Yazarlar
- Osma, Etem(20)
- Yangılar, Filiz(17)
- Kaya, Ozkan(16)
- Katipoğlu, Okan Mert(15)
- Yangilar, Filiz(15)
- Yildirim, Nalan(15)
- Karakus, Sinem(14)
- Turan, Metin(13)
- Özyürek, Selçuk(13)
- Elveren, Müjgan(12)
- Kandemir, Ali(12)
- Agar, Guleray(9)
- Bulut, Hüseyin(9)
- Ozturk, Halil Ibrahim(9)
- Varol, Tuğçe(8)
- Öztürk, Halil İbrahim(8)
- Haliloğlu, Kamil(7)
- Kılıç, Engin(7)
- Mutlu, Salih(7)
- Yildiz, Faruk(7)
- Akşit, Zeynep(6)
- Cebi, Kadir(6)
- Ertugay, Mustafa Fatih(6)
- Karakaya, Songül(6)
- Kiliçgün, Hasan(6)
- Kumbasaroglu, Hediye(6)
- Köksal, Ekrem(6)
- Türkoğlu, Aras(6)
- Yuca, Hafize(6)
- Achite, Mohammed(5)
- Akşit, Hüseyin(5)
- Atici, Ökkeş(5)
- Demirci, Betül(5)
- Poczai, Peter(5)
- Türkyılmaz, Doğan(5)
- Çebi, Kadir(5)
- Özkan, Güller(5)
- Öztürk, Halil Ibrahim(5)
- Aydın, Bilge(4)
- Bozkurt, Abdurrahim(4)
Yayınlar
- ArticleYalnız künye2016Casein/natamycin edible films efficiency for controlling mould growth and on microbiological, chemical and sensory properties during the ripening of Kashar cheese
Yangilar, Filiz; Oğuzhan Yildiz, Pinar
BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of the dipping application of coating materials such as casein (Cas), casein/natamycin (Cas/N) and natamycin (N) solutions on chemical (e.g. pH, dry matter, fat, acidity, salt, protein, water-soluble nitrogen, ripening index, 12% trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen and pH 4.6 soluble nitrogen), microbial (e.g. total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria in MRS, lactic acid bacteria in M17, coliforms and mould) and organoleptic properties of Kashar cheese samples during ripening (3, 30, 60 and 90 days). RESULTS: The difference in microbiological and chemical changes between samples were found to be significant (P < 0.05) during the ripening period. The highest and lowest mould counts were determined for the control (2.87 log cfu g-1) and the Cas/N (<1 log cfu g-1) samples, respectively, at 90 days of ripening. Compared to other cheeses, control and Cas/N-coated cheeses had higher levels of water-soluble nitrogen and ripening index at in the end of storage. The Cas/N-coated cheese samples were preferred more by the panellists, while N-coated cheese samples received the lowest scores. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that coating could be used to improve the quality of Kashar cheese during ripening.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Book ChapterYalnız künye2016Ultrasonic applications for juice making #40
Başlar, Mehmet; Biranger Yildirim, Hatice; Tekin, Zeynep Hazal; Ertugay, Mustafa Fatih
Nowadays, juice is one of the most popular beverages in food technology. Juice is easy to consume, delicious, and refreshing, and it is rich in vitamins, phytochemicals, and sometimes fiber, depending on the raw materials used. However, juice usually suffers from the loss of important nutrients and from compromised freshness and quality during thermal processing. Novel technologies for juice processing have therefore been developed to address the negative effects of thermal treatment. Among available technologies, ultrasound technology has a significant potential to produce good-quality, healthful, delicious, and affordable juice. At the same time, ultrasound technology is expressed to improve juice yield and extract some important compounds in the juice production. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the effects of ultrasound technology on the shelf life, yield, bioactive components, natural color components, appearance, and rheological and physicochemical properties of juices. These studies have focused on efficient juice production using ultrasound technology alone or in combination with another technology. Along with pasteurization, ultrasound technology can be utilized as an important tool to develop and preserve the properties of juice. In this chapter, the possibilities and potential offered by ultrasound treatment to juice production technology are evaluated in light of recent studies.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2016Production and evaluation of mineral and nutrient contents, chemical composition, and sensory properties of ice creams fortified with laboratory-prepared peach fibre
Yangilar, Filiz
