Yazarlar

  • Book ChapterYalnız künye2015
    Evaluating the application of possibility and equality of opportunity in higher education according to chaos theory

    Avcı, Müjdat; Özbaş, Mehmet; Akbaşlı, Sait

    The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situations related to possibility and equality of opportunity in higher education in terms of chaos theory. During the research process, the aim was to determine the extent to which socio-economic chaos arising from student characteristics affected the possibility and equality of opportunity in higher education. In democratic countries, where it is considered that almost all professions with a high social status cannot be acquired without having a higher education qualification, higher education as a fundamental human right should be disseminated to different classes of the society. In this research, functions of a democratic educational administration upon the possibility and equality of opportunity in higher education in Turkey were discussed within the scope of sociologic variables. The population of “The Research for Equality of Opportunity and Possibility in Higher Education within the Concept of Democratic and Sociologic Features” included 29,477 students studying at Erzincan and Mersin Universities in 2012–2013 academic year; and the study sample included 776 students chosen with random cluster sampling model according to the faculties of both universities. Students with illiterate mothers were found to have benefited from the secondary education at a lower level than the other student groups. The student groups with high school and university graduate mothers were found to have benefited from the secondary education opportunities at a higher level.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
    • SDG 10 · Eşitsizliklerin Azaltılması
    • SDG 16 · Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2015
    Learning approaches of successful students and factors affecting their learning approaches; [Başarili Öʇrencilerin Öʇrenme Yaklaşimlari ve Öʇrenme Yaklaşimlarini Etkileyen Faktörler]

    Beyaztaş, Dilek Ilhan; Senemoğlu, Nuray

    The purpose of this descriptive study is to identify learning approaches (deep, surface, or strategic) among successful undergraduate students and the factors that affect and shape their learning approaches. The study sample comprised 90 freshman students who were ranked in the top one percent portion of the 2013 University Placement Exam (UPE) in Turkey. Students were variously attending faculties of education, law or medicine and were grouped in subject areas of Literacy-Social (LS), Literacy-Math (LM), and Math-Science (MS). Data was obtained via semi structured interviews with students and recorded on a form developed by the researchers. We found that students tend to be inclined to a surface learning approach, their teacher has a rote learning education understanding - the content of the course is quantitative, and exams are multiple choice or use a true/false system. However, they tend to choose a deep learning strategy when their teacher has both research and interrogation based expectations, the content of the course is qualitative, and the exam style is writing an essay or of a fill in the gaps type. Moreover, preparation courses and group of friends t have significant influence on how students internalize strategic learning approaches.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2015
    The differences between the lecturers’ and the students’ definitions that they formed in the course and the reasons of these differences; [Öğretim elemanları ile öğrencilerin derste oluşturduğu tanımlar arasındaki farklar ve sebepleri]

    Baş, Fatih; Çakmak, Zeynep; Işık, Ahmet; Bekdemir, Mehmet

    In this study, it was aimed to test whether there were differences and failures between the definitions that lecturers desired to form in students’ minds and the definitions that students described, and if so, to investigate the reasons of those differences and failures based on the fundamental topologic concepts topic from students’ perspectives. A case study research design was adopted in the study and it was conducted with 99 students of elementary mathematics teaching department. The data were gathered via three ways, “Knowledge Test”, “Unstructured Focus Group Interview” and “Structured Interview Form”, and were analyzed with descriptive and content analysis methods. As a result, it was observed that there were considerably big differences between the formal definitions of that the lecturers used in teaching and the definitions defined by the students. According to the students, these differences and failures stemmed from following reasons: students’ living difficulties in stating their ideas with the mathematical language, their prior learning habits, their negative ideas about the necessity of the concepts, their lecturers’ use of the language, their lecturers’ neglecting individual differences in teaching, their poor working habits and abstractness of the topics.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2015
    A qualitative study on transferring the experience of using technology from formal education to distance education

