyo senedi ile ilgisi olan taraflar bakımından ne tür etkisi/etkileri olacağıdır. İptal kararının senetteki taraflara olan etkileri üç temel perspektifte analiz edilebilir; iptal kararı aldıran hamil ve senet borçlusu arasındaki ilişkiye etkisi; senet borçlusu ve senedi elinde bulunduran üçüncü kişi arasındaki ilişkiye etkisi ve iptal kararı aldıran hamil ve müracaat borçlularına olan etkisi. Bu minvalde bu çalışmanın temel amacı, kambiyo senedi elindeyken zayi olan hak sahibinin aldıracağı iptal kararının etkisini, senet üzerindeki ilgili taraflar bakımından incelemektir.

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• ArticleYayıncıda açık erişim2021/r/ebyu/20687
  Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) and Empirical Insight into CSR Practises of\rCompanies Listed on the BIST 100

  Sönmez, Melih

  Purpose – The main aim of this study is to evaluate the role, importance, advantages and disadvantages\rof CSR and to understand to what extent the theory of CSR has been converted into the practice in\rcompanies listed on the BIST 100.\rDesign/methodology/approach – This study is based on combination of qualitative and quantitative\rapproaches. Fundamentally, it can be divided into two parts. The first part provides a theoretical\rframework for the main issues of CSR. In this respect, the first part of the study uses library-based\rinformation, such as books, articles and web-sources. The second part analyses the practicability of these\rtheories by making an empirical research about CSR practises of companies listed on the BIST 100. The\rsample size of this study consists of randomly selected 30 companies that are carried out their commercial\ractivities within the different sectors. All information used throughout this study is primary and indicates\rthe 2020/2021 data of these companies on their annual reports or webpages. The BIST 100 is accepted as\rthe main indicator used to measure the market and volume performance of the top 100 shares traded in\rthe BIST. It is an index that is carefully examined by all major investors. The fluctuation expectations of\rthe stock market are made by taking into account the BIST 100 Index. Briefly, the shares of these 100\rcorporations reflect the overall performance of the BIST. Hence, in order to get more realistic results about\rthe success of corporations on disclosing level of CSR, the BIST 100 Index has been applied in this research.\rFindings – The finding of this study showed that the CSR helps to increase the number of long-term\rinvestors in financial markets, to improve the quality of products and services in corporations, and to\rreduce social, environmental, ethical problems in society. Due to these advantages of the CSR, the\rempirical research also proved that the application process of the CSR projects seems to reach a\rsatisfactory level for listed companies on the BIST 100 on a voluntary basis. However, the points to take\rinto consideration are the availability of human rights and anti-corruption issues because this type of the\rCSR projects seems to be problematic for the selected corporations. Additionally, it can be useful to create\ra competent authority, which will be responsible for monitoring and supervising all the CSR projects.\rDiscussion – When CSR is examined in the first place; it can be seen as a new burden that increases the\rcosts for corporations. Additionally, defenders of the traditional economics theory accept CSR as violating\robligation to shareholders and covering the wrongdoings of corporations. Yet, it also provides many\radvantages in terms of companies, financial markets and societies. The most important benefits of CSR\rcan be listed as follows; it may increase the number of both national and international investors; thus, it\rmakes positive contributions to the long-term profitability of a company; it may improve the quality of\rproducts, the brand value and competitive power of corporations by having a positive impact on the\rperformance of employees; it also helps to protect environment, to care human-rights issues and to\restablish good relations with non-governmental organizations.

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• ArticleYalnız künye2021/r/ebyu/14333
  The CE marking in Turkey: is it indeed a guarantee trade mark?

  Sönmez, Melih; Türkdoǧan, Ahmet Furkan

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• ArticleYalnız künye2016/r/ebyu/21147
  "Transparency" in corporate governance and its implementations in turkish commercial code

  Sönmez, Melih; Narbay, Şafak

  Transparency, as one of the important principles of corporate governance, plays a key role in the structure of corporations as well as in financial markets. This is because, 'the devil side of corporations', such as the scandals of Imar Bank, Parmalat or Lehman Brothers, has indicated how any opaqueness is unlikely to be tolerated in these competitive financial markets. The question that needs to be asked is why transparency is so important in the financial markets. An effective flow of information not only increases the attractiveness of listed companies in the financial markets, but also plays a preventative role for the unexpected events. Therefore, as Tapscott and Ticoll mentioned, 'today's winners increasingly undress for success'. "(Tapscott and Ticall 2003, xii). However, it is important to highlight that to what extent has its importance been realised by policy-makers in their respective legal frameworks? In this respect, in order to understand the practicability of transparency rules, this paper aims to explore how the idea of transparency has been converted into practice in the both new Turkish Commercial Code No: 6102 and the Capital Market Law No: 6362.

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