Background: In the coming years, a nutraceutical food may provide both physical and mental benefits that are commonly attributed to the active components of the food. Objective: In this study, we determined the nutrient and mineral contents, sensory properties, and physical and chemical characteristics of ice creams manufactured using peach fibre at different concentrations (1 and 2%). Method: A total of five experimental groups were formed: two types (from peach peel and pulp) of flour, two fibre concentrations (1 and 2%), and a control group without fibres. Results: Flour obtained from peach pulp and peel was found to have a significant (p<0.05) effect on the chemical composition and elemental composition of ice cream samples, especially the rates of Ca, K, Mg, and P, which increased in the samples depending on the content of peach fibre. Sensory ratings and acceptability of ice creams decreased significantly with increasing peach peel fibre, whereas ice creams made with C (control) and B1 (ice creams made from 1% peach pulp fibre) was the highest scored by the panellists. Conclusions: Peach fibre concentrates might be used as a good source of nutraceutical ingredients.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2016Effect of the fish oil fortified chitosan edible film on microbiological, chemical composition and sensory properties of göbek kashar cheese during ripening time
Yangilar, Filiz
Objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of coated edible films with chitosan solutions enriched with essential oil (EO) on the chemical, microbial and sensory properties of Kashar cheese during ripening time. Generally, no differences were found in total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, streptococci and lactoccocci counts among cheeses but these microorganism counts increased during 60 and 90 d storage especially in C1 (uncoated sample) as compared with coated samples. Antimicrobial effectiveness of the films against moulds was measured on 30, 60, and 90 d of storage. In addition of fish EO into chitosan edible films samples were showed to affect significantly decreased the moulds (p<0.05) as 1.15 Log CFU/g in C4 (with fish oil (1% w/v) fortified chitosan film) on the 90th d, while in C1 as 3.89 Log CFU/g on the 90th d of ripening. Compared to other cheese samples, C2 (coated with chitosan film) and C4 coated cheese samples revealed higher levels of water-soluble nitrogen and ripening index at the end of storage. C2 coated cheese samples were preferred more by the panellists while C4 coated cheese samples received the lowest scores.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2016A new natural hybrid of Rosa (Rosaceae) from Turkey
Korkmaz, Mustafa; Kandemir, Ali; Doğan, Nalan Yildirim
In this study, Rosa × ozcelikii Korkmaz & Kandemir is described as a new natural hybrid between Rosa villosa subsp. mollis and R. hemisphaerica from material collected in Erzincan province (Turkey). It was compared with closely related species using morphological data. In addition, genetic relationships of the new hybrid with the putative parental taxa were determined by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Properties of soils in which the new hybrid grows in the wild are also presented.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2016Effects of Different Whey Protein Concentrate Coating on Selected Properties of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) During Cold Storage (4°C)
Yıldız, Pınar Oğuzhan; Yangılar, Filiz
In this study, the effect of different whey protein concentrate coating formulations (with or without glycerol) on the storage of fillets over a period of 15 days at 4ºC was investigated. Fillets were conducted to microbiological, chemical, and sensory analyses. Difference in microbiological and chemical changes between samples was found to be significant (p < 0.05) during storage period. The Y and Z were preferred more by the panellists, while C samples received the lowest scores. According to the results of microbiological analyses, shelf life of fillets was estimated at 6, 9, 12, and 15 days for C, X, Y, and Z samples, respectively.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2016Determination of genotoxic effects of fipronil in Vicia faba using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis
Yildirim, Nalan; Agar, Guleray
This study was undertaken to appreciate genotoxic potential of fipronil herbicides in the roots of Vicia faba seedlings. Fipronil was clearly dose dependent on root growth inhibitors, total soluble protein, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays. Increase in concentration of fipronil resulted in decreased amount of root length and increased level of protein. For the RAPD analyses, 15 RAPD primers were found to produce unique polymorphic band patterns and were subsequently used to produce a total of 110 bands of 45-1250 bp. Each primer generated 4-11 RAPD bands across 15 primers. The changes occurring in RAPD profiles following fipronil treatment included variation becoming evident as disappearance and/or appearance of DNA bands compared with the normal seedlings. These results indicated that genomic template stability was significantly affected at the above fipronil concentration. This study further confirmed that the RAPD assays are useful in determining potential genotoxicity of fipronil.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2016Relationships Among some Pears Genotypes (Pyrus Communis L.) Based on ISSR and RAPD Analysis; [Bestimmung der genetischen Verwandtschaft bei Birnen mit Hilfe der ISSR und RAPD Methoden]