    Yildiz, Merve; Selim, Yavuz

    With improvements in information technologies, distance education programs have become widespread. Institutions that offer distance education programs are increasing in number. Scholars who were used to face-to-face teaching began to give courses in distance education programs which entail technological teaching methods, a new teaching experience for the teachers. Formal education or face-to-face education and distance education have different dynamics. The transition to distance teaching from the first to the later involves the transmission of experiences of teaching with technology. For effective distance education, it is important to analyze the transmission of these teaching experiences. This study evaluates how faculty members' experiences with technologies in formal education are transmitted to distance education. Interviews were held with twelve scholars who have taught both formal and distance learning courses. The interviews were recorded. Content analysis method was used to obtain a deeper understanding of the data collected. It was found that the teaching materials used in the formal and distance educations were exactly the same. Some faculty members claimed that infrastructure and technical possibilities of the current system were not sufficient for the use of different teaching materials. However, this study suggests that teachers' beliefs about educational methods are the main reason that prevented the use of different teaching materials in distance education.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2015
    The factors affecting the quality of in-service training on information and communication technologies

    Yildirim, Önder; Kurşun, Engin; Göktaş, Yüksel

    In-service training (IST) has an important role in order to provide innovations, reforms and improvements as well as necessary training programs to the teachers and facilitate the changes. The aim of this study is to identify the underlying factors that affect the quality of the training by examining the scientific studies (theses and articles) conducted on IST related to information and communication technologies (ICT). In the study, meta-synthesis method (thematic content analysis), which is one of the content analysis methods has been employed. The scientific studies related to the subject have been reached by the databases that include academic publications in the fields of social science and education. The results and suggestions parts of 51 publications, which are identified as related to the subject from the databases, have been formed the findings of this study. The data obtained have been analyzed by using the PIE model which stands for planning, implementation and evaluation. The technical infrastructure, proper and ready environment, scheduling ISTs at available times of trainees, using distance education methods and evaluation of the trainees at the end of the course are the main factors that present the quality of IST within the scope of ICT.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2015
    Teacher candidates’ opinions on Erasmus student exchange program

    Unlua, Ihsan

    This study contains teacher candidates’ opinions who spent a portion of their educational career abroad as participants in the Erasmus Program regarding the academic, cultural, and personal gains of the program. Using the Quantitative Research Method, this study focuses on phenomena that researchers are aware of, but on which they do not have detailed information. As such, it has been designed as a phenomenological study. The work group of the study consists of students from Erzincan University’s Faculty of Education who participated in the Erasmus Program during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 academic years. As the data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form prepared by the researcher was used. The data collected for the study were analyzed using the Content Analysis Method. Upon the analysis of the data, it was concluded that the teacher candidates who participated in the Erasmus Program obtained different academic, cultural, and personal gains. It may be suggested that these acquisitions will be beneficial for the teacher candidates both in their professional and daily lives. When the aims of the Erasmus Program are considered, it is observed that the expected effects of the program (for the participants in this study) have been achieved. More detailed studies may be conducted in the future to reveal the Erasmus Program level of success in terms of participants’ changes experienced and observed in issues related to academic, cultural and personal improvement.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2015
    An investigation of mathematically promising students' cognitive abilities and their contributions to learning environment

    Budak, Ibrahim; Kaygin, Bulent

    In this study, through the observation of mathematically promising students in regular classrooms, relevant learning environments and the learning needs of promising students, teacher approaches and teaching methods, and the differences between the promising students and their normal ability peers in the same classroom were investigated. Correlational survey research was conducted. The sample of this research was composed of selected and non-selected students. The selected students were 21 students who were attending the Science and Art Center in Erzincan. The non-selected students were peers of the selected students in the same classroom at their schools. The differentiated classroom observation form, which was adapted into Turkish, and written interview questions for teachers were the data collection instruments used in this study. Structured non participant observation was conducted in regular classrooms in which selected mathematically promising and their non-selected peers attended. The data collected through observation form were analyzed quantitatively through Mann Whitney U test and the data collected through teacher interviews were analyzed qualitatively through direct quoting. The findings of *the study suggest that the mathematically promising students were more active in classroom activities and communicated more frequently with their teacher compared to their normal ability peers. In contrast, their classroom respect levels were lower. The repetition of some topics and concepts, and not being praised enough may be counted as the reasons behind these disrespected behaviors.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2014
    Analysis of the factors that influence the attitudes of elementary students for the internet