Kalkışım, Ozgun; Okcu, Melih; Okcu, Zuhal; Karabulut, Besim; Yildirim, Nalan; Agar, Guleray
Thirty one pears genotypes from east blacksea region were evaluated for genetic relationships by using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) markers from total 70 RAPD and ISSR primer investigated, 22 could amplify clearly and consistently. Cluster analysis of the pears genotypes was performed based on data from polymorphic bands RAPD and ISSR by using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient and the Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering method. The 31 pear genotypes were classified into two major groups. Cluster A was divided into 2 subclusters: Gumushane pears and Trabzon pears. Cluster B consisted of Artvin pears. The similarity matrix values ranged between 0.105 and 0.968.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2016Pastinaca erzincanensis (Apiaceae), A New Species from Eastern Turkey and Its Phylogenetic Position within Tordylieae
Menemen, Yusuf; Kandemir, Ali; Downie, Stephen R.
Pastinaca erzincanensis Menemen & Kandemir (Apiaceae) is described as a new species, restricted to a single location in Erzincan Province, Turkey. To describe the species and assess its phylogenetic placement, field-collected and herbarium specimens were examined for morphological, fruit anatomical/micromorphological and palynological variation and included in a molecular phylogenetic study. Comparisons of leaf morphology, palynology and fruit anatomy suggest an affinity with Pastinaca (Tordylieae tribe Tordyliinae), although the presence of vittae in the fruit ribs is unique within the genus. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of nrDNA ITS sequences from representative members of tribe Tordylieae show that P. erzincanensis nests within a well-supported clade comprising members of Pastinaca, Malabaila and Trigonosciadium. Within a poorly supported Pastinaca s. lato clade, P. erzincanensis is sister group to M. pastinacifolia, with P. pimpinellifolia, P. yildizii and M. brachytaenia placed as successive sister taxa. Pastinaca erzincanensis differs from M. pastinacifolia, P. pimpinellifolia, P. yildizii and M. brachytaenia by having nine vittae on its dorsal mericarp surface (four vallecular and five rib vittae) and no commissural vittae. Based on characters of leaf morphology, palynology and fruit anatomy, and the molecular phylogenetic analysis results, we recognize the new species as belonging to the genus Pastinaca.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2016Mistletoe (Viscum album) reduces the growth of the Scots pine by accumulating essential nutrient elements in its structure as a trap
Mutlu, Salih; Osma, Etem; Ilhan, Veli; Turkoglu, Halil Ibrahim; Atici, Okkes
Key message: We found mistletoe accumulates nutrient elements in its structure as a trap and causes a severe drought stress in the Scots pine in dry summer seasons. Abstract: The mistletoe [Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesbaur) Vollm.] is a hemiparasitic plant, and its infestation is known to play an important role on the mortality of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.), but there is little knowledge about its action mechanism. This study, therefore, tried to gain a better understanding of the destructive effect of the mistletoe on the growth and water uptake mechanism of the Scots pine. Identical needles from neighboring plants (healthy and infested) were harvested in the middle of each month (from April to October 2013) and used as research material. Infestation success of the mistletoe was investigated by evaluating the contents of the endogenous nutrient elements such as potassium, phosphorus, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, nickel, and sodium in both mistletoe leaves and the needles of healthy and infested Scots pine. Its effects were also evaluated by determining the content of water, chlorophyll, and dry matter, and the length of the newly formed needles of the healthy and infested trees. Mistletoe infestation led to a decrease in the availability of water and mineral nutrients, and caused a powerful inhibition on the growth parameters such as chlorophyll, dry matter, and the length of needles by accumulating the essential nutrient minerals in its structure. The findings of this study indicate that the mistletoe accumulates the nutrient elements in its structure as a trap and causes a severe drought stress in the Scots pine in dry summer seasons, thereby playing a potent role in the increasing mortality rate in the Scots pine.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2015Determination of Genetic Diversity Among Wild Grown Apples From Eastern Black Sea Region in Turkey Using ISSR and RAPDs Markers; [Ermittlung der genetischen Vielfalt bei wildwachsenden Apfelsorten mittels ISSR- und RAPD-Markern in der östlichen Schwarzmeerregion der Türkei]
Okcu, Melih; Kalkışım, Özgün; Okcu, Zühal; Karabulut, Besim; Yildirim, Nalan; Agar, Guleray
In this study, we investigated interspecific variations of apple genotypes using ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) and RAPD (Randomly amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. Total 19 genotypes of wild grown local varieties were collected from Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey and have been studied for the analysis of ISSR and RAPD profile to examine their relationship. From total 53 RAPD and ISSR primer investigated, 28 could amplify clearly and consistently. All bands obtained from ISSR and RAPDs primer were polymorphic. The dendrogram realized from the RAPD and ISSR markers grouped the 19 genotypes into two major clusters. Cluster I comprised ‘Bey Apple’, ‘Fatty Apple’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Yellow Belly Apple’, ‘Bride Apple’, ‘Green Belly Apple’, ‘Summer Apple’, ‘Yomra Apple’, ‘Tavşanbaşı’, ‘Black Belly Apple’, ‘Chest Apple’, ‘Local Marble’, ‘English Apple’, ‘Willow Apple’, ‘Arabian Girl’, ‘Yellow Hıdır’ and cluster II contained ‘Starking Delicious’, ‘Mahsusa’, ‘Amasya Marble’. Genetic diversity data from this study will be helpful in using and exploiting the wild genetic material for breeding purposes as well as for further research.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2015Effects of weaning ages on the growth, feed conversion efficiency and some behavioral traits of Brown Swiss x Eastern Anatolian Red F1 calves; [Sütten kesim yaşlarının esmer x doğu anadolu kırmızısı F1 buzağılarında büyüme, yemden yararlanma oranı ve bazı davranış özellikleri üzerine etkileri]
Koçyiğit, Rıdvan; Aydin, Recep; Yanar, Mete; Güler, Olcay; Diler, Abdülkerim; Avci, Mehmet; Özyürek, Selçuk; Kabakci, Dilek; Hirik, Elif Nur
The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibility of the reducing weaning age of Brown Swiss x Eastern Anatolian Red F1 crossbred calves reared in North East Region of Anatolia. A total of 26 calves were housed in individual hutches and weaned at 2 (early weaning) or 3 (late weaning) months of age. While weaning weight of the calves in different weaning age treatment groups was significantly (P<0.01) different in favor of calves weaned lately, 6 months weight was not significantly affected by ages of weaning. Average 6 months weight of the male calves was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of female calves. The effects of weaning ages on the weight gain in both post-weaning and overall periods of the trial were not significant. Total milk dry matter intake (DMI) of the late weaned calves were significantly (P<0.01) greater than that of early weaned calves. However, starter DMI of the calves weaned 2 months of age was higher (P<0.05) than that of late weaned calves, but dry hay and total feed DMI were not affected by the weaning ages. Sex of the calves also did not result in significant effects on the milk, dry hay, starters and total feed DMI. Feed conversion efficiency in a period between birth and 6 months of age were not significantly affected by weaning ages. The weaning age and sex of calves did not significantly affect the gains in body measurements. Percentage of time spent for lying, standing, eating and drinking water behaviors were not also significantly affected by both weaning ages and sex of calves. The results of this study suggested that the crossbred calves could be weaned successfully at 2 months of age without having adverse effect on their growth, feed conversion efficiency and behavioral traits.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - Review ArticleYalnız künye2015The importance of vitamins for soccer players
Eskici, Günay