    Dogar, Cetin; Kaplan, Mesut; Gürses, Ahmet; IIhan, AC; Miralay, F

    It is important that the level of students' access to the internet in the information age. The purpose of this study is to determine certain variables of primary school students on their attitudes to the Internet. Working in the academic year 2011-2012 was made and research method is carried out by using survey method. The sampling consists of 272 elementary school students. Data was obtained by using Internet Attitude Scale (.874) of a 20-item and interpretative analysis were applied to the data. The results showed that preference of binding sites to the Internet, educational level, the Examination of Degree Identity(EDI), and gender aspects of the statistically significant differences on primary students' attitudes toward the Internet were found. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2014
    The games 3-6 aged children's wish to play in the school garden

    Kiliçgün, Muge Yurtsever; Besoluk, S

    School gardens are places where children meet their needs such as breathe fresh air, relaxation, learning, movement and play. A well-planned garden should be able to meet children's needs. Whenever, school gardens are designed, children's views and recommendations should be given. Hence, the aim of the study was to determine what 3-6 aged children want to play in school garden. In the scope of research, games wanted by children to play in the school gardens were analyzed under three headings as activity types, structure and number of players. 139 girls, 145 boys, totally 284 children were taken place in research's sample. 3 aged children was 63, 4 aged was 77, 5 aged was 82 and 6 aged was 62. In the scope of research, it was asked from 3-6 aged children to imagine a game they wanted to play in school garden and to draw and describe this game. Data were analyzed by using percent (%), frequency (f) and chi-square analysis. Games were analyzed according to their structure; it was observed that gender wasn't cause significant difference. Children aged 3-5 drew imaginary games, while aged 6 drew co-operative games. When games were analyzed according to the type of activity, it was detected that girls drew games played with fixed game equipments such as swing, slide, while boys drew movement games without tools such as running, chase. With increasing age, it was seen that children wanted to movement games with tools like cycling, roller skating, games played with play materials like balls, ropes, games played with songs and tongue twisters and games played with fixed environment equipments such as climbing, swimming. With decreasing age children wanted to play with natural materials like sand, water, stable game like swing, slide and mimic and role-playing games. When games were analyzed according to number of the player, it was determined that gender wasn't lead to any differences. With decreasing age it was seen that children wanted to play individual games, while with increasing age children wanted to games played as a group. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2013
    Preservice Teachers'Philosophical Thoughts About the Nature of Mathematics

    Sanalan, Vehbi Aytekin; Bekdemir, Mehmet; Okur, Muzaffer; Kanbolat, Oben; Bas, Fatih; Sagirli, Meryem Ozturan

    The purpose of this study is to develop and implement a valid and reliable scale to determine the different views of preservice teachers towards the nature of mathematics. The nature of mathematics and the views of individuals towards mathematics are variables of different factors that could not be directly observed. Instead of using teachers' views, commonly accepted theoretical sources and experts' views are followed while generating premise items in the process of developing a sample of a scale. For this purpose, a draft instrument with 30 Likert-scale items was administered on a pilot group of 167 participants. According to the results of the item analysis and expert opinions, five items were taken out of the sample scale and expressions of some items were rearranged. The final scale which is called MADIFDO was applied on 520 students of a faculty of education in a medium-scaled province in the Eastern Anatolian region of Turkey, majoring in Science Education, Mathematics Education, Elementary Education, and Social Sciences Education in the academic year 2009-2010. The analysis carried out showed that the items making up the scale clustered under 4 factors, and the total rate of variance explained by these factors is 42.797 %. Besides, The Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.854. MADIFDO is proved to be a valid and reliable scale that can capture the perspectives of teachers on the nature of mathematics. The results showed that half of the participants (49%) view mathematics as a semi-experimentalist human activity.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2013
    The role of animated agents in web-based distance education