Soccer is one of the most widely played and complex sports in the world, where success depends on technical, tactical and physical skills of the players. Studies to improve performance in soccer have often focused on technique and tactics. However, nutrition is one of the most important factors infl uencing athletic performance of the players. The duration of matches is long and the training is intense. This leads to increased requirements for energy and nutrients, as well as increased reactive oxygen radicals and hence increased muscle damage. Vitamins are micronutrients that a living organism requires in trace quantities for health. As these assume crucial functions in the body, the performance of the player is negatively affected particularly during long-term defi ciency. Beta-carotene, C and E vitamins are antioxidants that protect against oxygen radicals. In case of their defi ciency, oxidative stress and muscle fatigue increases. Vitamin D is involved in maintaining mineral balance, and it increases absorption of dietary calcium and phosphorus. In case of vitamin D defi ciency, injuries resulting from the musculoskeletal system might increase. B Vitamins (B1, B2, niacin, B6, B12, biotin, folic acid and pantothenic acid) perform duties such as energy production, absorption and transport of iron and blood cell production. Athletes who follow an energy-restricted and imbalanced diet might develop vitamin defi ciency. In such a case, supplements can be used as recommended by the doctor/dietician. It is further reported that supplement use by athletes who have an adequate and balanced nutrition does not increase performance.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2015Effect of doses of direct-fed microbials plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation on growth, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of brown Swiss and holstein Friesian calves
Kocyigit, R.; Aydin, R.; Yanar, M.; Guler, O.; Diler, A.; Tuzemen, N.; Avci, M.; Ozyurek, S.; Hirik, E.; Kabakci, D.
The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of different doses of direct-fed microbials (DFM) plus exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) additives on the growth performance, feed efficiency ratio and fecal consistency index of Brown Swiss and Holstein Friesian calves. Twenty six calves were assigned to three groups (control, 10 g and 20 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE) according to breeds. Calves in 10 g per head/day of DFM plus EFE group in pre- and post-weaning periods had 20.0% and 6.3% higher total weight gains than calves in the control group respectively. However, the effects of breeds and dosages of the supplement on the weights, weight gains and feed efficiency ratios were not significant. Average fecal consistency score of the calves fed a diet supplemented with 10 g head/day of DFM plus EFE had the lowest score (P<0.01) (i.e., less scouring) compared to other treatment groups in pre-weaning period as well as between birth and 6 months of age. The study revealed that the feeding of DFM plus EFE to dairy calves until 6 months of age did not result in statistically significant improvement on the growth traits and feed efficiency ratio. On the other hand, the dose of 10 g head/day of the DFM plus EFE additives might be beneficial for reducing incidence of diarrhea in dairy calves.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2015Identification of longevity, fertility and growth-promoting properties of pomegranate in Caenorhabditis elegans
Kiliçgün, Hasan; Arda, Nazli; Uçar, Evren
Background: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is commonly consumed as fresh fruit and fruit juice. It is also used in the production of jam, wine, food coloring agent, and flavor enhancer. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the possible longevity, fertility and growth promoting properties of different ethanolic extract concentrations of pomegranate in Caenorhabditis elegans, which is increasingly popular and has proven to be a very useful experimental model organism for aging studies as well as for testing antioxidants and other compounds for effects on longevity. Materials and Methods: In this study, five experimental groups (20, 10, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg pomegranate extract/mL and one control group) were used to determine the most effective dose of pomegranate in terms of longevity, fertility and growth parameters. Results: It was seen that, pomegranate extracts up to the concentration of 5 mg/mL, had the potential to promote for the longevity, formation of new generations, fertility of new generations and growth properties of C. elegans although higher concentrations significantly reduced these parameters. Conclusion: these findings indicated that pomegranate could be used as a supplement to enhance longevity, fertility and growth rate for the other living organisms and human beings, but the dose should be carefully adjusted to avoid adverse effects.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2015The hazardous effects of three natural food dyes on developmental stages and longevity of Drosophila melanogaster