    Ergül, Esra; Koç, Mustafa; Uzunboylu, H; Ozdamli, F

    The purpose of this literature review is to determine the roles of animated agents in web-based distance education. The review was organized according to such themes as the structure and creation of animated agents, their cognitive and affective benefits, the importance of facial appearance and reality of animated agents in web-based distance learning and communication, and online animated agents. The instructional roles of animated agents were explored through a variety of experimental studies. The findings revealed that animated agents could take instructional roles such as a teacher, a mentor, a coach or an assistant in learning environments. Besides, multidisciplinary instructional environments enriched with animated agents could significantly contribute to the related literature in terms of the pedagogical outcomes they supply. The initiatives on the related context could be useful in order to fill the gap in Turkey. Therefore, it is suggested that animated agents should be integrated into web-based learning environments via considering the pedagogical elements in future studies. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleYalnız künye2013
    The effect of the training given to the child development students about foreign body aspiration upon their knowledge levels

    Çelik, Necla; Arikan, Duygu

    Objective: This study was semi-experimentally conducted in order to determine knowledge levels of child development students about foreign body aspiration and to explore the effect of the training given to these students about foreign body aspiration upon their knowledge levels. Methods: The research was conducted with a total of 231 students who studied at the department of child development of two high schools and one vocational higher school in Erzincan Province located in the east of Turkiye between May 2011 and February 2012. The data were gathered using a questionnaire form of 38 questions. The training on foreign body aspiration (Power point presentation, video presentation and practice on a dummy) was provided in three phases. For the data evaluation; percentages, chi-square test and Mc Nemar test were used. Results: It was found out in the study that 91.8% of the students did not take any training/course about foreign body aspiration and 55% confronted situations of foreign body aspirations (ear, nose, airway).After the training about foreign body aspiration; it was noted that the number of the students who knew risky behaviors for foreign body aspiration increased and the increase in the number of the students was at the highest level among high schools (p<0.05). It was seen that the training was most effective among the university students in terms of knowing first-aid intervention in case a foreign body would obstruct airway among the children aged. <1 year (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was noted that the training which was applied on the dummy by using visual aids about foreign body aspiration increased the knowledge level of the students. Based on this finding, it may be recommended that nurses should perform their counseling and educator roles more actively for the families and those who are responsible for the baby care about foreign body aspiration by playing a more active role in the health care team.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleAçık Erişim2013
    Pre-service english teachers' beliefs on speaking skill based on motivational orientations

    Dinçer, Ali; Yeşilyurt, Savaş

    This study aimed to explore pre-service English teachers' perceptions of teaching speaking in Turkey, the importance they give to this language skill, and their self-evaluation of their speaking competence. With case design and maximum variation sampling approach, seven pre-service English teachers' beliefs about speaking skills were gathered in regard to motivational orientations based on Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan 2002) and the data was analyzed according to interview questions. Findings revealed that the subjects, whether they were intrinsically or extrinsically motivated to speak English, had negative ideas about speaking instruction in Turkey though they all agreed that it was the most important language skill. The findings also showed that they felt incompetent in oral communication though they had different motivational orientations about speaking English. The findings are significant for understanding speaking instruction in English language classrooms from a motivational perspective and helpful for enhancing learners' speaking ability with intrinsic motivation.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • ArticleYalnız künye2013
    Effects of a nursing intervention program on the depression and perception of family functioning of mothers with intellectually disabled children