Uysal, Handan; Semerdöken, Sıdıka; Çolak, Deniz Altun; Ayar, Arif
Nowadays, food dyes obtained from herbal, animal, microbial and mineral sources are widely used as food additives. In this study, the toxic effects of three different natural food dyes (carmine, turmeric and annatto) on 72 ± 4 h larvae of Oregon-R wild type of Drosophila melanogaster were investigated. For this purpose, four different application doses (50, 75, 100, 125 mg mL−1) were chosen by means of preliminary studies. It was determined that larval mortality increased with increasing concentration in the application groups and the toxicity order was carmine > turmeric > annatto. It was observed that the survival rate was highest in the control with 98% and lowest in 125 mg mL−1carmine with 16%. In addition, the average lifespan of the adult individuals obtained from third instar larvae was also studied. While the average lifespan was 40.88 ± 1.44 days in the control group, these values were 10.81 ± 0.55–23.90 ± 1.27 days in the carmine group, 15.00 ± 0.80–22.42 ± 1.43 days in the turmeric group and 10.33 ± 1.03–35.68 ± 1.54 days in the annatto group, respectively. According to the obtained results, when both the developmental period from larvae into adults and the lifespan of the developing adults were compared with the control group, the food dyes were found to be toxic and the toxicity order of carmine > turmeric > annatto was identified.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2015Effects of green banana flour on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of ice cream
Yangilar, Filiz
In the present study, possible effects of the addition of banana flour at different mass fractions (1 and 2 %) are investigated on physical (overrun, viscosity), chemical (dry matter, fat and ash content, acidity, pH, water and oil holding capacity and colour), mineral content (Ca, K, Na, P, S, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni) and sensory properties of ice cream. Fibre-rich banana pieces were found to contain 66.8 g per 100 g of total dietary fibre, 58.6 g per 100 g of which were insoluble dietary fibre, while 8.2 g per 100 g were soluble dietary fibre. It can be concluded from these results that banana is a valuable dietary fibre source which can be used in food production. Flour obtained from green banana pulp and peel was found to have significant (p<0.05) effect on the chemical composition of ice creams. Sulphur content increased while calcium content decreased in ice cream depending on banana flour content. Sensory results indicated that ice cream sample containing 2 % of green banana pulp flour received the highest score from panellists.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2015Chitosan/whey protein (CWP) edible films efficiency for controlling mould growth and on microbiological, chemical and sensory properties during storage of göbek kashar cheese
Yangilar, Filiz
The objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of the application of chitosan and chitosan/whey protein on the chemical, microbial and organoleptic properties of Göbek Kashar cheese during ripening time (on 3rd, 30th, 60th and 90th d). Difference in microbiological and chemical changes between samples was found to be significant (p<0.05) during ripening period. Cheese samples with edible coating had statistically lower mould counts compared to the uncoated samples. Furthermore the highest and lowest mould counts were determined in control (4.20 Log CFU/g) and other samples (<1 Log CFU/g) at 60th and 90th d of storage. All samples exhibited higher levels of water soluble nitrogen and ripening index at the end of storage process. At the end of 90 day storage period, no signicant dierences in salt and fat values were observed among the cheeses studied. The edible coatings had a beneficial effect on the sensory quality of cheese samples. In the result of sensory analysis, while cheese C and the chitosan coated cheese samples were more preferred by the panellists, the chitosan/whey protein film-coated cheese samples received the lowest scores. This study shows coating suggests could be used to improve the quality of cheese during ripening time.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleYalnız künye2015Integrating multiple texture methods and NDVI to the Random Forest classification algorithm to detect tea and hazelnut plantation areas in northeast Turkey
Akar, Ö.; Güngör, O.