    Yildirim, Arzu; Hacihasanoǧlu Aşilar, Rabia; Karakurt, Papatya

    Aims and objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effect of psychosocial education provided to mothers with intellectually disabled children on the risk of depression and perception of family functioning in those mothers. Background: Families with intellectually disabled children need encouragement, support and training to more actively participate in their children's education and to positively affect their children's growth and development. Design: Randomised controlled study. Methods: The study included the mothers of 75 intellectually disabled children (40 intervention, 35 control). The mothers in the intervention group who participated in a routine program at private education and rehabilitation centres attended four different psychosocial educational sessions. Sessions were conducted once a week for four weeks and lasted 120 minutes. The control group attended only the routine program of the private education and rehabilitation centre. Results: Our study results showed that after completion of the educational program, there was a greater decrease in the risk for depression in the intervention group when compared to the control group, and the former perceived their family functions better. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0·001). Conclusions: The education given by nurses to mothers who have children with intellectual disabilities may be effective in reducing the risk for depression and in increasing the perception of healthy family functioning. Relevance to clinical practice: Psychosocial nursing education program can contribute to the use of evidence-based education strategies in nursing practice to improve the mental health for mothers with intellectually disabled children.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2012
    Broadsheet English: teaching speaking through newspaper articles

    Akdemir, Ahmet Selcuk; Barin, Muzaffer; Demiroz, Hakan; Baskan, GA; Ozdamli, F; Kanbul, S; Ozcan, D

    The aim of this study is to explore whether newspaper articles can be used as speaking materials in foreign language courses as they include most authentic language patterns. A quasi-experimental study has been carried out at Vocational School of Tourism and Hotel Services in Erzincan University. Thirty-eight preparatory students took part in the study. Speaking courses were designed to include newspaper articles. The study provided evidence to prove the hypothesis: 'Language should be taught by original materials and spoken language is best acquired when it is obtained from authentic sources' (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2012
    Examining of teacher candidates' attitudes to science teaching and self-efficacy related to alternative measurement assessment

    Ugras, Mustafa; Ay, Kemalettin; Altunbas, Seda; Cil, Erol; Uzunboylu, H

    The purpose of this study, determine the pre-service science and classroom teachers' attitudes towards science teaching and self-efficacy perceptions related to alternative measurement assessment that based upon constructivism. The participants of this research included teacher candidates who were fourth year students in 2011-2012 academic years majoring in Science and Class Teaching Programmers at Firat University and Erzincan University, Faculty of Education, in Turkey. In this descriptive study, the attitude toward science teaching scale which was designed by Thomson and Shrigley and adopted to Turkish by Ozkan, Tekkaya and Cakiroglu and self efficacy scale related alternative measurement assessment that developed by Buldur were used as data collecting tools. From the examination of obtained data, we can say that both groups of pre-service science teachers have positive attitudes toward science teaching in general terms. However: statistically significant difference was found between attitudes of pre-service science teachers and class teachers. These results show that the pre-service science teachers have more positive attitudes toward science teaching than pre-service class teachers.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2012
    The effects of autonomy-supportive climates on EFL learners' engagement, achievement and competence in English speaking classrooms

    Dincer, Ali; Yesilyurt, Savas; Takkac, Mehmet; Baskan, GA; Ozdamli, F; Kanbul, S; Ozcan, D