Hazelnuts and tea are two major agricultural crops grown in the eastern Black Sea region in Turkey. Since this part of Turkey is not industrialized, most of the local people work in agriculture, making hazelnuts and tea a part of their lives. For the government side, it is crucial to keep records of the amount of harvested croplands to implement agricultural policies. In fact, the harvested area and crop type of each cadastral parcel are collected either during cadastral surveys or with the declaration of individual farmers, yet this information is mostly not up-to-date and does not reflect the current land-use status. This study aims to determine the extent and distribution of hazelnuts and tea grown areas using the Random Forest (RF) classification algorithm. Tea and hazelnuts give similar spectral reflectance values to surrounding vegetation, which makes it difficult to distinguish them using only their spectral properties. To tackle this problem, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and texture extraction methods such as the Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Gabor filter were integrated with the RF algorithm, and their contributions to the success of the RF classification method were examined. WorldView-2 satellite images, which have eight multispectral bands (MS: 2 m) and one higher spatial resolution panchromatic band (PAN: 0.5 m), were used. Since the study area contains agricultural products grown in different seasons, satellite images belonging to both summer and winter periods were used. Preliminary results acquired using only spectral values indicated that the RF method gives 79.05% and 71.84% overall accuracies for summer and winter periods, respectively. Integrating texture information improves the performance of the RF algorithm such that the overall classification accuracies are increased to 83.54% and 87.89% when texture information extracted with GLCM and the Gabor filter is added. The classification performance of the winter image is also boosted to be 77.41% and 79.73% with the contribution of texture information obtained with GLCM and the Gabor filter, respectively. Finally, produced thematic maps were compared with the latest cadastral maps to validate classification results with ground truth data. The obtained results reveal the success of integrating texture features in classification since the created thematic maps are consistent with actual land use. The results also show that the crops grown on some cadastral parcels are not coherent with the most current cadastral database, which implies that the cadastral maps need to be updated.
RDL Kalıcı Kaydıİncele - ArticleAçık Erişim2014Protective role of humic acids against dicamba-induced genotoxicity and DNA methylation in Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Yildirim, Nalan; Agar, Guleray; Taspinar, Mahmut Sinan; Turan, Metin; Aydin, Murat; Arslan, Esra
Dicamba is one of herbicides used widely in agriculture today. The wide use of dicamba in agriculture represents a potential danger to the ecosystems and the environment. Thus, the present study is aimed to investigate the DNA damage levels and the DNA methylation changes in Phaseolus vulgaris subjected to whether dicamba and humic acids (HAs) have any protective effect on these changes. Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and Coupled Restriction Enzyme Digestion-Random Amplification (CRED-RAs) were used to determinate the DNA damage levels and the changes in the pattern of DNA methylation. The results showed that dicamba (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ppm) caused RAPDs profile changes (DNA damage) as increasing, genomic template stability (GTS) as decreasing and DNA hypomethylation. However, these effects of dicamba seen at higher levels decreased after treatment with five different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 and10%) of HAs. The results of this experiment have clearly shown that HAs could be used effectively to protect bean seedlings from the destructive effects of dicamba.
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