    Self-determination theory (SDT), one of motivation theories, divides learning contexts into two groups as autonomy-supportive and controlled climated according to teachers' behaviours. Autonomy-supportive climates are associated with teacher behaviours which facilitate students' learning, and mostly related to intrinsic motivation, higher perceived competence, higher academic achievement and classroom engagement. Unlike autonomy-supportive ones, controlled climates are connected with teacher behaviours which have detrimental effects on students' learning, and related to amotivation, extrinsic motivation, negative emotions towards learning, less academic achievement, dropping out of school. Considering these facts, this study hypothesized that learning climates' being perceived as autonomy supportive or controlled would be closely associated with students' perception about their English speaking competence, achievement in English speaking and classroom engagement. To test the hypothesis, 55 Turkish EFL preparatory-first graders chosen according to convenience sampling completed a four-section form including a learning climate questionnaire, a perceived competence scale, an engagement question and demographic questions including gender, age group, last examination score. Descriptive and correlation analyses of the data supported the hypothesis. Findings showed that speaking course teachers created an autonomous environment and their students had high levels of perceived competence in speaking. In addition, autonomy-supportive teacher behaviours were positively correlated with perceived competence (p<.05). Furthermore, these behaviours were siginificantly and positively correlated with students' engagement in English speaking lessons and achievements (p<.01). (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2012
    Determination of the pre-service science and classroom teachers' attitudes towards science teaching and technology and relationship between these attitudes

    Ugras, Mustafa; Altunbas, Seda; Ay, Kemalettin; Cil, Erol; Uzunboylu, H

    The purpose of this study, determine the pre-service science and classroom teachers. attitudes towards science teaching and technology. This study also purposed the determination of the pre-service science and classroom teachers/opinion about organization and using of computer, internet and technologies for educational purpose. The participants of this research included teacher candidates who were fourth year students in 2011-2012 academic years majoring in Science and Class Teaching Programmers at Firat University and Kafkas University, Faculty of Education, in Turkey. In this descriptive study, the technology attitude scale that developed by Erdemir, Bakirci and Eyduran and the attitude toward science teaching scale which was designed by Thomson and Shrigley and adopted to Turkish by Ozkan, Tekkaya and Cakiroglu were used as data collecting tools. SPSS 17 packet program and quantitative analyze techniques were used for the examination of obtained data. Rresults show that the pre-service science teachers have more positive attitudes toward science teaching than pre-service class teachers.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2012
    Training future members of the world with an understanding of global citizenship

    Takkac, Mehmet; Akdemir, Ahmet Selcuk; Uzunboylu, H

    Globalism, in the modern sense, requires training global citizens with a logic viewing of individuals as members of a large family known as global world. In this process, national values, virtues, behaviors, traditions and aspirations must align with global expectations. However there may be differences in every aspect between nations, there must be conclusive attempts to make the bridge among different peoples of the world closer. To provide a better, safer and more livable world for the next generations, those in charge of education in today's world must do their best to determine the nature of global citizenship without disregarding national characteristics, and to lay the foundations for the future of humanity. This paper is intended to address the issue of global citizenship with a focus regarding national features as parts of a global whole. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
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  • Conference ObjectAçık Erişim2012
    Job satisfaction, organizational commitment and demographic characteristics among teachers in Turkey: Younger is better?

    Yucel, Ilhami; Bektas, Cetin; Baskan, GA; Ozdamli, F; Kanbul, S; Ozcan, D

    This paper investigates the relationship between teachers' job satisfaction and organizational commitment and evaluates whether teachers' age moderates the relationship between their job satisfaction and organizational commitment in Turkey case. All constructs were measured using instruments sourced from the extant literature and the questionnaire used in this study is designed to examine the relationships between job satisfaction, organizational commitment and age among teachers. The study specifically targeted teachers in secondary schools. In all, 432 copies of the questionnaire were distributed; 173 were returned and sixteen of them were excluded because they were incomplete; giving a response rate of 36%, which was deemed acceptable. The results of this study have some important implications for school managers and teachers. Organizational commitment positively correlated with job satisfaction. We suggest that age differences among teachers have moderating effect on relationships between their job satisfaction and organizational commitment and these relationships are nonlinear. The role of age in relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment is worth investigating further. Our findings highlight the need to consider differences of teachers' age and school authorities need to develop strategies to deal with the needs of those teachers who experience less job satisfaction and commitment. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu

    • SDG 4 · Nitelikli Eğitim
    • SDG 8 · İnsana Yakışır İş ve Ekonomik Büyüme
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